Name: comparing eye-tracking data of children with high-functioning asd, comorbid adhd, and of a control watching social videos
Uploaded: 2018-12-07T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos at JoVE.com

作者承认, 本论文所依据的更广泛的研究是由中国香港特别行政区大学教育资助局的一般研究基金 (资助编号: grf 844813) 提供的资助;以及香港教育大学特殊教育及辅导学系的研究支援计划20118。

在香港一所小学及一个儿童服务中心的招聘过程中, 获得家长和参与者的同意, 这项研究获得了香港教育大学大学伦理审查委员会的批准。
1. 使用基于视频的评估
<ol><li>制作几个大约一分钟的社交视频, 其中包括在社交环境中涉及几个人的日常生活场景 (图 1)。<ol>
<li>制作几个社交视频, 大约一分钟, 包括在社会背景下涉及几个人的日常生活场景。?...

<ol>
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asd-注意力缺陷多动障碍和 asd 儿童的第一转角固定时间比神经典型儿童短。asd-注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的总固定时间比神经典型儿童短, 表明对社会刺激的视觉注意力普遍减少。这表明, asd-adhd 儿童在社交场景中对社会刺激的进入表现出延迟。这种延迟可能会导致孩子跳过登记重要的瞬间社会信息, 这可能导致对社会信息的误解和随后的社会认知处理。
asd-注意力缺陷多动障碍...

根据结构化观察评估和家长访谈的传统行为证据, 已知患有泛自闭症障碍的人在社会传播中存在行为缺陷。此外, 感觉处理异常最近已被纳入 asd1 的 dsm-5 诊断标准.社会信息处理涉及社会信息处理的较低层次感知处理和更高层次的社会认知处理。感官感知处理是指关注社会刺激并在短期记忆库中对其进行编码以进行即时检索和响应规划的能力, 而社会认知处理则是指通过以下方式对社会信息进行解释:社会推理和解决问题2,3。因此, 社会信息处理不足往往导致其他心理行为特征, 如社交焦虑和注意力不集中。这可以用注意力缺陷多动障碍 (adhd) 泛自体率高的泛型流行率来说明。asd 中注意力缺陷多动障碍的合并症范围估计为30% 至 80%, 而注意力缺陷多动障碍中存在的合并症 asd 估计为20% 至 50%4。
提出了两个主要的假设来解释社会信息处理方面的缺陷, 即增强感知功能和薄弱的中心一致性 (wcc)。epf 指的是泛自闭症障碍患者对特定部分的过度关注或专注, 而世界基督教协进会则指的是他们的弱点, 通过汇集第5部分的元素间关系来得出整体的本质。这两个理论框架都证明, 它们未能在全球范围内配置或处理在有限的社会背景下同时呈现的多重刺激 6,7。在早期的一项使用静态面部表情照片的人脸情感识别研究中, 发现 asd 组倾向于使用 epf 显示面部特征 (如口腔形状) 的局部处理, 但在配置上似乎较弱处理, 这需要汇集 wcc 所假设的更抽象的感知概念, 例如多个面部成分之间的空间关系 (例如, 眉毛之间的距离和眼睛注视的强度)9,10。
由于每天的社交剧集包括社会信息的动态瞬间微妙变化, 任何未能出席或参与感官感知处理微妙的人类非语言暗示, 如面部表情, 姿势和手势, 以及理解不同社会刺激的关系可能导致不适当的社会认知处理。眼动追踪实验越来越多地被用来补充社会信息处理研究中的临床观察。眼动追踪数据, 以扫描模式、视觉固定计数和视觉持续时间的形式, 一直是调查 asd11、12、13、14中社会信息处理的主要生物标志物 ,15。
在这项研究中, 我们说明了使用眼动追踪技术来调查两个参与者与 asd 和 asd-注意力缺陷多动障碍处理社会视频场景的第一时刻不同于神经典型的孩子。眼动追踪设备在观看过程中捕获四个主要指标: 视觉固定的数量、第一固定时间、总固定持续时间以及空间排列和固定点序列形式的扫描路径模式。这样, 每个参与者第一次出现在社交场景中, 对 aoi 预定的视听刺激的关注速度有多快, 他们继续看这些 aoi 的时间有多长, 他们的目光在同时出现在同一场景中的多个 aoi 之间发生了怎样的变化社交场景可以被捕捉到。在第一个时刻 (即500 毫秒) 和扫描路径的轨迹中固定 aoi 的任何延迟都为数据分析提供了重要证据。报告了使用这一范式对这一单一案例比较研究进行定性分析的代表性结果。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:741px;" width="741">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Tobii Pro TX300</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">Tobii</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:313px;">Screen based eye-tracker (300Hz refreshing rate)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Tobii Pro Studio</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">Tobii</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Software for analyzing eyetracking data</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comparing eye-tracking data of children with high-functioning asd, comorbid adhd, and of a control watching social videos

自闭症谱系障碍 (asd) 的儿童已知有感官感知的处理缺陷, 削弱他们在日常生活环境中参与和感知社会刺激的能力。由于日常社交事件由社会信息的微妙动态变化组成, 任何未能注意或处理微妙的人类非语言暗示, 如面部表情、姿势和手势, 都可能导致不适当的社会交往。传统的基于静态社交场景的行为评级量表或评估工具在捕捉社会场景中的瞬间变化方面存在局限性。因此, 最好采用眼动追踪评估, 以基于视频的方式进行眼动检查, 以增强临床观察。在这项研究中, 利用单例比较设计, 收集了三名参与者的眼动追踪数据, 其中一名是自闭症谱系障碍 (asd) 儿童, 另一名患有合并注意力的缺陷多动症 (adhd) 和神经典型对照当他们观看社交场景的视频。眼动追踪实验帮助回答了一个研究问题: 三位参与者的社会注意力有何不同？通过预先定义感兴趣的领域 (aoi), 他们对相关或不相关的社会刺激的视觉关注, 每个参与者对视频中出现的第一个社会刺激的关注速度, 每个参与者持续关注这些刺激的时间有多长在基于视频的眼动追踪实验中, 捕获、比较和分析了在同一社交场景中同时出现的多种社会刺激之间的注视变化。

以下是年龄在7岁至9岁之间的3名讲广东语的儿童 (患有 asd、asd-多动障碍和控制) 使用上述范式观看3个社交视频的眼动追踪数据 (表 1)。
神经典型儿童 (150 毫秒) 的第一次固定时间 (每500毫秒目标 aoi) 比 asd 和 asd 注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童 (均为110毫秒) 的固定时间长。asd-注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童 (120 毫秒) 的总固定时...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos at JoVE.com

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

这是对三个参与者观看的社会视频场景最初眼动数据的定性比较案例分析: 一个是自闭症谱系障碍患者, 一个是合并注意力缺陷多动障碍患者, 一个是神经典型的控制。

患有高功能性泛型疾病、无注意力缺陷多动障碍和控制社会视频的儿童眼动追踪数据比较

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to have sensory-perceptual processing deficits that weaken their abilities to attend and perceive ...

眼动追踪方法可以帮助特殊教育需求领域的研究人员在观看社交场景视频时，探索有自闭症谱系障碍或没有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的儿童在视觉注意力表现方面的差异。眼动追踪技术的主要优点是，在各种相关的社会刺激上，眼看路径和视力固定持续时间可以捕获、量化，并在有自闭症或没有自闭症的儿童之间进行比较。此方法的可视化演示至关重要。由于在视频中选择目标区域进行分析的步骤可能难以纯粹以书面形式说明。首先，护送孩子进入眼动追踪室，让他们坐在23英寸彩色液晶显示器前，眼睛追踪器60厘米远。坐在孩子旁边，指示他们看屏幕。让另一名研究调查员从隔板的另一侧操作眼动仪。让孩子观看校准点，这些校准点使用红外角膜反射技术捕捉眼睛运动时，在屏幕上设置查看边界。校准后，指示参与者一个又一个地观看社交视频，同时在观看过程中捕获眼部运动数据。为他们提供三个社交场景视频，总共观看。实验完成后，首先选择上下文相关目标（如视频每个场景的初始 500 毫秒的外观或 AOIs）的面或手来分析数据。在左侧面板上的信息框中为 AOIs 添加标签。完成当前帧中 AOIs 的添加和选择后，将底部面板的时间线栏中的光标移到下一帧。然后，在眼睛跟踪器的演示视频软件中手动调整视频每帧中 AOIs 的位置和边界，因为目标区域会随着社交视频故事的发展而更改视频的每个时间范围。如果当前场景中存在某些现有 AOIs 500 毫秒，或者它们在视频中的新帧中不相关，则右键单击这些 AOIs 以在新帧中停用它们。然后，要运行眼动追踪指数的统计分析，首先选择媒体文件进行分析。单击"分析所选媒体"。选择描述性统计信息，并在指标中选择从属度量值。然后，选择"行中录制"，然后在列中选择 AOI 媒体摘要。选择"更新"以分析眼动追踪模式。最后，通过选择软件中的"可视化"和"凝视图"，从数据创建场景的扫描路径。选择左侧面板中的媒体和录制进行可视化。在底部时间线中，将下光标移动到目标场景的开头，然后将上光标移动到目标场景的末尾。确保为数据字段选择"累积"以显示累积扫描路径。然后，最后单击"导出"和"可视化图像"将扫描路径另存为单独的图像文件。在这里，彩色椭圆形是感兴趣的领域。例如，脸部、眼睛、嘴部、手部、手机和女士的包，在视频一中显示其中一个场景的第一个时刻。对于社交场景，蓝点跟踪神经典型控制子的扫描路径，ASD 儿童的绿点，ASD-ADHD 儿童的红点。图中的点指示视觉固定的位置。神经典型儿童的第一个固定持续时间比 ASD 和 ASD-ADHD 儿童的固定持续时间更长。ASD-ADHD 儿童的总固定持续时间比神经典型儿童和 ASD 儿童短。此外，固定计数的总数是 ASD 儿童最多的，神经典型儿童的固定计数数为第二，ASD-ADHD 儿童的固定计数数为最短。虽然眼动追踪证据证实，患有自闭症的儿童难以同时和从上下文上感知多种社会刺激，而患有合并性自闭症儿童，往往错过重要的时时刻位信息，导致他们误判社会状况。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

眼睛跟踪，皮质醇和睡眠与唤醒延迟合并：合并方法来揭开睡眠和皮质醇的交互式影响记忆

Although rises in cortisol can benefit memory consolidation, as can sleep soon after encoding, there is currently a paucity of literature as to how these ...

科研

行为学

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

测试儿童的感官和多感官功能自闭症谱系障碍

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are ...

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

应力的社会问题：社会支持和社会认同的特里尔社会的实验操作压力测试

In many situations humans are influenced by the behavior of other people and their relationships with them. For example, in stressful situations ...

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

一种方法来量化视觉信息加工儿童使用眼动追踪

Visual problems that occur early in life can have major impact on a child's development. Without verbal communication and only based on observational ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

眼跟踪控制，以评估患者的认知功能与肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children &#8211; Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œ Working Memory CABC-WM

评估儿童工作记忆：儿童综合评估电池 - 工作记忆（CABC-WM）

The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children - Working Memory (CABC-WM) is a computer-based battery designed to assess different components of ...

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

眼动追踪在阅读中区分基于理解的和基于眼球的退行性眼球运动

Regressive eye movements are eye movements that move backwards through the text and comprise approximately 10-25% of eye movements during reading. As ...

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

用眼动跟踪范式界定语言在婴儿对象分类中的作用

Assessing infant category learning is a challenging but vital aspect of studying infant cognition. By employing a familiarization-test paradigm, we ...

Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger

使用占用和光数据记录器测量光切换行为

Due to discrepancies between self-reported and observed pro-environmental behavior, researchers suggest the use of more direct measures of behavior. ...

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

老年学员工作记忆培训：对照组培训方案和初始智力功能评估

The efficacy of cognitive training interventions is recently highly debated. There is no consensus on what kind of training regimen is the most effective. ...