Name: co2 photoreduction to ch4 performance under concentrating solar light
Uploaded: 2019-06-12T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了中国自然科学基金(第21506194号,21676255号)的支持。

警告:请在操作前查阅所有相关的材料安全数据表 (MSDS)。几种化学品易燃且具有高度腐蚀性。聚光会导致有害的光强度和温度升高。请使用所有适当的安全设备,如个人防护设备(安全眼镜、手套、实验室外套、裤子等)。 
1. 催化剂制备
<ol><li>
通过阳极氧化制备TiO2 注意:阳极氧化使用金属箔和 Pt 箔作为两个计数器电极。两个电极被放入电解质中。...

<ol>
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聚光光可减小光照事件区域,需要使用圆盘形催化剂或所谓的固定床反应器来容纳催化剂。由于光源通常是圆形灯,催化剂的形状也应是圆形的。为了获得圆形圆盘,可以通过片片将粉末压入圆盘,或通过阳极氧化将金属箔制成氧化物。阳极氧化法利用电将金属氧化为氧化物半导体。由于金属前体已经是薄片或箔,氧化后可以更容易地修剪,而不会破坏它。
需要考虑的另一个因素是?...

化石燃料的利用伴随着大量的二氧化碳排放,极大地促进了全球变暖。CO2的捕获、存储和转换对于减少大气中的 CO2 含量至关重要。CO2光还原为碳氢化合物可以减少CO2,将CO2转化为燃料,并节省太阳能。然而,CO2是一个非常稳定的分子。其C+O键具有更高的解散能量(约750kJ/mol)2。这意味着 CO2很难被激活和转换,并且只有高能量的短波长光才能在过程中发挥作用。因此,CO2光还原研究目前转化效率和反应率较低。在TiO2催化剂3,4中,大多数报告的CH4收率仅在几个μmol_gcata-1μh-1水平上。 设计和制造具有高转化效率和CO2减排反应率的光催化系统仍然是一个挑战。
CO2光还原催化剂的一个热门研究领域是扩大可用光带到可见光谱,并提高这些波长5,6的利用效率。相反,在这份手稿中,我们试图通过提高光强度来提高反应速率。由于光催化反应的驱动力是太阳光,其基本思想是利用浓度技术提高射焦太阳光强度,从而提高反应速率。这类似于热催化过程,其中反应速率可以通过增加温度来提高。当然,温度效应不能无限增加,同样与光强度一样;这项研究的一个主要目标是找到一个合适的光强度或浓度比。
这不是第一个使用集中技术的实验。事实上,它已被广泛用于集中太阳能和废水处理7,8。生物材料,如山毛木锯屑可以在太阳反应堆9,10中进行热解。以前的一些报告提到CO2光还原方法11,12,13。当光强度翻倍14时,一个样品显示出产品产量增加50%。我们的小组发现,集中光可以提高CH4的收率,强度提高12倍。此外,在反应前通过集中光对催化剂进行预处理可进一步提高CH4的收率15。在这里,我们详细演示了实验系统和方法。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ti foil, 99.99%</td>
			<td>Hebei Metal Technology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pt foil, 99.99%</td>
			<td>Tianjin Aida Henghao Technology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium fluoride, 98%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>A111758</td>
			<td>Humidity sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycol, &#62;99.9%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>E103323</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrous ethanol,&#62;99.9%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>E111977</td>
			<td>Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone, &#62;99.5%</td>
			<td>Hangzhou Shuanglin Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>200-662-2</td>
			<td>Irritating smell</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitric acid, 65.0%-68.0%</td>
			<td>Hangzhou Shuanglin Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>231-714-2</td>
			<td>Humidity sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide, 30 wt. % in H2O</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>H112515</td>
			<td>Strong oxidative</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea, 99%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>U111897</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>De-ionized water, 99.00%</td>
			<td>Laboratory made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xe lamp, CELHXF300/CELHXUV300</td>
			<td>Beijing Zhongjiao Jinyuan Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless cylinder reactor, CEL-GPPC</td>
			<td>Beijing Zhongjiao Jinyuan Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fresnel lens, MYlens</td>
			<td>Meiying Technology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7000 mesh sandpaper</td>
			<td>Zibo Taichuan Abrasives Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic cleaner, SK2210HP</td>
			<td>Shanghai Kedao Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermostatical water bath, DF-101S</td>
			<td>Boncie Instrument Technology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alligator clip</td>
			<td>Guangzhou Rongyu Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DC constant voltage source, DY-150V 2A</td>
			<td>Shanghai Anding Electric Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Muffle furnace, KSL-1200X</td>
			<td>Hefei Kejing Materials Technolgy Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quartz glass</td>
			<td>Lianyungang Weida Quartz Products Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocouples, WRNK-191K</td>
			<td>Feiyang Electric Accessories Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronmagnetic stirrer, 85-2</td>
			<td>Shanghai Zhiwei Electric Appliance Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum pump,SHB-IIIA</td>
			<td>Henan Province Taikang science and education equipment factory</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas Chromatograph, GC2014</td>
			<td>SHIMAPZU</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HT-PLOT Q capillary column</td>
			<td>Hychrom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical power meter,CEL-NP2000</td>
			<td>Beijing Zhongjiao Jinyuan Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic scale, JJ124BC</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jingtian Electronic Instrument Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

co2 photoreduction to ch4 performance under concentrating solar light

我们演示了一种增强 CO2光还原的方法。由于光催化反应的驱动力来自太阳光,其基本思想是利用浓度技术提高事件太阳光强度。将大面积光集中在小区域不仅可以增加光强度,而且会减少催化剂的量和反应器的体积,并增加表面温度。光的浓度可以通过不同的设备来实现。在这份手稿中,它是通过菲涅尔镜头实现的。光线穿透透镜,并集中在圆盘形催化剂上。结果表明,反应率和总收率均得到有效提高。该方法可应用于大多数CO2光还原催化剂,以及自然光下反应率低的类似反应。

原来的光催化反应器系统主要包括两个组件,一个Xe灯和一个不锈钢缸反应器。对于集中式轻反应器系统,我们添加了一个菲涅尔透镜和一个催化剂支架,如图1所示。菲涅尔透镜用于将光线集中在较小的区域。由于光已经集中,催化剂必须放置在一个照明区域;因此,催化剂被制成圆盘形状,并用于保持该区域的催化剂。
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light at JoVE.com

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

CO2光还原到 CH4在集中太阳光下的性能

我们提出了一种方案,通过集中太阳能技术提高事件光强度,提高CO2光还原到CH4的性能。

We demonstrate a method for the enhancement of CO2 photoreduction. As the driving force of a photocatalytic reaction is from solar light, the basic idea ...

该方法有助于回答人工光合作用领域中的关键问题，如二氧化碳光还原甲烷。浓缩技术不仅可增加光强度，而且可减少催化剂量和反应器体积，同时增加反应温度，从而提高光还原反应速率。虽然这种方法可以提供光催化减少二氧化碳的见解，它也可以应用于其他系统，如集中太阳能和废水处理。通过阳极化将二氧化钛溶解0.3克氟化铵和两毫升水，在200毫升烧杯中溶解100毫升乙二醇，并用搅拌器形成电解质。将带电解质的烧杯放入 45 摄氏度的水浴中。用剪刀将钛箔修剪到 25 倍 25 毫米，然后用 7000 网眼砂纸抛光钛箔表面，以去除表面杂质。将钛箔淹没在含有 15 毫升乙醇的体积烧瓶中，然后将含有 15 毫升丙酮的烧瓶中。现在用超声波清洁剂处理铝箔15分钟。拿出钛箔，用电离水冲洗三到五次，放在含有20毫升乙醇的体积烧瓶中。如文本协议所述，在 100 毫升烧杯中准备抛光解决方案。现在，从乙醇瓶中去除钛箔，用电离水冲洗三次，放入抛光溶液中两分钟至几分钟。取出钛箔，再用电离水洗三次。使用 aoid 鳄鱼夹来固定预处理的钛箔和阴极夹来固定铂铝箔。将两个铝箔面对面地放在电解质中，彼此之间的距离为两厘米。打开直流稳定电流电源，将电压调至 50 伏，电解 30 分钟。阳极化完成后，关闭电源并拿出二氧化钛箔。将钛箔淹没在含有15毫升乙醇的体积烧瓶中，然后转移到含有15毫升丙酮的烧瓶中。使用超声波清洁剂处理钛箔 15 分钟。处理后，用电离水冲洗钛箔三到五次，并放在15毫升的熔炉中。将熔炉在60摄氏度的烤箱中放入12小时，让铝箔干燥。干燥后，将二氧化钛箔在400摄氏度以下的消声炉中烧干两小时，加热速率为每分钟2摄氏度。要在集中光下进行催化测试，请用电离水清洁不锈钢缸形反应器。然后在60摄氏度的烤箱中干燥10分钟，以确保不受其他碳源的干扰。在烤箱中干燥后，在反应器中加入两毫升水、搅拌器和催化剂支架。将浇注在支架底部的石英玻璃放在石英玻璃上，将二氧化钛催化剂放在石英玻璃的中心。现在，将热杯孔穿过反应器壁的开口并放入催化剂表面。在支架顶部添加 Fresno 镜头，然后用石英玻璃窗密封反应器。将反应器放在电磁装置上，用氮气检查气密度。通过质量流量控制器将二氧化碳喂入反应器，并至少冲洗三次反应器，将反应器中的气体转化为二氧化碳。将 Xenon 灯放在反应堆正上方两厘米处。打开 Xenon 灯电源，将其电流调整为 15 安培，然后打开磁力搅拌器开关以开始反应。记录催化剂表面和气体的温度变化。使用配备火焰电离探测器和毛细管柱的气相色谱分析产品，用于将氢碳与一到六碳分离。按外部标准线方法计算产品数量。在量化产品之前，建立一个标准的甲烷曲线。此处展示的是一种用于聚聚光催化减少二氧化碳的装置。XRD和SEM对催化剂的特性表明，该催化剂是典型的氧化钛纳米管。这里展示的是自然光下的催化剂。在集中光下，催化剂显示出一些光芒。这里显示了X射线衍射模式，在集中光照射后，显示晶体结构的变化。在集中光下反应后，晶体度明显提高。甲烷产量在自然和集中光下测量。在集中条件下，不同催化剂上的甲烷反应率显著提高。用合适的气体对催化剂进行预处理，将进一步提高甲烷的产生率。按照这个程序，还可以执行其他方法，如在真实阳光下进行集中光催化，以回答另外的问题，如水的光催化分裂，以及在真实阳光下挥发性有机化合物的降解。该技术开发后，为光催化领域的研究人员如何改善光化学系统中的二氧化碳光还原行为铺平了道路。不要忘了，使用集中光可能是极其危险的，并预防措施，如谷歌应始终采取，而执行这个程序。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-film Solar cells with Plasmonic-enhanced Light-trapping

多晶硅薄膜太阳能电池电浆增强光捕获

One of major approaches to cheaper solar cells is reducing the amount of semiconductor material used for their fabrication and making cells thinner. To ...

科研

工程学

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

集成的三重态 - 三重态湮灭上转换系统，提高染料敏化太阳能电池的响应子带隙光

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents ...

Integration of Light Trapping Silver Nanostructures in Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Transfer Printing

灯光诱杀银纳米结构通过转移印花在氢化微晶硅太阳能电池集成

One of the potential applications of metal nanostructures is light trapping in solar cells, where unique optical properties of nanosized metals, commonly ...

Experimental Protocol to Investigate Particle Aerosolization of a Product Under Abrasion and Under Environmental Weathering

实验协议来调查产品的粒子雾化在耐磨和环境下风化

The present article presents an experimental protocol to investigate particle aerosolization of a product under abrasion and under environmental ...

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

散装异质结太阳能电池的印刷和制作<em&gt;原位</em&gt;形态特征

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices ...

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

CH的单价阳离子兴奋剂<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; NH<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;碘化铅<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;对钙钛矿型高效太阳能电池

Here, we demonstrate the incorporation of monovalent cation additives into CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite in order to adjust the optical, excitonic, and electrical ...

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells

就地太阳能电池和模块加速性能退化的监测: 铜 (in, Ga) Se2太阳能电池的实例研究

The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is determined by, among other factors, the PV module reliability. Better prediction ...

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

高精度水泥浆水溶氯分布的检测

To improve the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth of cement paste under cyclic wet-dry conditions, a new method is proposed to obtain a ...

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics