Name: antigenic liposomes for generation of disease-specific antibodies
Uploaded: 2018-10-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了国防部 (W81XWH-16-1-0302 和 W81XWH-16-1-0303) 的赠款的支持。

将蛋白质与脂质结合在一起的一般方法主要基于早期的工作15。下面描述的所有动物程序都已通过北卡罗来纳大学教堂山机构动物护理和使用委员会 (IACUC) 批准。在花生过敏模型中使用的所有小鼠都是 BALB/cJ 女性从3周的年龄购买。阿尔伯塔大学动物护理和使用委员会 (ACUC) 已经批准了实验, 涉及使用小鼠脾进行体外分析, 从 C57Bl/6 小鼠至少6周的年龄。
1. ...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Varying+Doses+of+Epicutaneous+Immunotherapy+vs+Placebo+on+Reaction+to+Peanut+Protein+Exposure+Among+Patients+With+Peanut+Sensitivity:+A+Randomized+Clinical+Trial.">Effect of Varying Doses of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy vs Placebo on Reaction to Peanut Protein Exposure Among Patients With Peanut Sensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.</a> The Journal of the American Medical Association. 318 (18), 1798-1809 (2017).</li><li>Bednar, K. 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这里概述的方法是一个通用的协议的蛋白质共轭的脂质, 使在脂质体纳米颗粒的蛋白质显示。对于非常大的多亚基蛋白质, 此协议可能有有限的效用。理想的方法是引入一个特定于站点的标签, 使之能够使用双正交化学连接策略。如果表达蛋白质制备, 这可以使用可用的特定于站点的策略17, 和广泛的功能组在聚乙二醇脂质的末端是商业可用的。因此, 本议定书的目的是将与天然来?...

食物过敏影响了美国8% 的儿童, 并且在过去十年中增加了1的患病率。对花生过敏影响1% 儿童, 通常不超过2。虽然一些有前途的临床试验正在进行的治疗食物过敏, 包括口服免疫疗法 (OIT), 舌下免疫治疗 (狭缝) 和 epicutaneous 免疫治疗 (EPIT), 目前没有 FDA 批准的治疗策略对于脱敏花生过敏的个人3,4,5,6,7,8。因此, 过敏个体必须严格避免过敏原, 以避免过敏反应。许多问题仍然是关于敏感的途径和食物过敏发展的根本机制。
小鼠模型是研究过敏机制以及开发新的耐受性和脱敏疗法9,10,11,12的宝贵工具。这是特别正确的, 因为主要的花生过敏原 (艾拉 h 2;Ah2) 在人类也是主要的过敏原在几个描述的鼠标模型13,14。虽然小鼠花生过敏模型在研究敏感度和耐受性机制方面是非常宝贵的, 但缺点是它们可以是可变的, 需要使用佐剂。更有效的免疫原将是减少此类模型固有变异性的一种方法。由于 b 细胞是由多价抗原强烈激活, 显示过敏原的抗原脂质体是一个很好的选择, 因为他们有能力通过 b 细胞受体 (BCR) 激活 b 细胞, 同时也具有有效的属性通过非特异的抗原呈现细胞来启动 T 细胞室。
在这里, 我们描述了一个详细的协议共轭蛋白抗原脂质体纳米粒子使用一个简易的和模块化的策略。通过使用替代抗原, 抗 IgM Fab 片段, 我们证明了这种抗原脂质体在刺激 B 细胞活化中的作用。采用抗原脂质体显示 Ah2 抗原, 研制出一种新的小鼠赋敏模型。在这个模型中, 脾细胞从证实的花生过敏小鼠, 含有花生特异记忆 B 和 T 细胞, 被转移到天真的同类系小鼠。记忆抗体反应是通过注射脂质体与 Ah2 结合在受体小鼠中诱发的, 以诱导抗体对 Ah2。其次只有一个促进与可溶性 Ah2, Ah2-specific 抗体引起强烈的过敏反应, 当这些小鼠随后与 Ah2 挑战。由于过敏反应的小鼠反应以高度一致的方式, 并没有得到佐剂, 这种方法是一个可取的花生过敏模型, 结果表明, 它可能有效用在其他鼠标模型驱动的抗原导向过敏原和可能自身抗原。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Model 2110 Fraction Collector</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>7318122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cholestrol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C8667</td>
			<td>Sigma grade 99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPDP</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21857</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DSPC</td>
			<td>Avanti</td>
			<td>850365</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DSPE-PEG 18:0</td>
			<td>Avanti</td>
			<td>880120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DSPE-PEG Maleimide</td>
			<td>Avanti</td>
			<td>880126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extruder</td>
			<td>Avanti</td>
			<td>610000</td>
			<td>1mL syringe with holder/heating block</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filters 0.1 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Avanti</td>
			<td>610005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filters 0.8 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Avanti</td>
			<td>610009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mm Filter Supports</td>
			<td>Avanti</td>
			<td>6100014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Round Bottom Flask</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Z100633</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turnover stoppers</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P-301398</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tubing</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P-198194</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leur Lock</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>k4201634503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sephadex G50 Beads</td>
			<td>GE Life Sciences</td>
			<td>17004201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sephadex G100 Beads</td>
			<td>GE Life Sciences</td>
			<td>17006001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat Inactivated Fetal Calf Serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10082147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES (1M)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15630080</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGTA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>E3889</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1x RBC lysis Buffer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>00-4333-57</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Indo-1</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>I1203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD5-PE</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>100608</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B220-PE-Cy7</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>103222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14170112</td>
			<td>without calcium and magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C4901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fab anti-mouse IgM</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>115-007-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F(ab&#39;)2 anti-mouse IgM</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>115-006-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peanut flour</td>
			<td>Golden Peanut Co.</td>
			<td>521271</td>
			<td>12% fat light roast, 50% protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal feeding needles</td>
			<td>Cadence Science</td>
			<td>7920</td>
			<td>22g x 1.5&#34;, 1.25 mm - straight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microprobe thermometer</td>
			<td>Physitemp</td>
			<td>BAT-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rectal probe for mice</td>
			<td>Physitemp</td>
			<td>Ret-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cholera toxin, from vibrio cholera</td>
			<td>List Biological Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>100B</td>
			<td>Azide free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BCA Protein Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Pierce</td>
			<td>23225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbonate-bicarbonate buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C3041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMB Stop Solution</td>
			<td>KPL</td>
			<td>50-85-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SureBlue TMB Microwell Peroxidase Substrate</td>
			<td>KPL</td>
			<td>5120-0077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96 well Immulon 4HBX plate</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>3855</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified soluble Ara h 2</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>purified as in: Sen, et al., 2002, Journal of Immunology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HSA-DNP</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-6661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse IgE anti-DNP</td>
			<td>Accurate Chemical</td>
			<td>BYA60251</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sheep anti-Mouse IgE</td>
			<td>The Binding Site</td>
			<td>PC284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotinylated Donkey anti-Sheep IgG</td>
			<td>Accurate Chemical</td>
			<td>JNS065003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NeutrAvidin Protein, HRP</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse IgG1 anti-DNP</td>
			<td>Accurate Chemical</td>
			<td>MADNP105</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HRP Goat anti-mouse IgG1</td>
			<td>Southern Biotech</td>
			<td>1070-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL Insulin Syringes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>329412</td>
			<td>U-100 Insulin, 0.40 mm(27G) x 16.0 mm (5/8&#34;)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superfrost Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-14</td>
			<td>25 x 75 x 1.0 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ACK Lysing Buffer</td>
			<td>gibco by Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A10492-01</td>
			<td>100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 Medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11875093</td>
			<td>500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td>70 &#956;m Nylon, White, Sterile, Individually packaged</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NuPAGE 4-12% Bis-Tris Protein Gels</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>NP0322BOX</td>
			<td>10 gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NuPAGE LDS buffer, 4X</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>NP0008</td>
			<td>250 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SeeBlue Plus2 Pre-stained standard</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>LC5925</td>
			<td>500 &#181;L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NuPAGE MES/SDS running buffer, 20X</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>NP0002</td>
			<td>500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GelCode Blue Stain</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>24590</td>
			<td>500 mL</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

antigenic liposomes for generation of disease-specific antibodies

抗体反应为各种病原体提供了重要的保护性免疫力。仍然有很高的兴趣, 产生强大的疫苗接种抗体, 以及了解致病抗体反应如何发展在过敏和自身免疫疾病。生成强健的抗原特异抗体反应并不总是微不足道的。在小鼠模型中, 它通常需要用佐剂进行多轮免疫接种, 从而导致诱导抗体水平的变化很大。一个例子是在小鼠花生过敏模型, 其中更健壮和可重现的模型, 最小化鼠标数和使用佐剂将是有益的。这里介绍的是一个高度可重现的小鼠花生过敏性过敏症模型。这个新模型依赖两个关键因素: (1) 抗原特异性脾细胞过继转输从花生敏化小鼠转移到天真的受体小鼠, 使大量小鼠抗原特异记忆 B 和 T 细胞的数量正常化;(2) 随后以脂质体纳米颗粒显示主要花生过敏原 (Ara h 2) 的形式, 对受体小鼠进行了强多价抗原的增强。这个模型的主要优点是它的重现性, 最终降低了每项研究中使用的动物数量, 同时最大限度地减少了接受多重注射佐剂的动物数量。这些免疫原性脂质体的模块化组装提供了相对较容易适应其他过敏或自身免疫的模型, 涉及致病抗体。

与 DSPE (2000) 的兴趣蛋白的共轭可以通过运行减少显示与游离蛋白相比, 分子量的增加来证明。图 1A显示了抗鼠 IgM F (ab) 片段共轭 DSPE 的代表性凝胶, 它显示了变性蛋白的 kDa bandshift。请注意, 大约50% 的蛋白质似乎被修改, 这是预期的, 因为1:1 化学计量学是在单体碎片, 这是一个沉重的和轻链的一个。图 1B显示了 Ah2 共轭到 PEG-DSPE ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies at JoVE.com

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

描述了抗原脂质体纳米粒子的制备及其在体外和体内刺激 B 细胞活化的作用。一致和稳健的抗体反应导致了一个新的花生过敏模型的发展。抗原脂质体的生成协议可以扩展到不同的抗原和免疫模型。

抗原脂质体用于生成特定于疾病的抗体

Antibody responses provide critical protective immunity to a wide array of pathogens. There remains a high interest in generating robust antibodies for ...

这种方法可以帮助回答免疫学领域的关键问题，例如白血球是如何激活的，以及对个别过敏原过敏是如何发展？这种坚固且可重复的过敏小鼠模型的主要优点是，可用于减少小鼠与实验人群的方差。控制免疫反应的新免疫疗法需要强大的小鼠模型作为测试体内疗效的初始手段。因此，这种技术的影响延伸到过敏免疫治疗。虽然这种方法可以提供过敏的洞察力，它也可以应用于其他系统，如自身免疫，其中不需要的抗体反应在疾病中起着关键作用。一般来说，由于缺乏使用脂质纳米粒子的经验，或者缺乏对小鼠工作所需技术缺乏经验，对这种方法的个体将难以为之奋斗。首先向蛋白质中加入相当于异体功能交联器的2.5摩尔，并在室温下将反应放在振荡摇床上约一小时。在与SPP孵育一小时后，在100毫摩尔醋酸钠的柱子上脱盐蛋白质，并收集分数。确定 280 纳米的吸光度，并汇集顶部的分数。在PBS中清洗柱，并在池状蛋白质馏中加入25毫摩尔二三丁醇（DTT）进行5至10分钟的孵育。然后，测量蛋白质的280和343纳米吸收度，以便根据蛋白质和链接器的摩尔度计算链接比。接下来，运行 PBS 洗涤列的池分数，并收集 280 纳米和顶部分数池的测量分数，如所证明的。将适当体积的100x DSPE-PEG2000-Maleimide加入到蛋白质中，通过柔和的涡旋，达到1倍、10倍摩尔多余的最终浓度。然后，在密封的圆底烧瓶中，在氮气下运行一夜的反应。第二天，将蛋白质运行在交联的脱脂凝胶珠柱上，并在四摄氏度下储存最终的脂质相关蛋白，直到其使用。计算出正确量的每脂质后，将所有脂质混合到12毫升的硅酸盐玻璃试管中，并使用三毫升注射器和管子小心地用氮气将氯仿吹掉。然后，使用 100 微升的 DMSO 一夜之间将溶液冻干。第二天早上，在12毫升脂管中加入一毫升脂质相关蛋白，在声波水浴中，每个声波水浴中30到60秒的声波化溶液声波化3至4次，在声波间至少休息5分钟。最后一次声波后，将样品装入放入挤出机中的一个挤出注射器中，然后将挤出注射器放入挤出机的另一端。空注射器将填充脂质通过聚碳酸酯 0.8 微米膜挤压。将完全组装的挤出机放入加热块中，轻轻按下柱塞以清空注射器。最后一次挤出后，将脂质转移到干净的小瓶中，并通过聚碳酸酯0.2和0.1微米膜挤出脂质，正如刚刚演示的。然后，将脂质体储存在摄氏四度。为了监测B细胞对抗原脂体活化的反应，在钙通量加载缓冲液中再向第七个血细胞重新发送1.5倍10倍，并在细胞中加入1.5微摩尔印-1，将溶液在管中多次反转混合。在37摄氏度下进行30分钟的水浴孵育后，在光线的保护下，加入5倍的钙通量负荷缓冲液，并离心机的印度-1标签细胞。对于B细胞门控，具有抗CD5和抗B220抗体的染色细胞在0.5毫升的加载缓冲液中，在4摄氏度下20分钟，不受光线影响。在孵育结束时，将细胞用新鲜钙通量加载缓冲液中清洗，并在每毫升新鲜钙通量中将颗粒重新暂停1至2倍至第七细胞，以运行缓冲液储存在冰上，防止光线扩散至分析。接下来，将0.5毫升的细胞加入一个带盖的五毫升圆底聚苯乙烯管中，并在水浴中将细胞加热到37摄氏度。三到五分钟后，将管子转移到连接到再循环水浴的37摄氏度水套室，并在流式圆环仪上的水套中运行管。在收集 5，000 到 10，000 个事件后，让细胞稳定 15 到 30 秒，并重新启动数据采集，收集数据至少 10 秒以建立后台读数。在10秒标记，迅速从流动细胞仪中去除管，并添加适当的抗原脂质体的实验浓度。然后，脉冲涡旋细胞，并读取细胞仪上的管额外三到五分钟。为使动物敏感，每4至5周大的BALB/c雌性小鼠接受者每周送一次200微升含有霍乱毒素的花生提取物，为期三周，第四周向300微升稀释花生提取物提供。在第28天，准备花生提取物到PBS中每毫升1毫克的最终浓度，并使用直肠温度计测量每个敏感动物的基线体温。当所有温度都测量好后，通过内皮内注射给每个接受者施用200微升花生提取物，并在注射后1小时用直肠温度计测量体温。体温的下降表明对花生过敏。在从花生过敏小鼠中隔离血细胞后，使用装有27表、5/8英寸针头的1毫升胰岛素注射器，将1.5倍10至第七提取的过敏性飞毛腿注射到天真、不受污染的动物的尾静脉中。收养转移一天后，静脉注射200微升的阿拉h2抗原脂质体到每只接受过敏性飞溅细胞的BALB/c小鼠的尾静脉。注射脂体两周后，用 i.p 提升小鼠。注射可溶性 Ara h 2， 然后是 200 微升 Ara h 2 挑战第 61 天。然后，使用直肠探针每 15 分钟测量一次体温，如所证明的。蛋白质结合可以通过运行一种还原凝胶来证明与未结合的蛋白质相比，分子量增加。为了评估抗原脂体刺激的B细胞钙通量，请对活的单细胞进行闸门，以允许选择B220-阳性CD5阴性B细胞。然后可以分析印度-1紫罗兰与印度-1蓝色荧光的比例，以评估脂体诱导的B细胞活化量。ELISA对花生提取物敏化小鼠血清中的Ara h 2特异性IgE和IgG1进行定量，表明具有赋予敏感性的小鼠在血清中表现出可测量的Ara h 2特异性IgE和IgG1。Ara h 2 挑战期间记录的体温显示，过敏小鼠在挑战后表现出体温下降，而天真小鼠的体温保持不变。在尝试此程序时，重要的是要记住仔细跟踪脂质相关蛋白在脂质体中被纳入的量，因为太多的蛋白质会使挤出变得困难。按照这个程序，其他方法，如跟踪和排序过敏原特异性B和T细胞可以回答关于这些过敏原特异性细胞如何回应疗法的其他问题。这项技术将为过敏领域的研究人员探索利用这种小鼠模型对抗过敏性疾病的新免疫疗法铺平道路。不要忘记，使用霍乱毒素可能是危险的，使用指南应遵循您当地的机构生物安全标准。

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

IgY Technology: Extraction of Chicken Antibodies from Egg Yolk by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Precipitation

IgY Technology: Extraction of Chicken Antibodies from Egg Yolk by Polyethylene Glycol PEG Precipitation

IgY的技术：从蛋黄鸡抗体提取聚乙二醇（PEG）降水量

Hens can be immunized by means of  i.m. vaccination (Musculus pectoralis, left and right, injection volume  0.5-1.0 ml) or by means of Gene-Gun ...

科研

免疫与感染

Generation of Recombinant Arenavirus for Vaccine Development in FDA-Approved Vero Cells

在FDA批准的Vero细胞疫苗开发产生重组沙粒

The development and implementation of arenavirus reverse genetics represents a significant breakthrough in the arenavirus field  4. The use of cell-based ...

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins

有效生成荧光标记疫苗病毒蛋白的方法

Tagging of viral proteins with fluorescent  proteins has proven an indispensable approach to furthering our understanding  of virus-host interactions. ...

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells

从排序的永生B细胞产生的重组人IgG单克隆抗体

Finding new methods for generating human monoclonal antibodies is an active research field that is important for both basic and applied sciences, ...

Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology

鼠单克隆抗体的产生杂交瘤技术

Monoclonal antibodies are universal binding molecules and are widely used in biomedicine and research. Nevertheless, the generation of these binding ...

Flow Virometry to Analyze Antigenic Spectra of Virions and Extracellular Vesicles

流量Virometry来分析病毒颗粒的抗原谱和外囊泡

Cells release small extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the surrounding media. Upon virus infection cells also release virions that have the same size of ...

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

中和流感病毒单克隆抗体逃逸变种的产生

Influenza viruses exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt and evade the host immune response. One way is through antigenic changes that occur on the surface ...

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are powerful tools useful for both fundamental research and in biomedicine. Their high specificity is indispensable when the ...

Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Natural Products

针对天然产物的单克隆抗体的产生

The analysis of the bioactive components present in foods and natural products has become a popular area of study in many fields, including traditional ...

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics (DCAF)

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics DCAF

通过抗原肽和Fc-III三氧化二甲物的双功能结合阻断靶向抗体

Elimination of harmful antibodies from organisms is a valuable approach for the intervention of antibody-associated diseases, such as Dengue hemorrhagic ...