Name: exploiting live imaging to track nuclei during myoblast differentiation and fusion
Uploaded: 2019-04-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exploiting Live Imaging to Track Nuclei During Myoblast Differentiation and Fusion at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了 AFM-Telethon 至 e. v. (#21545) 和 Osedale San Raffaele (OSR) 对 s. z. 的种子赠款 (ZAMBRA5X1000) 的支持。巴斯德研究所图像分析中心的 Jean-yf·蒂涅克斯博士因公开分享他的 "简单跟踪者" MATLAB 例程而受到认可。

所有涉及动物主题的程序都得到了圣拉斐尔机构动物护理和使用委员会的批准。
1. 小鼠后肢肌肉的解剖
<ol><li>通过高压灭菌灭菌推子和剪刀 (直的和弯曲的)。</li>
	<li>在开始实验之前, 准备和过滤所有介质 (阻滞介质、消化介质、增殖介质和差异介质) (见材料表)。</li>
	<li>将5毫升磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (PBS) 放入35毫米培养皿中, 用于肌肉采集。</li>
	<li>用颈椎脱位或使?...

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+dynamics+in+the+muscle+satellite+cell+niche.">Cellular dynamics in the muscle satellite cell niche.</a> EMBO reports. 14 (12), 1062-1072 (2013).</li><li>Mauro, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Satellite+cell+of+skeletal+muscle+fibers.">Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers.</a> The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology. 9, 493-495 (1961).</li><li>Motohashi, N., Asakura, Y., Asakura, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation,+culture,+and+transplantation+of+muscle+satellite+cells.">Isolation, culture, and transplantation of muscle satellite cells.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 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(120), e55047 (2017).</li><li>Roman, W., Gomes, E. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nuclear+positioning+in+skeletal+muscle.">Nuclear positioning in skeletal muscle.</a> Seminars in Cell &amp; Developmental Biology. , (2017).</li><li>Pimentel, M. R., Falcone, S., Cadot, B., Gomes, E. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+Differentiation+of+Mature+Myofibers+for+Live+Imaging.">In Vitro Differentiation of Mature Myofibers for Live Imaging.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (119), e55141 (2017).</li><li>Foudi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+histone+2B-GFP+retention+reveals+slowly+cycling+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Analysis of histone 2B-GFP retention reveals slowly cycling hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 27 (1), 84-90 (2009).</li><li>Tirone, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+mobility+group+box+1+orchestrates+tissue+regeneration+via+CXCR4.">High mobility group box 1 orchestrates tissue regeneration via CXCR4.</a> The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 215 (1), 303-318 (2018).</li><li>Zambrano, S., De Toma, I., Piffer, A., Bianchi, M. E., Agresti, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NF-kappaB+oscillations+translate+into+functionally+related+patterns+of+gene+expression.">NF-kappaB oscillations translate into functionally related patterns of gene expression.</a> eLife. 5, e09100 (2016).</li><li>Adamski, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+Hoechst+33342+on+C2C12+and+PC12+cell+differentiation.">Effects of Hoechst 33342 on C2C12 and PC12 cell differentiation.</a> FEBS Letters. 581 (16), 3076-3080 (2007).</li><li>Otsu, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Threshold+Selection+Method+from+Gray-Level+Histograms.">A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms.</a> IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. 9 (1), 62-66 (1979).</li><li>. Simpel Tracker - File Exchange - MATLAB Central Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://it.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/34040-simple-tracker">https://it.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/34040-simple-tracker</a> (2016)</li><li>Burkard, R., Dell'Amico, M., Martello, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Assignment Problems, Revised Reprint. , (2009).</li><li>Falcone, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-WASP+is+required+for+Amphiphysin-2/BIN1-dependent+nuclear+positioning+and+triad+organization+in+skeletal+muscle+and+is+involved+in+the+pathophysiology+of+centronuclear+myopathy.">N-WASP is required for Amphiphysin-2/BIN1-dependent nuclear positioning and triad organization in skeletal muscle and is involved in the pathophysiology of centronuclear myopathy.</a> EMBO Molecular Medicine. 6 (11), 1455-1475 (2014).</li><li>Syverud, B. 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肌肉纤维 (肌纤维) 是由肌肉干细胞 (卫星细胞) 的融合而形成的多核细胞, 这些细胞经历了 2,3的增殖和分化, 4. 我的工作是什么？为了评估成肌细胞的分化, 常见的程序包括培养成肌细胞在分化培养基和固定细胞在不同的时间点进行免疫荧光染色肌红器, 一个分化的标记, 和染色带 dna 插层分子 (例如, Hoechst)的细...

骨骼肌是人体最大的组织, 总数占人体质量的 35%-40% 1.卫星细胞是肌肉干细胞, 解剖上的特征是它们的位置 (并列于质膜, 在肌肉纤维的基层下), 从而导致成肌细胞 (成肌祖细胞) 的增殖, 最终区分并集成到现有的肌纤维和/或熔断器中, 形成新的肌纤维2,3,4。他们的发现和生物学研究的进展使人们对肌肉发育和再生有了重要的了解。
分离成肌细胞并将其分化为肌支管的协议早在多年前就已开发出来, 目前仍被广泛用于研究骨骼肌分化5, 6,7.然而, 这些方法大多代表了依赖于固定细胞分析的静态过程, 因此, 不允许科学家充分探索高度动态的过程, 如成肌细胞融合和肌纤维成熟。最突出的例子是核定位, 这是严格管制, 与原子核最初在肌纤维的中心, 然后, 位于周围的肌纤维成熟 8,9。实时成像是获得对这种特殊现象的进一步洞察的最适当的技术。
在这里, 我们描述了一种方法, 使科学家能够记录成肌细胞分化和肌管形成的延时显微镜, 并从自动跟踪成肌细胞核进行定量分析。该方法为分化和融合过程中的核动力学和成肌细胞行为提供了高通量的定量表征。该方案分为四个不同的部分, 即 (1) 从小鼠后肢收集肌肉, (2) 分离由机械和酶消化组成的原代成肌细胞, (3) 成肌细胞增殖和分化; (4)活体成像, 以跟踪成肌细胞分化前16小时内的细胞核。
在下面的过程中, 肌细胞从 H2B-gfp 小鼠中分离出来, 并用多西环素1μgml 进行治疗, 以诱导 H2B-gfp 表达, 如前面所述的 10。或者, 可以从其他在细胞核中表达荧光蛋白的转基因小鼠中分离成肌细胞, 也可以转染从野生小鼠体内分离出的细胞, 以表达细胞核中的荧光蛋白, 如 Pimentel 等人所述。9个。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>chicken embryos extract</td>
			<td>Seralab</td>
			<td>CE-650-J</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>collagenase</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C9263-1G</td>
			<td>125units/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>collagen from calf skin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C8919</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dispase</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
			<td>1.78 units/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>doxyciclin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D1515</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D5671</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>10270106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gentamicin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G1397</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse serum</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>16050-098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst</td>
			<td>life technologies</td>
			<td>33342</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMDM</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>I3390</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G7513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>356231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P0781</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>red blood cells lysis medium</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>420301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digestion medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>collagenase</td>
			<td>40 mg</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dispase</td>
			<td>70 mg</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>20 ml</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>filtered 0.22um</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>10%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutammine</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gentamicin</td>
			<td>1 &#8240;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>filtered 0.22um</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>proliferation medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMDM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>20%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutammine</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gentamicin</td>
			<td>1 &#8240;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>chichen embryo extract</td>
			<td>3%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>filtered 0.22um</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>differentiation medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMDM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse serum</td>
			<td>2%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutammine</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gentamicin</td>
			<td>1 &#8240;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>chichen embryo extract</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>filtered 0.22um</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

exploiting live imaging to track nuclei during myoblast differentiation and fusion

细胞内的核定位对于发育和再生过程中的多个细胞过程非常重要。核定位最有趣的例子发生在骨骼肌分化过程中。肌纤维 (肌纤维) 是由肌肉干细胞 (卫星细胞) 融合而成的多核细胞, 这些细胞经历增殖和分化。肌纤维内的正确核定位是正确的肌肉再生和功能所必需的。评估成肌细胞分化和肌纤维形成的常见程序依赖于免疫荧光分析的固定细胞, 这阻碍了随着时间的推移对核运动和细胞行为的研究。在这里, 我们描述了一种方法来分析成肌细胞分化和肌纤维形成的活细胞成像。我们提供了一个自动核跟踪软件, 以获得在分化和融合过程中核动力学和成肌细胞行为 (即轨迹) 的高通量定量表征。

要在活体成像中自动跟踪成肌细胞分化过程中的核运动, 核应优先进行荧光标记。需要注意的是, 使用 dna 插层分子是不可行的, 因为这些分子干扰原代成肌细胞13的增殖和分化。例如, 在有或没有 Hoechst 培养的原代成肌细胞中进行了增殖和分化分析 (图 1)。很明显, 在使用 Hoechst 33342 培养的成肌细胞中, 增殖 (1C<st...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exploiting Live Imaging to Track Nuclei During Myoblast Differentiation and Fusion at JoVE.com

Exploiting Live Imaging to Track Nuclei During Myoblast Differentiation and Fusion

在成细胞分化和融合过程中利用活成像跟踪核

骨骼肌分化是一个高度动态的过程, 它特别依赖于核定位。在这里, 我们描述了一种方法, 以跟踪核运动的活细胞成像在成肌细胞分化和肌管形成, 并执行核动力学的定量表征, 从自动跟踪提取信息。

Nuclear positioning within cells is important for multiple cellular processes in development and regeneration. The most intriguing example of nuclear ...

没有协议，可以研究肌细胞分化和肌纤维形成的动态过程，特别是利用活细胞成像进行核定位。用异质细胞核对肌细胞进行活细胞成像，可以研究活细胞中的肌细胞分化，并自动跟踪核。视觉演示有助于了解如何将原细胞隔离与实时成像和成像分析相结合。与弗雷德里卡科伦坡演示程序，将是乔加卡雷西亚，在我们的实验室的博士生。首先从成年小鼠的两个后肢采集头骨底，挤出数字龙，胃肠，四头肌和三头肌肌肉到冰上的PBS的培养皿。使用无菌剪刀和钳子小心地去除每个肌肉的肌腱和脂肪，将肌肉转移到空的培养皿中。使用无菌弯曲剪刀切割和切碎肌肉，直到获得均匀的质量，并转移肌肉碎片到50毫升管。然后向肌肉片中加入10毫升的消化介质，在37摄氏度的水浴中孵育30分钟，每分钟旋转250次。在酶消化结束时，停止与10毫升的阻尼介质的反应。通过离心旋转样品。将管子放在冰上，将上一液转移到新的50毫升管中。再次将上一代离心机离心。并在一毫米DMEM中重新悬浮颗粒。在冰上补充10%的胎儿血清，或FBS。消化保留颗粒在10毫升新鲜消化介质，刚刚证明，并结合消化的颗粒与保留细胞悬浮液，在冰上。将拉扯的细胞通过70微米过滤器，然后是40微米过滤器。并在15毫米的新鲜DMEM中清洗细胞，辅以10%的FBS。在离心结束时，在室温下将颗粒重新悬浮在三毫升红细胞解液缓冲液中。五分钟后停止解解，使用 40 毫升 PBS 和额外的离心。在 20 毫升 DMEM 中重新悬浮颗粒，并辅以 10% FBS，并在未涂覆的培养皿中预镀细胞。在37摄氏度和百分之五的二氧化碳下一小时后，收集含有上经液的卫星细胞。预镀电池悬浮两次，如证明。最后电镀后，通过离心收集卫星细胞，并在40毫升新鲜增殖介质中重新悬浮颗粒。将两个胶原蛋白涂层的150毫升培养皿之间分裂，每盘每毫升一微克多氧环素，诱导H2BGFP表达。将细胞返回到细胞培养箱两三天。当肌细胞达到适当的实验密度时，用5毫升PBS清洗每道菜中的细胞，并在37摄氏度下用每盘两毫升的三辛丁普辛将细胞从板底分离5分钟。通过光显微镜确认分离，并停止与5毫升DMEM加10%FBS每板的反应。对于活细胞成像，将两倍十至第五细胞板放入12孔板的每个孔中，并涂上350微升的分化介质，每孔辅以地下膜基质两小时。当细胞粘附在板的底部时，将板放在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳培养箱中，放在共物显微镜阶段，并使用20倍的干燥目标获得数百个细胞的视野，以每6分钟获得1024个1024像素的16位图像，每6分钟16小时。对于每个获取的位置，生成一个多帧点 tif 文件，并下载并提取所选文件夹中提供的点 zip 软件。打开分段跟踪文件夹的示例，然后单击"执行分段点 M"以打开 Matlab 中的命令窗口。更改应有的分段点 M 脚本，使可变文件名轨道是 tif 文件的名称，路径输入轨道是包含点 tif 的文件夹。单击"运行"以运行脚本。分割结果将保存为文件点垫，而核的分段可以在输出图中可视化。要生成轨道，请先双击在同一工作文件夹中生成轨道点 M。接下来，将文件名更改为文件名点，为分段的核提供适当的点 Mat 文件。单击"运行"以运行脚本。跟踪的结果将保存为另一个点垫文件，生成的轨道将被绘制。评估轨道的质量。首先双击检查跟踪点 M，然后将文件名修改为相应的点 tif 名称。然后单击文件名轨道以使用轨道的点垫文件，然后单击"运行"。在图形窗口中，使用下部滚动条选择原子核。所选原子核将用红色圈出，并且可以使用上滚动条及时跟踪所选细胞的轨迹。绿色十字表示检测到的核。在用 Hoechst 培养的肌细胞中，增殖和分化受到强烈损害。与与H2BGFP小鼠分离并培养多氧环素或野生类型相比，肌素重链标记了肌细胞。使用表达H2BGFP蛋白的原发肌细胞进行活细胞成像，允许在分化过程中跟踪核。在分化期的初始和最后时间点，在GGF通道中合并传输的图像，允许识别最终集成到 myotube 或不融合到 myotube 的核。通过共声荧光显微镜成像后，核可以按演示进行分割，流域变换可用于分离附近的物体。使用这种方法，大多数核在图像中被识别，从而允许像所示跟踪核运动。例如，对于沾有 Hoechst 的细胞，轨迹的总长度似乎略高。虽然差异并不显著。然而，计算时间推移期间的总位移表明，沾染着 Hoechst 的细胞的总位移明显小于未染色细胞的总位移。正如预测的那样，与沾染于 Hoechst 的细胞相比，未染色细胞的年变化要小得多。在将生物步骤的技术技能与共生显微镜和软件使用步骤相结合时，必须遵循与所证明的协议完全一样。为了研究另一个感兴趣的肌肉模型中的肌细胞分化和核定位，有可能将分离的肌细胞与荧光核蛋白转移。这项技术为探索肌肉分化期间的细胞和核动力学以及进一步研究这一过程中的缺陷铺平了道路。在各种病理条件下，如肌肉营养不良。

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Fibroblast Transformation and Muscle Stem Cells

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells form Mammospheres During Lactogenic Differentiation

小鼠乳腺上皮细胞形成过程中Lactogenic分化的微球体

A phenotypic measure commonly used to determine the degree of lactogenic differentiation in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures is the formation of ...

科研

生物学

A Practical Approach to Genetic Inducible Fate Mapping: A Visual Guide to Mark and Track Cells In Vivo

A Practical Approach to Genetic Inducible Fate Mapping: A Visual Guide to Mark and Track Cells In Vivo

一个实用的方法遗传诱导的命运映射：一个视觉引导标记和跟踪细胞在体内</em

Fate maps are generated by marking and tracking cells in vivo to determine how progenitors contribute to specific structures and cell types in developing ...

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

实时成像果蝇胚胎血细胞迁移

Many studies address cell migration using in vitro methods, whereas the physiologically relevant environment is that of the organism itself. Here we ...

Fluorescent Labeling of COS-7 Expressing SNAP-tag Fusion Proteins for Live Cell Imaging

对活细胞成像的SNAP - Tag融合蛋白的荧光标记的COS - 7

SNAP-tag and CLIP-tag protein labeling systems enable the specific, covalent attachment of molecules, including fluorescent dyes, to a protein of interest ...

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

确定的能源系统，在运动的贡献

One of the most important aspects of the metabolic demand is the relative contribution of the energy systems to the total energy required for a given ...

Fluorescence-based Measurement of Store-operated Calcium Entry in Live Cells: from Cultured Cancer Cell to Skeletal Muscle Fiber

基于荧光测定活细胞中的钙进入商店经营：从培养的肿瘤细胞，骨骼肌纤维

Store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), earlier termed capacitative Ca2+ entry, is a tightly regulated mechanism for influx of extracellular Ca2+ into cells to ...

Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay

SNARE蛋白介导的膜融合酶的细胞融合含量的分析

The interactions of SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)  proteins on vesicles (v-SNAREs) and on target membranes ...

Live Imaging of Apoptotic Cell Clearance during Drosophila Embryogenesis

Live Imaging of Apoptotic Cell Clearance during Drosophila Embryogenesis

凋亡细胞清除过程中实时成像<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;胚胎发育

The  proper elimination of unwanted or aberrant cells through apoptosis and  subsequent phagocytosis (apoptotic cell clearance) is crucial for normal  ...

Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow

活细胞成像血小板脱水和分泌流量

Blood platelets are essential players in hemostasis, the formation of thrombi to seal vascular breaches. They are also involved in thrombosis, the ...

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth

活体细胞荧光显微镜观察微生物细胞生长过程中的基本过程

Core cellular processes such as DNA replication and segregation, protein synthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, and cell division rely on the function of ...