Name: genetic incorporation of biosynthesized l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and its application to protein conjugation
Uploaded: 2018-08-24T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA and Its Application to Protein Conjugation at JoVE.com

Denna forskning stöddes av globala Frontier forskningsprogrammet (NRF-2015M3A6A8065833), och grundläggande vetenskap forskningsprogrammet (2018R1A6A1A03024940) genom den nationella Research Foundation i Korea (NRF) finansieras av Korea regeringen.

1. plasmid konstruktion
<ol><li>Konstruera ett uttryck plasmid (pBAD-dual-TPL-GFP-WT) som uttrycker genen TPL från Citrobakter freundii under kontroll av en konstitutiva promotorn och grönt fluorescerande protein (GFP) genen med en hans6-tagg under kontroll av den araBAD initiativtagare. För pBAD-dual-TPL-GFP-E90TAG, Ersätt Codonen för webbplatsen (E90) av DOPA med en bärnstensfärgad kodon (TAG), använder en webbplats riktad mutagenes protokoll. Detaljer för byggandet av denna plasmid beskr...

<ol>
	<li>Nagatsu, T., Levitt, M., Udenfriend, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tyrosine+hydroxylase:+The+initial+step+in+norepinephrine+biosynthesis.">Tyrosine hydroxylase: The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 239, 2910-2917 (1964).</li><li>Pinder, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Possible+dopamine+derivatives+capable+of+crossing+the+blood-brain+barrier+in+relation+to+parkinsonism.">Possible dopamine derivatives capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier in relation to parkinsonism.</a> Nature. 228 (5269), 358 (1970).</li><li>Waite, J. H., Tanzer, M. 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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mini-review:+The+role+of+redox+in+DOPA-mediated+marine+adhesion.">Mini-review: The role of redox in DOPA-mediated marine adhesion.</a> Biofouling. 28 (8), 865-877 (2012).</li><li>Silverman, H. G., Roberto, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+marine+mussel+adhesion.">Understanding marine mussel adhesion.</a> Marine Biotechnology. 9 (6), 661-681 (2007).</li><li>Lee, B. P., Messersmith, P. B., Israelachvili, J. N., Waite, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mussel-inspired+adhesives+and+coatings.">Mussel-inspired adhesives and coatings.</a> Annual Review of Materials Research. 41, 99-132 (2011).</li><li>Umeda, A., Thibodeux, G. N., Zhu, J., Lee, Y., Zhang, Z. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Site-specific+protein+cross-linking+with+genetically+incorporated+3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.">Site-specific protein cross-linking with genetically incorporated 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.</a> ChemBioChem. 10 (8), 1302-1304 (2009).</li><li>Umeda, A., Thibodeux, G. N., Moncivais, K., Jiang, F., Zhang, Z. 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J., Kodadek, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periodate-triggered+cross-linking+of+DOPA-containing+peptide-protein+complexes.">Periodate-triggered cross-linking of DOPA-containing peptide-protein complexes.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 126 (37), 11442-11443 (2004).</li><li>Borrmann, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strain-promoted+oxidation-controlled+cyclooctyne-1,2-quinone+cycloaddition+(SPOCQ)+for+fast+and+activatable+protein+conjugation.">Strain-promoted oxidation-controlled cyclooctyne-1,2-quinone cycloaddition (SPOCQ) for fast and activatable protein conjugation.</a> Bioconjugate Chemistry. 26 (2), 257-261 (2015).</li><li>Ayyadurai, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+selective,+sensitive,+and+reversible+biosensor+by+the+genetic+incorporation+of+a+metal-binding+site+into+green+fluorescent+protein.">Development of a selective, sensitive, and reversible biosensor by the genetic incorporation of a metal-binding site into green fluorescent protein.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (29), 6534-6537 (2011).</li><li>Kim, B. J., Cheong, H., Hwang, B. H., Cha, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mussel-inspired+protein+nanoparticles+containing+iron(III)-DOPA+complexes+for+pH-responsive+drug+delivery.">Mussel-inspired protein nanoparticles containing iron(III)-DOPA complexes for pH-responsive drug delivery.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (25), 7318-7322 (2015).</li><li>Alfonta, L., Zhang, Z., Uryu, S., Loo, J. A., Schultz, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Site-specific+incorporation+of+a+redox-active+amino+acid+into+proteins.">Site-specific incorporation of a redox-active amino acid into proteins.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (48), 14662-14663 (2003).</li><li>Kim, S., Sung, B. H., Kim, S. C., Lee, H. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+incorporation+of+L-dihydroxyphenylalanine+(DOPA)+biosynthesized+by+a+tyrosine+phenol-lyase.">Genetic incorporation of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) biosynthesized by a tyrosine phenol-lyase.</a> Chemical Communications. 54 (24), 3002-3005 (2018).</li><li>Young, T. S., Ahmad, I., Yin, J. A., Schultz, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+enhanced+system+for+unnatural+amino+acid+mutagenesis+in+E.+coli.">An enhanced system for unnatural amino acid mutagenesis in E. coli.</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 395 (2), 361-374 (2010).</li><li>Studier, F. 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A protocol for MALDI-MS peptide analysis in proteomics.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 73 (3), 434-438 (2001).</li><li>Mukai, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+reproductive+Escherichia+coli+cells+with+no+specific+assignment+to+the+UAG+codon.">Highly reproductive Escherichia coli cells with no specific assignment to the UAG codon.</a> Scientific Reports. 5, 9699 (2015).</li><li>Lajoie, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genomically+recoded+organisms+expand+biological+functions.">Genomically recoded organisms expand biological functions.</a> Science. 342 (6156), 357-360 (2013).</li><li>Bryson, D. 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I detta protokoll beskrivs biosyntes och direkt införlivande av DOPA. Den bakteriella cellen som används i den här metoden kan syntetisera en ytterligare aminosyra och använda den som en onaturlig byggsten för proteinsyntesen. Genetiska införlivandet av onaturliga aminosyror har varit en nyckel-teknologi för utveckling av onaturliga organism med en utökad genetiska kod. Men denna metod har varit tekniskt ofullständig och håller på att ändras för att förbättra införlivandet effektiviteten och minimera stö...

L-dopa är en aminosyra som är involverad i biosyntesen av katekolaminer i djur och växter. Denna aminosyra är syntetiserade från Tyr av tyrosin hydroxylas och molekylärt syre (O2)1. Eftersom L-dopa är en förelöpare till dopamin och kan genomsyra den blood - brain barriären, har det använts för behandling av Parkinsons sjukdom2. DOPA finns även i mussla vidhäftning proteiner (MAPs), som ansvarar för de vidhäftande egenskaperna av musslor i våta förhållanden3,4,5,6,7. Tyr är ursprungligen kodad på positioner där DOPA finns i kartor och omvandlas sedan till DOPA med tyrosinases8,9. På grund av dess intressanta biokemiska egenskaper, har DOPA använts i en mängd tillämpningar. Gruppen dihydroxyl av DOPA är kemiskt benägna att oxidation och aminosyran omvandlas enkelt till L-dopaquinone, en föregångare av melanins. På grund av dess höga elektrofilicitet, har L-dopaquinone och dess derivat använts för crosslinking och konjugation med tioler och aminer10,11,12,13. 1,2-kinoner kan också fungera som en Dien för cykloadditionen reaktioner och har använts för bioconjugation av stam-främjas för oxidation-kontrollerade cyclooctyne-1,2-quinone (SPOCQ) cykloadditionen14. Dessutom gruppen dihydroxyl kan kelat metalljoner såsom Fe3 + och Cu2 +, och proteiner som innehåller DOPA har utnyttjats för drogen leverans och metall Jon avkänning15,16.
L-dopa har genetiskt införlivas proteiner med hjälp av en ortogonal aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) och aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetasen (aaRS) par17 och används för protein konjugering och crosslinking10,det11, 12,13. I denna rapport beskrivs experimentella resultat och protokoll för genetiska införlivandet av DOPA biosyntetiseras från billiga utgångsmaterial och dess tillämpningar till bioconjugation. L-dopa är biosyntetiseras använder en TPL och start från katekol, pyruvat och ammoniak i Escherichia coli. Biosyntetiseras DOPA är direkt införlivat proteiner genom att uttrycka en utvecklad aa-tRNA och aaRS par för DOPA. Dessutom är proteinet biosyntetiseras innehållande DOPA anläggningsvis konjugerat med en fluorescerande sond och tvärbundna att producera protein oligomerer. Detta protokoll kommer att vara användbart för protein forskare, att biosynthesize muterade proteiner som innehåller DOPA och konjugat proteinerna med biokemiska sonder eller läkemedel för industriella och farmaceutiska tillämpningar.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">1. Plasmid Construction</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">Plasmid pBAD-dual-TPL-GFP-E90TAG</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td>optionally contain the amber stop codon(TAG) at a desired position. Ko, W. et al. Efficient and Site-Specific Antibody Labeling by Strain-promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. BKCS. 36 (9), 2352-2354, doi: 10.1002/bkcs.10423, (2015)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Plasmid pEvol-DHPRS2</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td>1. Young, T. S., Ahmad, I., Yin, J. A., and Schultz, P. G. An enhanced system for unnatural amino acid mutagenesis in E. coli. J. Mol. Biol. 395 (2), 361-374, doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.10.030, (2010) 2. Kim, S., Sung, B. H., Kim, S. C., Lee, H. S. Genetic incorporation of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) biosynthesized by a tyrosine phenol-lyase. Chem. Commun. 54 (24), 3002-3005, doi: 10.1039/c8cc00281a (2018).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">DH10&#946;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">C6400-03</td>
			<td>Expression Host</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Plasmid Mini-prep kit</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Nucleogen</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">5112</td>
			<td>200/pack</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Intron biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">32034</td>
			<td>500 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Ethidium bromide</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">L07482</td>
			<td>1 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">LB Broth</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">BD Difco</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">244620</td>
			<td>500 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:596px;">2. Culture preparation</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:596px;">2.1) Electroporation</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Micro pulser&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">BIO-RAD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">165-2100</td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Micro pulser cuvette</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">BIO-RAD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">165-2089</td>
			<td style="width:339px;">0.1 cm electrode gap, pkg. of 50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Ampicillin Sodium</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">018-10372</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Chloramphenicol</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">B20841</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Agar</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">214230</td>
			<td>500 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">SOC medium</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">S1797</td>
			<td>100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">3. Expression and Purification of GFP-E90DOPA by biosynthetic system</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:596px;">3.1 Expression of GFP-E90DOPA by biosynthetic system</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L(+)-Arabinose, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Acros</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">104981000</td>
			<td>100 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Pyrocatechol, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">P1387</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Ammonium sulfate, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">A0943</td>
			<td>500 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">pyruvic acid, 98%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">A13875</td>
			<td>100 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Sodium phosphate dibasic, anhydrous, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">S0891</td>
			<td>1 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Potassium phophate, monobasic, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">P1127</td>
			<td>1 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Magnesium sulfate, anhydrous, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">M0146</td>
			<td>1 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">D(+)-Glucose, anhydrous, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">D0092</td>
			<td>500 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Glycerol, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">G0269</td>
			<td>1 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Trace metal mix a5 with co</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">92949</td>
			<td>25 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Proline, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">P1257</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Phenylalanine, 98.5%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">P1982</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Tryptophane</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">JUNSEI</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">49550-0310</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">L-Arginine, 98%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">A1149</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Glutamine, 98%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">JUNSEI</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">27340-0310</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Asparagine monohydrate, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">A1198</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Methionine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">JUNSEI</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">73190-0410</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">H0604</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Threonine, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">T2938</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Leucine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">JUNSEI</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">87070-0310</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Glycine, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">G0286</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Glutamic acid, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">G0233</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Alanine, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">A1543</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Isoleucine, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">I1049</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Valine, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">V0088</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Serine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">S2447</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Aspartic acid</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">A1205</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">L-Lysine monohydrochloride, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">L0592</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">3.2 Cell lysis</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Imidazole, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">I0578</td>
			<td>1kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Sodium phosphate monobasic, 98%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">S0919</td>
			<td>1 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Sodium Chloride, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">S2907</td>
			<td>1 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">Ultrasonic Processor - 150 microliters to 150 milliliters</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SONIC &#38; MATERIALS</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">VCX130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">3.3 Ni-NTA Affinity Chromatography</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Ni-NTA resin</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">QIAGEN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">30210</td>
			<td>25 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">Polypropylene column</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">QIAGEN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">34924</td>
			<td>50/pack, 1 mL capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:596px;">4. Oligomerization of Purified GFP-E90DOPA&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">Sodium periodate, 99.8&#38;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Acros</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">419610050</td>
			<td>5 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:596px;">5. Conjugation of GFP-E90DOPA with an Alkyne Probe by Strain-Promoted Oxidation-Controlled Cyclooctyne&#8211;1,2-Quinone Cycloaddition (SPOCQ)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">Cy5.5-ADIBO&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">FutureChem</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">FC-6119</td>
			<td>1mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">6. Purification of Labeled GFP</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">Amicon Ultra 0.5 mL Centrifugal Filters</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">MILLIPORE</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">UFC500396</td>
			<td>96/pack, 500ul capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">7. SDS-PAGE Analysis and Fluorescence Gel Scanning</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">1,4-Dithio-DL-threitol, DTT, 99.5 %</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">10708984001</td>
			<td>10 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer, 4X</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Thermofisher</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NP0007</td>
			<td>10 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">MES running buffer</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Thermofisher</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NP0002</td>
			<td>500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Nupage Novex 4-12% SDS PAGE gels</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Thermofisher</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NO0321</td>
			<td>12 well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">031-17922</td>
			<td>25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">G:BOX Chemi Fluorescent &#38; Chemiluminescent Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Syngene</td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td>G BOX Chemi XT4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:596px;">8. MALDI-TOF MS analysis by Trypsin Digestion</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:596px;">8.1 Preparation of the digested peptide sample by trypsin digestion</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">T1351</td>
			<td>500 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Hydrochloric acid, 35~37%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">H0256</td>
			<td>500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, 85%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">D1070</td>
			<td>250 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Iodoacetamide</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">I6125</td>
			<td>5 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:596px;">Trypsin Protease, MS Grade</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Thermofisher</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">90057</td>
			<td>5 x 20 &#181;g/pack</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">C-18 spin columns</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Thermofisher</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">89870</td>
			<td>25/pack, 200 &#181;L capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:596px;">8.2 Analysis of the digested peptide by MALDI-TOF</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Acetonitirile, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">A0125</td>
			<td>500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">&#945;-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">C2020</td>
			<td>10 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Trifluoroacetic acid, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SAMCHUN</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">T1666</td>
			<td>100 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">MTP 384 target plate ground steel BC targets</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">8280784</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:596px;">Bruker Autoflex Speed MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

genetic incorporation of biosynthesized l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and its application to protein conjugation

L-dihydroxifenylalanin (L-dopa) är en aminosyra som finns i biosyntesen av katekolaminer i djur och växter. På grund av dess särskilda biokemiska egenskaper har aminosyran flera användningsområden i biokemiska tillämpningar. Denna rapport beskriver ett protokoll för genetiska införlivandet av biosyntetiseras DOPA och dess tillämpning på protein konjugation. L-dopa är biosyntetiseras av en tyrosin fenol-lyasen (TPL) från katekol, pyruvat och ammoniak, och aminosyran är direkt införlivad med proteiner av metoden genetiska inkorporering med hjälp av en utvecklad aminoacyl-tRNA och aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetasen par. Detta direkta inkorporering system inlemmar effektivt DOPA med lite införlivandet av andra naturliga aminosyror och med bättre protein avkastning än det tidigare genetiska inkorporering systemet för DOPA. Protein konjugering med DOPA-innehållande proteiner är effektiv och platsspecifika och visar dess användbarhet för olika applikationer. Detta protokoll ger protein forskare med detaljerade förfaranden för effektiv biosyntesen av muterade proteiner som innehåller DOPA på önskad webbplatser och deras konjugation för industriella och farmaceutiska tillämpningar.

Uttryck systemet för direkt inkorporeringen av DOPA biosyntetiseras från en TPL visas i figur 1. Gener för utvecklade aa-tRNA och aaRS paret placeras i en plasmid, och den GFP-genen (GFP-E90TAG) som innehåller en bärnstensfärgad kodon på plats 90 ligger i en annan plasmiden att utvärdera införlivandet av DOPA av GFP fluorescens. TPL genen placeras i samma uttryck plasmiden innehållande GFP-genen och konstitutivt uttryckta för att maximera avkastnin...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA and Its Application to Protein Conjugation at JoVE.com

Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA and Its Application to Protein Conjugation

Genetiska införlivandet av biosyntetiseras L-dihydroxifenylalanin (DOPA) och dess tillämpning på Protein konjugation

Här presenterar vi ett protokoll för genetiska införlivandet av L-dihydroxifenylalanin biosyntetiseras från enkla utgångsmaterial och dess tillämpning på protein konjugation.

L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is an amino acid found in the biosynthesis of catecholamines in animals and plants. Because of its particular biochemical ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Genetic Incorporation of Biosynthesized L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and Its Application to Protein Conjugation

A Protein Preparation Method for the High-throughput Identification of Proteins Interacting with a Nuclear Cofactor Using LC-MS/MS Analysis

Ett protein framställningsmetod för hög kapacitet Identifiering av proteiner interagerar med en kärnteknisk Cofactor Använda LC-MS / MS-analys

Transcriptional coregulators are vital to the efficient transcriptional regulation of nuclear chromatin structure. Coregulators play a variety of roles in ...

Preparation of Keratin Hydrolysate from Chicken Feathers and Its Application in Cosmetics

Beredning av Keratin hydrolysat från kyckling fjädrar och dess tillämpning i kosmetika

Keratin hydrolysates (KHs) are established standard components in hair cosmetics. Understanding the moisturizing effects of KH is advantageous for ...

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

Hög känslighet mätning av transkription faktorn-DNA bindande samhörighet genom konkurrenskraftiga titrering med fluorescensmikroskopi

Accurate quantification of transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions is essential for understanding the regulation of gene expression. Since existing ...

Analysis of Protein Folding, Transport, and Degradation in Living Cells by Radioactive Pulse Chase

Analys av proteinveckning, Transport och nedbrytning i levande celler av radioaktiva puls Chase

Radioactive pulse-chase labeling is a powerful tool for studying the conformational maturation, the transport to their functional cellular location, and ...

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Application of Biolayer Interferometry BLI for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Tillämpning av Biolayer interferometri (BLI) för att studera protein-proteininteraktioner vid transkription

A transcription factor&#160;(TF) is a protein that regulates gene expression by interacting with the RNA polymerase, another TF, and/or template DNA. GrgA ...

PeptiQuick, a One-Step Incorporation of Membrane Proteins into Biotinylated Peptidiscs for Streamlined Protein Binding Assays

PeptiQuick, en enstegs inkorporering av membranproteiner i biotinylerade Peptidiscs för strömlinjeformade Proteinbindnings analyser

Membrane proteins, including transporters, channels, and receptors, constitute nearly one-fourth of the cellular proteome and over half of current drug ...

Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library

Att skapa mycket specifika kemiskt inducerad Proteindimeriseringssystem genom stegvis val av ett kombinatoriskt Endomänsantikroppsbibliotek

Protein dimerization events that occur only in the presence of a small-molecule ligand enable the development of small-molecule biosensors for the ...

JUMPn: A Streamlined Application for Protein Co-Expression Clustering and Network Analysis in Proteomics

JUMPn: En strömlinjeformad applikation för protein-samuttryckskluster och nätverksanalys inom proteomik

With recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies, deep profiling of hundreds of proteomes has become increasingly feasible. ...

Exploring Biomolecular Interaction Between the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 and Its Client Protein Kinase Cdc37 using Field-Effect Biosensing Technology

Utforska biomolekylär interaktion mellan molekylär chaperon Hsp90 och dess klientproteinkinas Cdc37 med hjälp av fälteffektbiosensingteknik

Biomolecular interactions play versatile roles in numerous cellular processes&#160;by regulating and coordinating functionally relevant biological events. ...

Pulldown Assay Coupled with Co-Expression in Bacteria Cells as a Time-Efficient Tool for Testing Challenging Protein-Protein Interactions

Pulldown-analys i kombination med samuttryck i bakterieceller som ett tidseffektivt verktyg för att testa utmanande protein-proteininteraktioner

Pulldown is an easy and widely used protein-protein interaction assay. However, it has limitations in studying protein complexes that do not assemble ...