Name: catalytic scavenging of plant reactive oxygen species in vivo by anionic cerium oxide nanoparticles
Uploaded: 2018-08-26T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

이 작품은 캘리포니아 대학, 리버 사이드와 미국 농 무부 식품 및 농업, 해치 프로젝트 1009710 J.P.G.에 의해 지원 되었다 이 자료는 J.P.G.에 보조금 번호 1817363에서 국립 과학 재단에서 지 원하는 작업 기반

1. A. thaliana 식물 성장
<ol><li>5 cm x 5 cm 일회용 냄비에 뿌리 다 A. thaliana 씨앗 표준 토양 혼합 가득. 32 이러한 냄비의 물으로 채워진 플라스틱 쟁반에 넣어 (~ 0.5 c m 깊이)는 식물을 가진 플라스틱 트레이 식물 성장 챔버로 전송.<ol>
<li>다음과 같이 성장 챔버 설정을 설정: 200 µ / ms 광합성 활성 방사선 (파), 24 ± 1 ° C 일 및 21 ± 1 ° C 밤, 습도 60%, 및 14/10 h 주/야간 라이트 정권, 각각.</li>
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이 프로토콜에 우리 PNC 합성, 특성, 형광 염료 라벨, 및 그들의 비보에 선생님 청소 활동을 전시 식물 mesophyll 세포 내에서 나노 입자의 confocal 영상 설명 합니다. PNC는 세 륨 질산염 및 PAA 솔루션에서 수산화 암모늄의 혼합물에서 합성 됩니다. PNC 흡수 spectrophotomery와 맥주 Lamberts 법을 사용 하 여 결정 하는 농도 의해 특징. 제타 잠재적인 측정 엽록체8납품을 강화 하기 위한 PN...

세 륨 산화물 나노 입자 (nanoceria) 생물 공학 능력1,,23청소의 독특한 촉매 반응성 산소 종 (선생님) 때문에 기초 연구에서 널리 사용 됩니다. Nanoceria는 두 산화 상태 (Ce3 + 및 Ce4 +) 4,,56사이 대체 표면 산소 공석의 큰 숫자 때문에 능력을 청소 하는 선생님. Ce3 + 매달려 유대는 nanoscale에 격자 긴장 redox 반응7자전거를 통해 이러한 결함 사이트의 재생을 촉진 하는 동안 선생님을 효과적으로 청소. Nanoceria는 또한 최근 사용 되었습니다 공부 하 고 엔지니어링 공장 기능8,9. Abiotic 스트레스 식물 선생님, 지질, 단백질 및 DNA10산화 손상의 축적 경험. A. thaliana 식물, 높은 빛, 열, 및 재미 스트레스8에서 향상 된 식물 광합성에 리드 nanoceria 촉매 vivo에서 선생님의 청소. 토양도 밀 (Triticum aestivum)11;의 증가 촬영 바이오 매스 및 곡물 수율 적용 nanoceria nanoceria로 치료 하는 canola (브라 시카 napus) 식물 소금 스트레스12에서 더 높은 식물 바이오 매스에 있다.
Nanoceria는 bioengineers를 제공 하 고 식물 생물학 abiotic 스트레스 응답을 이해 하 고 식물 abiotic 스트레스 내성을 강화 하는 나노기술 기반 도구. 선생님 청소 기능 vivo에서 Nanoceria의 식물 종의 독립적인 있으며 식물 조직에 손쉬운 배달 모형 유기 체 이상으로 광범위 한 응용 프로그램을 사용 하도록 가능성이 있다. 다른 유전자 기반 메서드와 달리 nanoceria 청소 능력13높은 선생님에 대 한 항 산화 효소의 overexpression 공장 라인을 생성 필요 하지 않습니다. Nanoceria 식물의 잎 lamina 침투 연구소 기반 연구에 대 한 실용적인 접근 방법입니다.
이 프로토콜의 전체 목표 1) 합성 부정 청구 폴 리 (아크릴) 산 nanoceria (PNC)의 특성화, 2) 납품 및 리프 셀에 걸쳐 PNC의 추적 및 3)의 모니터링 PNC 기반 선생님 청소 에서 설명 하는 vivo. 이 프로토콜에서 부정 청구 폴 리 (아크릴) 산 nanoceria (PNC)는 합성 하 고 그들의 흡수 스펙트럼, 유체역학 직경, 및 잠재적인 제타 특징. 식물으로 잎 조직 PNC를 제공 하는 간단한 잎 lamina 침투 방법을 설명 합니다. 이미징에 대 한 vivo에서 mesophyll 셀 내에서 나노 분산의, 형광 염료 (DiI) 레이블을 PNC (DiI-PNC)과 공초점 형광 현미경 검사 법을 통해 나노 입자 관찰에 사용 되었다. 마지막으로, 우리는 vivo에서 confocal 현미경 검사 법을 통해 PNC 선생님 청소 모니터링 하는 방법을 설명 합니다.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">238538-100G</td>
			<td style="width:265px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Molecular Biology Grade Water, Corning</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">45001-044&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Falcon 50 mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">14-959-49A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Poly (acrylic acid) 1,800 Mw</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">323667-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Fisherbrand Digital Vortex Mixer</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">02-215-370</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Fisherbrand Digital Vortex Mixer Accessory, Insert Retainer</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">02-215-391</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Fisherbrand Digital Vortex Mixer Accessories: Foam Insert Set</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">02-215-395</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Ammonium hydroxide solution</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">05002-1L</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">PYREX Griffin Beakers, Graduated, Corning</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">13912-149&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">RCT basic</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">IKA</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">3810001</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Eppendorf Microcentrifuge 5424</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">80094-126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Amicon Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter Units</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Millipore-Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">UFC901024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Allegra X-30 Series Benchtop Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">B06314</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">UV-2600 Sptecrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Shimadzu</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">UV-2600 120V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">BD Disposable Syringes with Luer-Lok Tips</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">1,1&#8242;-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3&#8242;,3&#8242;-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Magnesium chloride</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Air-Tite All-Plastic Norm-Ject Syringe</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Perfluorodecalin</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Micro Cover Glasses, Square, No. 1</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Leica Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope TCS SP5</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">2&#8242;,7&#8242;-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">D6883-250MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Dihydroethidium</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">D7008-10MG</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Fisherbrand Premium Microcentrifuge Tubes: 1.5 mL</td>
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			<td style="width:165px;">05-408-129</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Eppendorf Uvette cuvettes</td>
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			<td style="width:165px;">Z605050-80EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:567px;">Chlorophyll meter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Konica Minolta</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">SPAD-502</td>
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</table>

catalytic scavenging of plant reactive oxygen species in vivo by anionic cerium oxide nanoparticles

반응성 산소 종 (ROS) 축적 식물 abiotic 스트레스 반응의 특징 이다. 선생님 신호 수준 낮은 분자 및 높은 수준에서 분자를 손상 하 여 식물에는 이중 역할을 재생 합니다. 스트레스 식물에 선생님의 축적 대사, 효소, 지질, 및 식물 성장과 수확량의 감소를 일으키는 원인이 되는 DNA 손상 수 있습니다. 세 륨 산화물 나노 입자 (nanoceria)의 능력을 촉매로 선생님에서 vivo에서 청소는 독특한 도구 이해를 bioengineer 공장 abiotic 스트레스 관용을 제공 합니다. 여기, 선물이 합성 및 폴 리 (아크릴) 산 성 코팅된 nanoceria (PNC) 특성화, 식물 잎 lamina 침투를 통해 나노 인터페이스 및 그들의 분포와 선생님에서 vivo에서 confocal 사용 하 여 청소 하는 프로토콜 현미경 검사 법입니다. 식물에 선생님 축적을 조작 하기 위한 현재 분자 도구 모델 종으로 제한 하 고 힘 드는 변환 방법이 필요로. Vivo에서 선생님 청소에 대 한이 프로토콜 애기 thaliana같은 잎 구조와 넓은 잎 야생 타입 식물에 적용 될 가능성이 있다.

PNC 합성 및 특성 . PNC 종합 되었다 하 고 정화 방법을 프로토콜 섹션 2에서 설명 하는 다음 특징. 그림 1 A 세 륨 질산염, PAA, 세 륨 질산염 및 PAA, PNC의 혼합물의 솔루션의 채색을 보여 줍니다. PNC 합성 후 흰색에서 밝은 노란색 색상 변화를 볼 수 있다. 10 kDa 필터 정화, 후 피츠버그 대 일 분 광 광도와 특징 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

식물 반응 산소 종에서 Vivo에서 음이온 세 륨 산화물 나노 입자의 촉매 청소

여기, 선물이 vivo에서confocal 현미경 검사 법, 그리고 비보에 의해 식물 조직에서 이미징 nanoceria 청소 합성 및 선생님 (반응성 산소 종)에 대 한 세 륨 산화물 나노 입자 (nanoceria)의 특성에 대 한 프로토콜 nanoceria 선생님 confocal 현미경 검사 법에 의해 청소의 모니터링.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is a hallmark of plant abiotic stress response. ROS play&#160;a dual role in plants by acting as signaling ...

The ability of cerium oxide nanoparticles to catalytically scavenge reactive oxygen species in vivo provides a unique tool to understand and engineer mechanisms of plant signaling and tolerance to stress. Reactive oxygen species play a key role in plants by acting as signal molecules at low levels and damaging molecules at high levels. The main advantage of this technique is the potential to be applied to diverse wild type plant species with broad leaves and leaf structure, like Arabidopsis thaliana.After growing the Arabidopsis thaliana plants, weigh out 1.08 grams of Cerium nitrate and dissolve it in 2.5 milliliters of biology-grade water in a 50-milliliter conical tube. Weigh out 4.5 grams of Poly acid and dissolve it in five milliliters of biology-grade water in a different 50-milliliter conical tube. Combine these two solutions and then use a digital vortex mixer to mix them thoroughly at 2, 000 rpm for 15 minutes.In a fume hood, transfer 15 milliliters of a 7.2-molar ammonium hydroxide solution to a 50-milliliter glass beaker. Begin stirring at 500 rpm and at room temperature. Add the Cerium nitrate and Poly acid mixture drop wise.Cover the beaker with a piece of paper to prevent substantial loss of the solution and let it stir for 24 hours. After this, transfer the resulting solution to a 50-milliliter conical tube. Centrifuge at 3, 900 times g for one hour to remove any debris or large agglomerates.Then, transfer the supernatant into three 50-milliliter, 10-kilodalton filters. Fill the remainder of each filter with molecular-grade water, resulting in a total dilution of 45 milliliters. Centrifuge at 3, 900 times g for 15 minutes.Repeat this process at least six times. Using a UV-vis spectrophotometer, measure the absorbance of each eluent from 220 nanometers to 700 nanometers to ensure that no free polymers or other reagents are present in the final PNC solution. Use a five-milliliter syringe to take up the collected PNC solution.Next, filter the solution against a 20-nanometer pore-sized syringe filter and collect the filtered solution in a 50-milliliter conical tube. Transfer a diluted final PNC solution into a plastic cuvette and measure its absorbance from 220 nanometers to 700 nanometers. Using a particle sizer, measure the hydrodynamic diameter of the synthesized PNC, then store the final PNC solution in a refrigerator at four degrees Celsius until ready to use.After labeling the PNC with DiI fluorescent dye, transfer 0.9 milliliters of a solution containing 0.5 millimolar of either the PNC solution or the DiI-PNC solution to a tube. Add 0.1 milliliter of infiltration buffer and mix by vortexing. Prepare a 10-millimolar TES infiltration buffer as a negative control.Next, transfer 0.2 milliliters of the sample and buffer mixture to a one-milliliter sterile needleless syringe. Tap to remove any possible air bubbles. Just before infiltration, retrieve the plant from the growth chamber.Using a chlorophyll meter, measure the chlorophyll content in the A.thaliana leaves. Measure each leaf with three replicates as outlined in the text protocol. Choose leaves with similar chlorophyll content.Gently press the tip of the needleless syringe against the bottom of the leaf lamina and depress the plunger to infiltrate the leaves. Using a delicate task wiper, gently wipe off any excess solution that remains on the surface of the leaf lamina, then label the plant. Keep the infiltrated plants on the bench to incubate for three hours.First, place a pea-sized amount of observation gel onto a glass slide, roll the gel and spread it out until it is approximately two centimeters in diameter and one millimeter thick. Using a cork borer with a diameter of 0.3 centimeters, cut out a circular section in the center of the gel to create a well. Fill the well completely with PFD, which will provide a deeper and better confocal imaging resolution.Then, use a cork borer with a diameter of 0.2 centimeters to collect leaf disks from the previously-infiltrated A.thaliana plants. Mount each leaf disk in a PFD-filled well with the infiltrated side facing up. After this, place a square cover slip on top of the leaf disk.Press gently and evenly on the cover slip to seal with the well of observation gel and ensure that no air bubbles remain trapped. To begin, prepare 25 micromolar of H2DCFDA dye and 10 micromolar of DHE dye in TES infiltration buffer in separate 1.5-milliliter microcentrifuge tubes. Using a cork borer with a diameter of 0.2 centimeters, collect leaf disks from the adapted PNC-infiltrated A.thaliana plants.Use the sharp tip of forceps to make three to four holes on each leaf disk to accelerate the dye-loading process. Next, load an equal amount of leaf disks into each dye tube. Incubate in darkness for 30 minutes.After this, rinse the leaf disks with double-distilled water three times. Use observation gel to mount each leaf to a glass slide as previously described. Load the slide on a confocal microscope and manually focus to a region of leaf mesophyl cells as outlined in the text protocol, then expose the leaf disks to a UVA laser at 405 nanometers for three minutes to generate ROS.Record the ROS signal intensity change in time series per leaf disk. Image the leaf disk using a 40X water objective and the confocal microscope settings shown here. Use a plant infiltrated with only infiltration buffer solution as the negative control.After purification, the synthesized PNC is characterized using a UV-vis spectrophotometer and is seen to have a peak of absorbance at 271 nanometers. The purification process is confirmed by measuring the final eluent. PNC samples are then labeled with a fluorescent DiI dye to determine the distribution of the nanoparticles in vivo.Three peaks are observed for the DiI-labeled PNC, while a measurement of the final eluent confirms that the non-reacted chemicals are washed out during purification. The distribution of DiI-PNC in leaf mesophyl cells is determined via confocal imaging. While no DiI dye signals are detected in the control samples the DiI-PNC is observed co-localized with chloroplasts in the infiltrated leaves.In vivo ROS scavenging enabled by PNC is monitored in the leaf disk by measuring the fluorescence intensity changes in the DHE and DCF dyes. After three minutes of UV stress, the PNC-infiltrated leaves show significantly less intensity for both dye types when compared to the no-nanoparticle buffer control. A CAT mimetic activity assay reveals a decrease in the resorufin level in the mixture containing PNC.This level is indicative of the hydrogen peroxide level, which therefore is also decreasing, and confirms the CAT mimetic activity of the synthesized PNC. This protocol for synthesizing nanoceria is a simple, stepwise procedure that generates cerium oxide nanoparticles with controlled size, charge, and ROS scavenging abilities. Plant genetic modification methods for ROS manipulation in vivo are currently limited to plant model species.In contrast, nanoceria ROS scavenging has the potential to be applied to diverse wild type plant species both in the laboratory and in the field.

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Bioengineering

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

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