Name: scalable stamp printing and fabrication of hemiwicking surfaces
Uploaded: 2018-12-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Scalable Stamp Printing and Fabrication of Hemiwicking Surfaces at JoVE.com

这些材料是根据美国海军研究办公室根据第1号批准部分赞助的研究编写的。n00014-15-1-2481 和国家科学基金会根据1653396号赠款。本文所包含的观点和结论是作者的观点和结论, 不应解释为必然代表官方政策或美国海军研究办公室、国家科学基金会或美国政府。

1. 创建图案地图
<ol><li>使用图形编辑器, 为表示为位图图像的半排裁结构创建所需的模式。 注: 某些排汗设计参数 (即角度渐变、深度渐变) 可以根据分配给每个像素的灰度值进行。然后编辑这些灰度值, 以修改所需的参数。</li>
	<li>将位图另存为便携式网络图形 (. png), 并将文件放在随时可用的文件夹中。</li>
</ol>2. 放置塑料, 用于成型
<ol><li>首先将冲压位从工作区中翻...

<ol>
	<li>Plawsky, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nano-+and+Micro-structures+for+Thin+Film+Evaporation+-+A+Review.">Nano- and Micro-structures for Thin Film Evaporation - A Review.</a> Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering. 18, 251-269 (2014).</li><li>Derjaguin, B. V., Churaev, N. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+question+of+determining+the+concept+of+disjoining+pressure+and+its+role+in+the+equilibrium+and+flow+of+thin+films.">On the question of determining the concept of disjoining pressure and its role in the equilibrium and flow of thin films.</a> Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 66, 389 (1978).</li><li>Ma, H. B., Cheng, P., Borgmeyer, B., Wang, Y. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluid+flow+and+heat+transfer+in+the+evaporating+thin+film+region.">Fluid flow and heat transfer in the evaporating thin film region.</a> Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. 4 (3), 237-243 (2008).</li><li>Hohmann, C., Stephan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscale+temperature+measurement+at+an+evaporating+liquid+meniscus.">Microscale temperature measurement at an evaporating liquid meniscus.</a> Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 26 (2-4), 157-162 (2002).</li><li>Potask, M., Wayner, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaporation+from+a+two-dimensional+extended+meniscus.">Evaporation from a two-dimensional extended meniscus.</a> International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer. 15 (10), 1851-1863 (1972).</li><li>Panchamgam, S. S., Plawsky, J. L., Wayner, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscale+heat+transfer+in+an+evaporating+moving+extended+meniscus.">Microscale heat transfer in an evaporating moving extended meniscus.</a> Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 30 (8), 745-754 (2006).</li><li>Arends, A. A., Germain, T. M., Owens, J. F., Putnam, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+Reflectometry+and+Interferometry+for+Measuring+Thin-film+Thickness+and+Curvature.">Simultaneous Reflectometry and Interferometry for Measuring Thin-film Thickness and Curvature.</a> Review of Scientific Instruments. 89 (5), (2018).</li><li>Zhu, Y., Antao, D. S., Lu, Z., Somasundaram, S., Zhang, T., Wang, E. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prediction+and+characterization+of+dry+out+heat+flux+in+micropillar+wick+structures.">Prediction and characterization of dry out heat flux in micropillar wick structures.</a> Langmuir. 32 (7), 1920-1927 (2016).</li><li>Kim, J., Moon, M. W., Kim, H. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+hemiwicking.">Dynamics of hemiwicking.</a> Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 800, 57-71 (2016).</li><li>Ding, C., Soni, G., Bozorgi, P., Meinhart, C. D., MacDonald, N. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wicking+Study+of+Nanostructured+Titania+Surfaces+for+Flat+Heat+Pipes.">Wicking Study of Nanostructured Titania Surfaces for Flat Heat Pipes.</a> Nanotech Conference &amp; Expo. , (2009).</li><li>Chen, R., Lu, M. C., Srinivasan, V., Wang, Z., Cho, H. H., Majumdar, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanowires+for+Enhanced+Boiling+Heat+Transfer.">Nanowires for Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer.</a> Nano Letters. 9 (2), 548-553 (2009).</li><li>Kim, B. S., Choi, G., Shim, D., Kim, K. M., Cho, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+roughening+for+hemi-wicking+and+its+impact+on+convective+boiling+heat+transfer.">Surface roughening for hemi-wicking and its impact on convective boiling heat transfer.</a> International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 102, 1100-1107 (2016).</li><li>Mikkelsen, M. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+deposition+of+sol-gel+sensor+material+using+hemiwicking.">Controlled deposition of sol-gel sensor material using hemiwicking.</a> Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 21 (11), (2011).</li><li>Haatainen, T., Ahopelto, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pattern+Transfer+using+Step&amp;Stamp+Imprint+Lithography.">Pattern Transfer using Step&amp;Stamp Imprint Lithography.</a> Physica Scripta. 67 (4), 357-360 (2003).</li><li>Chou, S. Y., Krauss, P. R., Renstrom, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoimprint+lithography.">Nanoimprint lithography.</a> Journal of vacuum Science &amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena. 14 (6), 4129 (1996).</li><li>Pozzato, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superhydrophobic+surfaces+fabricated+by+nanoprint+lithography.">Superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated by nanoprint lithography.</a> Microelectronic Engineering. 83 (4-9), 884-888 (2006).</li><li>Nair, R. P., Zou, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface-nano-texturing+by+aluminum-induced+crystallization+of+amorphous+silicon.">Surface-nano-texturing by aluminum-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon.</a> Surface and Coatings Technology. 203 (5-7), 675-679 (2008).</li><li>Ashby, P. D., Lieber, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-sensitive+Imaging+and+Interfacial+Analysis+of+Patterned+Hydrophilic+SAM+Surfaces+Using+Energy+Dissipation+Chemical+Force+Microscopy.">Ultra-sensitive Imaging and Interfacial Analysis of Patterned Hydrophilic SAM Surfaces Using Energy Dissipation Chemical Force Microscopy.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127 (18), 6814-6818 (2005).</li></ol>

介绍了一种用于半抽吸结构的图案柱阵的方法;这是通过在塑料晶片上留下凹槽, 并带有雕刻装置, 该雕刻装置遵循用户创建的位图图案来实现。然后, pdms 混合物通过沉积进行浇注、固化和涂覆一层铝薄膜。可以根据此协议下的位图中分配的灰度值自定义支柱数组特征。图案的这一关键方面可以创建广泛的可能的排汗结构来测试, 可用于各种应用, 包括薄膜研究和热系统的直接应用。代?...

最近, 人们越来越感兴趣能够主动和被动地控制液体的润湿、蒸发和混合。独特的纹理半湿滑表面为冷却技术提供了一种新的解决方案, 因为这些纹理表面起到流体 (和/或热) 泵的作用, 没有运动部件。这种流体运动是由与液体薄膜的动态曲率相关的毛细管作用事件的级联驱动的。一般来说, 当液体使固体表面变湿时, 弯曲的液体薄膜 (即液体半月板) 会迅速形成。流体厚度和曲率分布不断变化, 直到达到自由能量最小值。作为参考, 这种动态润湿剖面可以在只有几十微米的跨越 (流体润湿) 长尺度内迅速衰减到几十纳米的厚度。因此, 这个过渡 (液膜) 区域可以发生显著的变化, 液体界面曲率。过渡 (薄膜) 区域几乎是所有动态物理和化学的发源地。特别是过渡 (薄膜) 区域是最大 (1) 蒸发速率、(2) 分离压力梯度和 (3) 静压梯度的区域, 为1,2。因此, 弯曲液膜在热输运、相分离、流体不稳定性和多组分流体混合中起着至关重要的作用。例如, 在传热方面, 在这个高度弯曲的过渡薄膜区域3、4、5、6、7中观察到了最高的壁面热流。
最近的半注浆研究表明, 几何形状 (如高度、直径等) 和支柱的位置决定了流体在结构中的润湿前轮廓和速度8。当流体前部从阵列中最后一个结构的末端蒸发时, 流体前部保持在恒定的距离和曲率上, 因为蒸发的流体被储存在排裁结构中的流体所取代。在热管和沸腾表面也采用了半湿结构来分析和增强不同的传热机制。10,11,12岁
目前用于创建抽吸结构的一种方法是热压印13。这种方法是通过用热塑性聚合物邮票将所需的布局冲压到硅模具样品上的抵抗层, 然后取下邮票来保持微观结构。一旦去除, 样品通过反应离子蚀刻过程中取出任何多余的抵抗层14,15。然而, 这个过程可以对排汗结构的制造温度敏感, 并包括多个步骤, 利用各种涂层, 以确保排汗结构的准确性 16.也存在着光刻技术对于宏观尺度模式的实用性;虽然它们仍然提供了一种在表面上创建微结构模式的方法, 但这一过程的吞吐量远远低于大规模复制的理想。考虑到大规模、可重复的纹理, 如自旋或浸渍涂层, 固有地缺乏可控的图案。这些方法在目标表面创建了一个随机的微结构阵列, 但可以缩放到比传统光刻技术大得多的区域17。
本报告概述的议定书试图结合传统纹理方法的优点, 同时消除每种方法的具体弱点;它定义了一种在宏观尺度上制造各种高度、形状、方向和材料的自定义半排义结构的方法, 并具有潜在的高吞吐量。为了优化排汗特性, 可以快速创建各种抽吸模式, 例如流体速度的定向控制、传播和不同流体的混合。不同的抽吸结构的使用还可以提供不同的薄膜厚度和曲率分布, 可用于系统地研究不同厚度和曲率分布的传热与传质之间的耦合半。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>NI-DAQ 9403</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>370466AE-01</td>
			<td>The communication interface between the camera and the control switch for the laser.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Control Switch</td>
			<td>Crouzet</td>
			<td>GN84134750</td>
			<td>A controller to use for the laser that activates the laser based on the voltage sent by the DAQ.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flea Camera</td>
			<td>FLIR</td>
			<td>FL3-U3-120S3C-C</td>
			<td>A flea camera used for imaging the drill bit on the plastic mold.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flea Imaging Camera</td>
			<td>Point Grey</td>
			<td>FL3-U3-20E4M-C</td>
			<td>A flea camera used for obtaining the side images of the pillars.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 Steps/rev, 12V-350mA Stepper Motor (x2)</td>
			<td>AdaFruit</td>
			<td>324</td>
			<td>The stepper motors are used to control the depth and angle of the end mill.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x Infinity Corrected Long Working Distance Objective</td>
			<td>Mitutoyo&#160;</td>
			<td>#46-144</td>
			<td>The objective used to get the image of the side of the pillars.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15x Infinite Conjugate, UV Coated, ReflX Objective</td>
			<td>TechSpec</td>
			<td>#58-417</td>
			<td>The objective used to get the image of the top of the pillars.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>72002 0.002D X 0.006 LOC Carbide SQ 2FL Miniature End Mill</td>
			<td>Harvey Tools</td>
			<td>72002</td>
			<td>The drill bit that was used to create holes in the plastic mold.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DC Power Delivery at 1 kW</td>
			<td>Advanced Energy</td>
			<td>MDX-1K</td>
			<td>Used to power the deposition sputterer.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turbo-V 70LP Nacro Torr Pump</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>9699336</td>
			<td>Turbo Pump used to reduce pressure inside deposition chamber.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2000mw, 405nm High-Power Blue Light Focus Laser</td>
			<td>WDLasers</td>
			<td>KREE</td>
			<td>Sample Heating Laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5.875&#34; I.D. Dessicator w/ 0.25&#34; Tube Connections</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>2204K5</td>
			<td>PDMS Dessicator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYLGARD 184 Silicone Elastomer, 0.5kg Kit</td>
			<td>Dow-Corning</td>
			<td>4019862</td>
			<td>The PDMS Kit used to make the base.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diaphragm Air Compressor / Vacuum Pump</td>
			<td>Gast</td>
			<td>DOL-701-AA</td>
			<td>Dessicator Vacuum Pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized Linear Stages (2x)</td>
			<td>Standa</td>
			<td>8MT175</td>
			<td>The stepper motors used to control the sample plate in the x- and y- direction.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2&#34; Diameter Unmounted Poistive Achromatic Doublets, AR Coated: 400-700 nm</td>
			<td>ThorLabs</td>
			<td>AC508-150-A</td>
			<td>The achromat was ued in order to obtain the images of the side of the pillars.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flea 3 Mono&#160; Camera, 2448 X 2048 Pixels</td>
			<td>Point Grey</td>
			<td>FL3-GE-50S5M-C</td>
			<td>A flea camera used for imiaging the top of the pillars.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Vacuum Transducer</td>
			<td>Thyrcont Vacuum Instruments</td>
			<td>4940-CF-212734</td>
			<td>Used for monitoring pressure inside deposition chamber.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressurized Argon Tank Resovoir</td>
			<td>Airgas</td>
			<td>AR RP300</td>
			<td>Gas used in deposition process.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-D Translation Stage</td>
			<td>Newport Corporation</td>
			<td>TSX-1D</td>
			<td>A translation stage used to move the camera to focus on the end mill.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cylindrical Laser Mount (x2)</td>
			<td>Newport Corporation</td>
			<td>ULM-TILT-M</td>
			<td>The laser mount was used to move the camera to focus on the end mill.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Benchtop Chiller with Centrifugal Pump, 120V, 60Hz</td>
			<td>Polyscience</td>
			<td>LS51MX1A110C</td>
			<td>A chiller used for the deposition assembly.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcatel Adixen 2010SD XP, Explosion Proof Motor, Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump, 1-Phase</td>
			<td>Ideal Vacuum Products</td>
			<td>210SDMLAM-XP</td>
			<td>A vacuum pump used for the deposition assembly.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fan, 105 CFM, 115 V (x2)</td>
			<td>Comair Rotron</td>
			<td>MU2A1</td>
			<td>A fan used for cooling certain aspects of the deposition assembly.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

scalable stamp printing and fabrication of hemiwicking surfaces

半眨眼是一个过程, 流体湿的图案表面超出其正常的润湿长度, 由于毛细管作用和吸收的组合。这种润湿现象在从生理学到航天工程的许多技术领域都很重要。目前, 有几种不同的技术可以制造半排汗结构。但是, 这些传统方法通常非常耗时, 并且很难针对大面积进行扩展, 或者难以针对特定的非均匀图案几何进行自定义。该协议为研究人员提供了一种简单、可扩展且经济高效的方法, 用于制造微图案的半排汗表面。该方法通过邮票印刷、聚二甲基硅氧烷 (pdms) 成型和薄膜表面涂层的方法来制造吸水结构。该方案在 pdms 微柱阵列上涂覆了70纳米厚的铝薄膜, 并对其进行了偏斜抽吸。

图 1提供了冲压机构如何为塑料模具上的排汗结构创建模具的示意图。为了研究抽吸薄膜中冲压设备的质量, 建立了两种不同的柱阵, 对今后抽吸实验中的柱体质量进行了分析。所调查的仪器的各个方面是柱高度的准确性 (有深度梯度和没有深度梯度)、pdms 成型后柱子的质量、溅射沉积过程后柱子的质量以及结构, 以创建半排汗。为此, 创建了两个抽吸?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Scalable Stamp Printing and Fabrication of Hemiwicking Surfaces at JoVE.com

Scalable Stamp Printing and Fabrication of Hemiwicking Surfaces

为制造不同尺寸、形状和材料的半排汗结构提供了一个简单的协议。该协议采用物理冲压、pdms 成型和薄膜表面修改的组合, 通过常用的材料沉积技术。

可缩放邮票印刷及不堪砌面的制作

Hemiwicking is a process where a fluid wets a patterned surface beyond its normal wetting length due to a combination of capillary action and imbibition. ...

此方法有助于回答微流体动力学领域中的关键问题，例如纳米结构对表面对薄膜轮廓的影响和吸芯速度。该技术的主要优点是，它提供了一种以节约成本和时间的方式制造各种吸芯阵列的方法。演示这个程序的将是托马斯·杰曼，一个研究生从我们的实验室。要开始，请为协议准备冲压设备。此冲压装置的基本细节在此示意图中。支撑模具的背板安装在 XY 级。要对塑料进行盖章，Theta-Z 舞台会移动一个微尺寸的位。激光加热位尖端的塑料模具。下面是背板和在各自阶段对冲压位的支持。配备 10 倍目标的摄像机提供从有利位置到位侧的冲压视图。从设备中取出背板，以及冲压模具。模具是丙烯酸盘，直径一英寸，厚八分之一英寸。将冲压模具固定到背板上，以用于设备。接下来，手动转换冲压位的方式，以避免损坏它。然后将带模具的背板固定到电动 XY 冲压阶段。使用计算机控制，将塑料模具与冲压位轴对齐并居中。现在手动翻译冲压位，直到它几乎与塑料模具接触。使用计算机冲压控制程序并监视位。以小增量翻译冲压位，直到尖端与塑料接触。之后，将冲压位从样本中翻译开去。始终确保塑料模具与位正常。否则，一旦创建 PDMS 模具，柱子将不具有均匀的高度。不均匀的柱高可能会影响流体的半吸液。接下来，分配用于创建图案的参数，包括像素长度、型腔深度和初始位置。继续上传准备好的图案图。灰度值指示所需的型腔深度，黑色为设定的最大型腔深度。开始冲压过程。软件会使用像素长度将位移动到正确的位置。位将根据设置参数标记型腔。制造空腔后，拆下冲压塑料模具。这里是冲压成型后，立即冲压过程。与本示例一样，该模具表面用 9，000 砂砾干砂纸抛光后完成。继续使用模具创建成型。在烧杯中，将PDMS弹性体和固化剂的比例为10比1。然后，将它们彻底混合在一起三分钟。混合后，将烧杯放在疏散室中，释放任何捕获的气泡。在继续之前，确保混合物没有任何气泡。接下来，将冲压的塑料模具放入有围墙的容器中。理想情况下，容器不会比模具的外径大多少。开始将 PDMS 混合物倒入冲压区域的中心，然后向外螺旋以均匀分布。将容器放在疏散室中以释放气泡。完成后，将容器转移到热板中，在 100 摄氏度下加热 15 分钟。之后，不让热板冷却，在65摄氏度加热25分钟。将容器从热中取出，让 PDMS 冷却。等待 20 分钟冷却和固化，然后从容器壁切割成型。从模具中取出 PDMS，将塑料模具和 PDMS 样品存放在带盖的容器中。但是，在使用塑料模具之前，请务必将残留 PDMS 的表面放在超声波水浴中五分钟。此位图定义矩形吸芯结构。每个像素表示一个 100 微米侧长的正方形。均匀的黑色像素意味着 PDMS 中的每根柱的高度将设置为 100 微米。这是使用位图创建的 PDMS 中柱柱的顶部视图。从边缘的侧视图显示了灯芯结构相对一致的高度。这里是PDMS结构的侧面和顶部视图，其沉积铝层厚约70微米。随着乙醇在表面的应用，这些相同的结构显示了沿柱子底部的流体的证据。虽然这种方法可以提供对中流动力学的洞察，但它也可以应用于其他系统，如热管和纳米级传热。按照此过程，可以执行其他方法，如干涉测量，以回答其他问题，如半月板的曲率如何由吸芯结构决定，以及如何影响该地区的热通量。该技术开发后，为微尺度传热领域的研究人员探索薄膜区域形状在热块中的作用铺平了道路。不要忘记，使用激光器可能非常危险，在进行冲压过程中应始终佩戴激光安全眼镜。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

在固体氧化物燃料电池电极表面的探测和测绘

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are potentially the most efficient and cost-effective solution to utilization of a wide variety of fuels beyond hydrogen ...

科研

工程学

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

制备纳米设计的脉冲激光沉积透明导电氧化物

Nanosecond Pulsed  Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition  of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, ...

Monolayer Contact Doping of Silicon Surfaces and Nanowires Using Organophosphorus Compounds

Monolayer Contact Doping (MLCD) is a simple method for doping of surfaces and nanostructures1. MLCD results in the formation of highly controlled, ultra ...

Scalable Nanohelices for Predictive Studies and Enhanced 3D Visualization

Spring-like materials are ubiquitous in nature and of interest in nanotechnology for energy harvesting, hydrogen storage, and biological sensing ...

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

制造和微流控光机振荡器测试

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

散装异质结太阳能电池的印刷和制作<em&gt;原位</em&gt;形态特征

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

制备与表征超导谐振器的

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors ...

3D Printing of Biomolecular Models for Research and Pedagogy

生物分子模型的3D打印技术的研究与教学

The construction of physical three-dimensional (3D) models of biomolecules can uniquely contribute to the study of the structure-function relationship. 3D ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

具有嵌入式金属网的高性能，灵活，透明电极的可扩展解决方案处理制造策略

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

防结冰用超疏水性金属表面的制备

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in ...