Name: conducting hyperscanning experiments with functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Uploaded: 2019-01-19T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at JoVE.com

这项工作由德国联邦州和政府的卓越倡议 (ers 种子基金、opsfs449) 资助。hitachi nirs 系统得到了德国研究基金会 dfg (inst 94818-1 fugg) 的资助。

在参加之前, 所有父母/子女都提供知情同意/同意。这项研究得到了亚琛 rwth 大学医学院伦理委员会的批准。
1. 参与者到达前的准备工作
<ol><li>准备新的国税局帽。<ol>
<li>选择与参与者的头部周长大小相同或稍大的瓶盖尺寸。</li>
		<li>将直径约为15毫米的15个孔切割成2个原始脑电图帽的额头区域, 每个孔的直径约为15毫米, 排列在水平3x5 网格中 (见材料表)。确保孔...

<ol>
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在这个协议中, 我们展示了如何进行 fnirs 超扫描实验和一种可能的方法来分析大脑对大脑的同步, 测量浓度变化的氧化 hb 和脱氧-hb 在两个受试者的额脑区域同时。fnirs 超扫描相对容易应用: 一个单一的 nirs 装置足以通过在两个主体之间分裂的光原来测量两个主体的大脑活动。因此, 不同设备之间不需要同步 1。此外, 由于 fnirs 不需要严格的运动限制, 因此非常适合在自然环境和儿?...

近年来, 神经科学家开始通过同时记录两个或两个以上人的大脑活动来研究社会交往, 这种方法被称为超扫描1。这项技术为阐明这些相互作用背后的神经生物学机制提供了新的机会。要充分理解社会交往, 可能不足以孤立地研究单个大脑, 而还不足以研究相互作用的人2的大脑的联合活动。使用不同的神经成像技术, 超扫描研究表明, 大脑活动的互动的人或群体同步,例如, 当他们协调他们的行动3, 使音乐4, 沟通5,从事课堂活动或合作.
本文提出了一种利用功能近红外光谱 (fnirs) 进行同步记录的协议。类似于功能磁共振成像 (fmri), fnirs 测量大脑激活的血流动力学反应。含氧和脱氧血红蛋白 (oxy-hb 和脱氧-hb) 的变化是根据通过组织扩散的近红外光量计算的.fnirs 非常适合进行超扫描实验, 特别是对儿童进行的实验, 因为它可以应用于比 fNIRS 更有限、更自然的环境中。此外, 它不太容易发生运动伪影, 比 fmri 和 eeg9。此外, fnirs 数据可以在高采样频率 (例如10 hz) 下获得, 因此它高度高估了相对缓慢的血流动力学反应, 从而有可能提供更完整的脑血流动力学时间图10.
该协议是在 reindl 等人的研究范围内制定的.11和最近略有修改 (特别是在通道放置和坏通道识别方面)。这项研究的目的是研究亲子关系的同步大脑活动。我们使用 fnirs 超扫描法, 评估了儿童 (5至9岁) 及其父母 (主要是母亲) 在合作和竞争的计算机任务中的前额脑区域的大脑与大脑同步。前额叶大脑区域是有针对性的, 因为在以前的超扫描研究 1中, 它们被确定为社会互动过程的重要区域。合作和竞争任务最初是由崔永元等人制定的.12和最近受雇于以前的几项研究 13,14,15。为 reindl等人的研究。1 1日, 对任务进行了修改, 使其适合儿童。参与者被要求通过按钮按下对目标 (合作) 的联合反应, 或者比其他参与者 (比赛) 反应更快。每个孩子都与父母一起完成每项任务一次, 与父母同性别的成年陌生人一起完成一次。在每个儿童成人的 dyad 中, 计算出相应通道的氧化-hb 信号的小波相干性, 作为大脑与大脑同步的度量。
该协议描述了在合作和竞争游戏中收集父母和孩子的 fnirs 超扫描数据的程序。然而, 整个程序并不具体于这项研究设计, 但适用于不同的人群 (例如, 成人陌生人、浪漫伴侣、兄弟姐妹等), 可以适应许多不同的实验任务。该协议还概述了一个可能的分析程序, 其中包括必要的和可选的数据分析步骤, 包括 fnirs 数据预处理、不良信道检测、小波相干分析和随机对分析验证。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:872px;" width="873">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:222px;">NIRS measurement system with probe sets and probe holder grids</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Hitachi Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td style="width:355px;">ETG-4000 Optical Topography System&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">The current study protocol requires an optional second adult probe set for 52 channels of measurement in total as well as two 3x5 probe holder grids.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">raw EEG caps</td>
			<td>EASYCAP GmbH, Herrsching, Germany</td>
			<td>C-SCMS-56; C-SCMS-58</td>
			<td>Caps must be provided with holes for NIRS probes by the experimenter. Choose cap size the same size or slightly larger than participant&#39;s head circumference.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Technical computing software</td>
			<td>The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA</td>
			<td>MATLAB R2014a (or later versions)</td>
			<td>Serves as base for Psychophysics Toolbox extensions (stimulus presentation), SPM for fNIRS toolbox&#160; (fNIRS data analysis), and ASToolbox (WTC computation).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

conducting hyperscanning experiments with functional near-infrared spectroscopy

两个或两个以上相互作用的人的同时大脑记录, 一种叫做超扫描的方法, 对于我们理解社会交往的神经生物学基础, 以及可能的人际关系越来越重要.功能近红外光谱 (fnirs) 非常适合进行超扫描实验, 因为它测量局部血流动力学效应和高采样率, 重要的是, 它可以应用于自然环境, 不需要严格的运动限制。在本文中, 我们提出了一个协议, 用于进行 fnirs 超扫描实验与亲子染料和分析大脑到大脑的同步。此外, 我们还讨论了实验设计、fnirs 通道的空间配准、生理影响和数据分析方法等关键问题和未来发展方向。所描述的协议不是专门针对亲子 dyads 的, 但可以应用于各种不同的二元星座, 如成人陌生人、浪漫伴侣或兄弟姐妹。总之, fnirs 超扫描有可能对正在进行的社会交往的动态产生新的见解, 这可能超出了通过检查个体大脑的活动可以研究的范围。

图 1显示了在合作条件下一个父子 dyad 的代表性数据。合作任务由三个30的休息块和两个任务块组成, 每个任务块有20个试验, 以交替的顺序呈现。在每次试验中, 参与者必须尽可能同时对信号做出反应, 以获得1 1分。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58807/58807fig1.jpg"> 图 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at JoVE.com

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

利用功能近红外光谱进行超扫描实验

本协议描述了如何进行 fnirs 超扫描实验和分析人脑同步。此外, 我们还讨论了挑战和可能的解决方案。

Concurrent brain recordings of two or more interacting persons, an approach termed hyperscanning, are gaining increasing importance for our understanding ...

通过同时测量两个或两个多个人的大脑活动，这种方法可以揭示社会互动背后的神经生物学机制。功能近红外光谱学（fNIRS）非常适合进行此类超扫描实验，因为它以高采样率测量脑血动力响应，并可应用于相对自然的环境中。虽然该协议显示如何同时进行成人-儿童的fNIRS记录，但它可以适应不同的迪亚迪星座，如浪漫伴侣和不同的实验任务。首先选择相同大小或略大于参与者头围的帽大小。切割15个直径约15毫米的孔，以水平三五格栅格排列到两个原始EEG帽的每个前额区域。确保孔在任何方向上彼此之间 30 毫米，确保孔的中间列位于前额的中心。为了使盖更舒适，并尽量减少压力标记，在探头插座和边缘之间的支架栅格内侧连接软泡沫材料。接下来，将空的三五探头支架栅格安装到每个经过修改的 EEG 盖上，使支架网格本身放置在盖内侧，支架插座粘在孔中。然后，轻轻地将探头插入网格上适当的支架插座，以便每个探头的第一个脊只安装在插座中，从而产生一次咔嗒声。在最近的测量系统中打开探头集监视器窗口，并选择两个探头集，每个探头集排列在三五个网格中，一个用于参与儿童，另一个用于成人。确保两个大盖的探头布置与探头设置窗口中的布置一些。接下来，在测量前 30 分钟打开最近测量系统的激光二极管，使系统达到稳定工作温度。在最近的测量系统中设置所有必要的选项。确保设备设置为事件相关测量，并且接收来自实验范式触发器所需的 RS232 串行输入处于活动状态。然后，通过启动作为心理物理工具箱扩展基础的技术计算软件，将当前目录设置为保存该范式文件夹，来准备实验范式。最后，在计算机屏幕前放置两个下巴，以防止在实验中头部移动。首先护送两名参与者进入测试室并解释实验设置。然后，让学员在计算机屏幕前坐在一起。调整下巴的高度，使两个参与者都舒适地坐着。提供指令并管理合作游戏和竞争游戏的实践试验。接下来，根据 10-20 系统测量和标记 Fpz 点，这是每个参与者头部的鼻和 inion 之间距离的 10%。然后关闭激光，小心地将带探头的帽子放在参与者的头上。确保底部行的中间探头位于 Fpz 上，中间探针柱沿下垂参考曲线对齐。将纤维串放在连接到最近测量系统的支架臂上，以便它们松散地悬挂，无需与参与者或椅子接触，并且不会拉上盖。接下来，将每个探头进一步推入其插座，直到探头外壳顶部中央的小白鼻子可见。然后，再次打开激光，并单击最近测量系统的探头集监视器窗口中的"自动增益"按钮来测试信号质量。如果通道标记为黄色，表示信号不足，请轻轻地将周围探头尖端下方的头发放在一边。进行探头调整，然后再次单击"自动增益"按钮，查看信号质量是否有所改善或标记为绿色。一旦信号质量令人满意，在参与者的手上放置一条毛巾，这样他们就不能看到各自游戏伙伴的手部动作。然后，开始实验。然后，在实验完成后，保存数据，通过单击"文本文件输出"按钮将原始光强度数据导出为文本文件。最后，清洁探头，探针架，下巴休息与民族，用温和的洗涤剂洗帽。作为大脑与大脑同步的度量，在相互作用的受试者的fNIRS信号之间计算小波一致性。使用颜色图可视化小波相干系数，从蓝色、小或无相干性到红色，即强或最大相干。结果显示，在整个实验中，高频带的连贯性很强，直到周期长度约为一秒，这很可能是受试者的心脏节律导致的。此外，在两秒和八秒周期长度之间的较低频带中出现强相干性。这种低频范围的一致性可能反映了两个受试者在任务期间大脑活动的同步。在尝试此过程时，必须仔细检查盖是否正确放置在参与者的头上，并确保良好的信号质量。该技术开发后，为社会神经科学领域的研究人员在各种不同任务中探索脑与脑同步，检查行为与个体特征及其关系的关系相关和关联铺平了道路。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG

同时脑磁图和脑电图的功能映射

We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) to locate and determine the temporal evolution in brain areas involved in the ...

科研

神经科学

Combining Computer Game-Based Behavioural Experiments With High-Density EEG and Infrared Gaze Tracking

结合电玩与高密度的脑电图和红外视线跟踪基于行为的实验

Experimental paradigms are valuable insofar as the timing and other parameters of their stimuli are well specified and controlled, and insofar as they ...

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

使用近红外光谱MazeSuite和功能研究学习空间导航

MazeSuite is a complete toolset to prepare, present and analyze navigational and spatial experiments1. MazeSuite can be used to design and edit adapted ...

Micron-scale Resolution Optical Tomography of Entire Mouse Brains with Confocal Light Sheet Microscopy

整个老鼠大脑与光共聚焦显微镜板微米级分辨率光学层析成像

Understanding the architecture of mammalian  brain at single-cell resolution is one of the key issues of neuroscience.  However, mapping neuronal soma and ...

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

成人下丘脑神经发生局灶性放射性抑制功能审讯

The functional characterization of adult-born neurons remains a significant challenge. Approaches to inhibit adult neurogenesis via invasive viral ...

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy NIRS Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

利用功能近红外光谱成像技术研究全球儿童发展: 农村撒哈拉以南非洲地区的神经影像场方法

Portable neuroimaging approaches provide new advances to the study of brain function and brain development with previously inaccessible populations and in ...

Lipid Bilayer Experiments with Contact Bubble Bilayers for Patch-Clampers

用于补丁夹紧器的接触气泡层的脂质双层实验

Lipid bilayers provide a unique experimental platform for functional studies of ion channels, allowing the examination of channel-membrane interactions ...

Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7 T in the Rat Barrel Cortex During Whisker Activation

大鼠桶内皮层 7 t 的功能磁共振波谱在晶氏体活化过程中的应用

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers the opportunity to measure cerebral metabolite contents in vivo and noninvasively. Thanks to ...

Using Near-infrared Fluorescence and High-resolution Scanning to Measure Protein Expression in the Rodent Brain

近红外荧光和高分辨率扫描测量啮齿类动物大脑中蛋白质的表达

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study ...