Name: functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 t in the rat barrel cortex during whisker activation
Uploaded: 2019-02-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7 T in the Rat Barrel Cortex During Whisker Activation at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了 labex trail 赠款、anr-10-labx-57 和法国-瑞士 anr-fns 赠款的支持。提交人感谢 aurélien trotier 的技术支持。

所有动物程序都是根据欧洲共同体理事会1986年11月24日指令 (86/609/eec) 的动物实验指南进行的。该议定书符合法国农业和森林部的道德准则, 并得到了地方道德委员会 (波尔多海洋 n°50112090-a) 的批准。
注: 在 mr 测量期间, 适当的麻醉和生理监测 (体温、呼吸速率) 是必不可少的要求。
1. 动物
<ol><li>使用体重在350至450克之间的雄性 wistar 大鼠。</li>
	<li>保持在...

<ol>
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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutamate+uptake+into+astrocytes+stimulates+aerobic+glycolysis:+a+mechanism+coupling+neuronal+activity+to+glucose+utilization.">Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91, 10625-10629 (1994).</li><li>Cholet, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+injection+of+antisense+oligonucleotides+targeted+to+the+glial+glutamate+transporter+GLAST+decreases+the+metabolic+response+to+somatosensory+activation.">Local injection of antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the glial glutamate transporter GLAST decreases the metabolic response to somatosensory activation.</a> Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism. 21, 404-412 (2001).</li><li>Voutsinos-Porche, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glial+Glutamate+Transporters+Mediate+a+Functional+Metabolic+Crosstalk+between+Neurons+and+Astrocytes+in+the+Mouse+Developing+Cortex.">Glial Glutamate Transporters Mediate a Functional Metabolic Crosstalk between Neurons and Astrocytes in the Mouse Developing Cortex.</a> Neuron. 37, 275-286 (2003).</li><li>Zimmer, E. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=[18F]FDG+PET+signal+is+driven+by+astroglial+glutamate+transport.">[18F]FDG PET signal is driven by astroglial glutamate transport.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 20 (3), 393-395 (2017).</li><li>Haiss, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+in+vivo+two-photon+imaging+after+blood+replacement+by+perfluorocarbon.">Improved in vivo two-photon imaging after blood replacement by perfluorocarbon.</a> The Journal of Physiology. , (2009).</li><li>Mullins, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+a+theory+of+functional+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy+(fMRS):+A+meta-analysis+and+discussion+of+using+MRS+to+measure+changes+in+neurotransmitters+in+real+time.">Towards a theory of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS): A meta-analysis and discussion of using MRS to measure changes in neurotransmitters in real time.</a> Scandinvian Journal of Psychology. 59, 91-103 (2018).</li><li>Wong-Riley, M. T., Welt, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histochemical+changes+in+cytochrome+oxidase+of+cortical+barrels+after+vibrissal+removal+in+neonatal+and+adult+mice.">Histochemical changes in cytochrome oxidase of cortical barrels after vibrissal removal in neonatal and adult mice.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 77, 2333-2337 (1980).</li><li>Petersen, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+functional+organization+of+the+barrel+cortex.">The functional organization of the barrel cortex.</a> Neuron. 56, 339-355 (2007).</li><li>Cox, S. B., Woolsey, T. A., Rovainen, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localized+dynamic+changes+in+cortical+blood+flow+with+whisker+stimulation+corresponds+to+matched+vascular+and+neuronal+architecture+of+rat+barrels.">Localized dynamic changes in cortical blood flow with whisker stimulation corresponds to matched vascular and neuronal architecture of rat barrels.</a> Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism. 13, 899-913 (1993).</li><li>Feldmeyer, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Excitatory+neuronal+connectivity+in+the+barrel+cortex.">Excitatory neuronal connectivity in the barrel cortex.</a> Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 6, 24 (2012).</li><li>Boussida, S., Traore, A. S., Durif, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+of+the+brain+hemodynamic+responses+to+sensorimotor+stimulation+in+a+rodent+model:+A+BOLD+fMRI+study.">Mapping of the brain hemodynamic responses to sensorimotor stimulation in a rodent model: A BOLD fMRI study.</a> PLoS One. 12, e0176512 (2017).</li><li>Heinke, W., Koelsch, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+anesthetics+on+brain+activity+and+cognitive+function.">The effects of anesthetics on brain activity and cognitive function.</a> Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. 18, 625-631 (2005).</li><li>Horn, T., Klein, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lactate+levels+in+the+brain+are+elevated+upon+exposure+to+volatile+anesthetics:+a+microdialysis+study.">Lactate levels in the brain are elevated upon exposure to volatile anesthetics: a microdialysis study.</a> Neurochemistry International. 57, 940-947 (2010).</li><li>Boretius, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Halogenated+volatile+anesthetics+alter+brain+metabolism+as+revealed+by+proton+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy+of+mice+in+vivo.">Halogenated volatile anesthetics alter brain metabolism as revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of mice in vivo.</a> Neuroimage. 69, 244-255 (2013).</li><li>Sinclair, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+the+physiological+effects+of+alpha2-agonists+related+to+the+clinical+use+of+medetomidine+in+small+animal+practice.">A review of the physiological effects of alpha2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice.</a> Canadian Veterinary Journal. 44, 885-897 (2003).</li><li>Weber, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+fully+noninvasive+and+robust+experimental+protocol+for+longitudinal+fMRI+studies+in+the+rat.">A fully noninvasive and robust experimental protocol for longitudinal fMRI studies in the rat.</a> Neuroimage. 29, 1303-1310 (2006).</li><li>Hartmann, M. J., Johnson, N. J., Towal, R. B., Assad, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+characteristics+of+rat+vibrissae:+resonant+frequencies+and+damping+in+isolated+whiskers+and+in+the+awake+behaving+animal.">Mechanical characteristics of rat vibrissae: resonant frequencies and damping in isolated whiskers and in the awake behaving animal.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 23, 6510-6519 (2003).</li><li>Prichard, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lactate+rise+detected+by+1H+NMR+in+human+visual+cortex+during+physiologic+stimulation.">Lactate rise detected by 1H NMR in human visual cortex during physiologic stimulation.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88, 5829-5831 (1991).</li><li>Sappey-Marinier, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+photic+stimulation+on+human+visual+cortex+lactate+and+phosphates+using+1H+and+31P+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy.">Effect of photic stimulation on human visual cortex lactate and phosphates using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</a> Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism. 12, 584-592 (1992).</li><li>Mazuel, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+neuronal+MCT2+knockdown+in+the+rat+somatosensory+cortex+reduces+both+the+NMR+lactate+signal+and+the+BOLD+response+during+whisker+stimulation.">A neuronal MCT2 knockdown in the rat somatosensory cortex reduces both the NMR lactate signal and the BOLD response during whisker stimulation.</a> PLoS One. 12, e0174990 (2017).</li><li>Castellano, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NAA+and+NAAG+variation+in+neuronal+activation+during+visual+stimulation.">NAA and NAAG variation in neuronal activation during visual stimulation.</a> Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 45, 1031-1036 (2012).</li><li>Sarchielli, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+1H-MRS+findings+in+migraine+patients+with+and+without+aura+assessed+interictally.">Functional 1H-MRS findings in migraine patients with and without aura assessed interictally.</a> Neuroimage. 24, 1025-1031 (2005).</li><li>Baslow, M. H., Hrabe, J., Guilfoyle, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+relationship+between+neurostimulation+and+N-acetylaspartate+metabolism+in+the+human+visual+cortex:+evidence+that+NAA+functions+as+a+molecular+water+pump+during+visual+stimulation.">Dynamic relationship between neurostimulation and N-acetylaspartate metabolism in the human visual cortex: evidence that NAA functions as a molecular water pump during visual stimulation.</a> Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 32, 235-245 (2007).</li><li>Mangia, S., Tkac, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+relationship+between+neurostimulation+and+N-acetylaspartate+metabolism+in+the+human+visual+cortex:+evidence+that+NAA+functions+as+a+molecular+water+pump+during+visual+stimulation.">Dynamic relationship between neurostimulation and N-acetylaspartate metabolism in the human visual cortex: evidence that NAA functions as a molecular water pump during visual stimulation.</a> Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 35, 245-248 (2008).</li><li>Baslow, M. H., Hrabal, R., Guilfoyle, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Response+of+the+authors+to+the+Letter+by+Silvia+Mangia+and+Ivan+Tkac.">Response of the authors to the Letter by Silvia Mangia and Ivan Tkac.</a> Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 35, 247-248 (2008).</li><li>Barros, L. F., Weber, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CrossTalk+proposal:+an+important+astrocyte-to-neuron+lactate+shuttle+couples+neuronal+activity+to+glucose+utilisation+in+the+brain.">CrossTalk proposal: an important astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle couples neuronal activity to glucose utilisation in the brain.</a> The Journal of Physiology. 596, 347-350 (2018).</li><li>Bak, L. K., Walls, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CrossTalk+opposing+view:+lack+of+evidence+supporting+an+astrocyte-to-neuron+lactate+shuttle+coupling+neuronal+activity+to+glucose+utilisation+in+the+brain.">CrossTalk opposing view: lack of evidence supporting an astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilisation in the brain.</a> The Journal of Physiology. 596, 351-353 (2018).</li></ol>

桶皮层, 也称为 s1bf 的体感皮层或桶场, 是一个区域内的皮质层 iv, 可以观察到使用细胞色素 c 氧化酶染色9, 它的组织是众所周知的, 因为它已被大量描述10,11。一个 vibrissa 连接到一个桶, 其中大约 19, 000个神经元被组织在一个专栏 12。威士忌到桶皮层的通路有几个优点。首先, 它可以通过使用与 mri 兼容的空气吹气系统?...

大脑拥有内在的机制, 允许调节其主要基质 (即葡萄糖), 这既是因为它的贡献, 也是因为它的利用, 这取决于局部大脑活动的变化。虽然葡萄糖是大脑的主要能量底物, 但近年来进行的实验表明, 由星形胶质细胞产生的乳酸可以成为神经元的有效能量底物。这提出了在星形胶质细胞和神经元1之间的乳酸穿梭的假设。被称为 anls, 对于星形胶质细胞乳酸梭子 2,这一理论仍然引起了激烈的争论, 但这一理论导致了这样的建议, 即葡萄糖, 而不是直接进入神经元, 可能会进入星形胶质细胞, 在那里它被代谢为乳酸, 一种代谢物, 这是一种代谢物, 这是一种代谢产物。, 然后, 转移到神经元, 使用它作为有效的能量基板。如果这种穿梭物存在于体内, 它将产生几个重要的后果, 这既是为了了解功能性脑成像的基本技术 (正电子发射断层扫描 [pet]), 也是为了破译观察到的代谢改变在大脑疾病。
为了研究大脑代谢, 特别是神经元和星形胶质细胞之间的代谢相互作用, 有四种主要技术可供选择 (不包括微/纳米传感器): 自体摄影、pet、双光子荧光共聚焦显微镜和 mrs。自动摄影是最早提出的方法之一, 它提供了大脑切片中放射性 14c-2-脱氧葡萄糖的区域积累图像, 而 pet在体内产生的区域吸收放射性18的图像f-脱氧葡萄糖。它们都有在产生低空间分辨率图像的同时使用辐照分子的缺点。双光子显微镜提供荧光探针的细胞分辨率, 但通过组织进行光散射限制了成像深度。这三种技术以前曾被用于研究鼠在晶须刺激 3,4,5,6期间的神经能量.在体内mrs 具有无创和无放射性的双重优势, 任何大脑结构都可以探索。此外, mrs 可以在神经元激活过程中进行, 这是一种称为功能性 mrs (fmrs) 的技术, 最近在啮齿类动物中得到了发展。因此, 提出了一种通过体内和非侵入性的 1 h-mrs 监测大脑活动过程中大脑代谢的方案。这一程序是在成年健康大鼠中描述的, 它们的大脑激活是通过在7t 磁共振 (mr) 成像仪中直接进行的空气吸泡晶须刺激获得的, 但可适用于转基因动物, 也可以适用于任何病理条件下.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5 mL syringe with needle</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company, USA</td>
			<td>2020-10</td>
			<td>0.33 mm (29 G) x 12.7 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1H spectroscopy surface coil</td>
			<td>Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>T116344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7T Bruker Biospec system</td>
			<td>Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>70/20 USR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arduino Uno based pulsing device</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atipamezole</td>
			<td>V&#233;toquinol, S.A., France</td>
			<td>V8335602</td>
			<td>Antisedan, 4.28 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Breathing mask</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye ointment</td>
			<td>TVM laboratoire, France</td>
			<td>40365</td>
			<td>Ocry gel 10 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Induction chamber</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>30x17x15 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inlet flexible pipe</td>
			<td>Gardena, Germany</td>
			<td>1348-20</td>
			<td>4.6-mm diameter, 3m long</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane pump, Model 100 series vaporizer, classic T3</td>
			<td>Surgivet, Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>WWV90TT</td>
			<td>from OH 43017, U.S.A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane, liquid for inhalation</td>
			<td>Vertflurane, Virbac, France</td>
			<td>QN01AB06</td>
			<td>1000 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KD Scientific syringe pump</td>
			<td>KD sientific, Holliston, USA</td>
			<td>Legato 110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LCModel software</td>
			<td>LCModel Inc., Ontario, Canada</td>
			<td>6.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medetomidine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>V&#233;toquinol, S.A., France</td>
			<td>QN05CM91</td>
			<td>Domitor, 1 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropore roll of adhesive plaster</td>
			<td>3M micropore, Minnesota, United States</td>
			<td>MI912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropore roll of adhesive plaster</td>
			<td>3M micropore, Minnesota, United States</td>
			<td>MI925</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monitoring system of physiologic parameter</td>
			<td>SA Instruments, Inc, Stony Brook, NY, USA</td>
			<td>Model 1025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi, Germany</td>
			<td>B05XA03</td>
			<td>0.9 % 250 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Outlet flexible pipe</td>
			<td>Gardena, Germany</td>
			<td>1348-20</td>
			<td>4.6-mm diameter, 4m long</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paravision software</td>
			<td>Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>6.0.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peripheral intravenous catheter</td>
			<td>Terumo, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japon</td>
			<td>SP500930S</td>
			<td>22 G x 1&#34;, 0.85x25 mm, 35 mL/min</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat head coil</td>
			<td>Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodic heparin, injectable solution</td>
			<td>Choai, Sanofi, Paris, France</td>
			<td>B01AB01</td>
			<td>5000 IU/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solenoid control valves, plunger valve 2/2 way direct-acting</td>
			<td>Burkert, Germany</td>
			<td>3099939</td>
			<td>Model type 6013</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Terumo 2 ml syringe</td>
			<td>Terumo, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japon</td>
			<td>SY243</td>
			<td>with 21 g x 5/8&#34; needle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Terumo 5 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Terumo, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japon</td>
			<td>05SE1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wistar RJ-Han rats</td>
			<td>Janvier Laboratories, France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 t in the rat barrel cortex during whisker activation

核磁共振 (nmr) 光谱为测量体内和非侵入性的脑代谢物含量提供了机会。由于过去十年的技术发展和磁场强度的增加, 现在有可能在大鼠大脑中获得良好的体内分辨率谱。神经能量学 (即大脑代谢的研究), 特别是不同细胞类型之间的代谢相互作用, 近年来引起了越来越多的兴趣。在这些代谢相互作用中, 神经元和星形胶质细胞之间存在乳酸穿梭性仍在争论中。因此, 在大鼠大脑活化模型中进行功能质子磁共振波谱 (1h-mrs) 和监测乳酸是非常有趣的。然而, 乳酸甲基谷第2峰与脂质共振峰重叠, 难以量化。下面描述的协议允许在激活的大脑区域监测代谢和乳酸的波动。通过晶须刺激获得大脑激活,在相应的活性桶皮层进行 1 h-mrs, 其区域是通过血氧水平相关功能磁共振成像 (bold fmri) 检测的。所有步骤都有详细说明: 麻醉剂、线圈和序列的选择, 直接在磁铁中实现高效的晶须刺激, 以及数据处理。

该方案允许量化代谢物在大脑激活过程中的波动, 这是通过直接在磁铁中的右晶须刺激获得的。
在本研究中, bold fmri 的总体目标是检查晶须刺激是否有效, 对激活的 s1bf 区域进行可视化, 并正确定位1h-frs 的体素。为晶须激活而构建的设备是有效的。事实上, 当使用自制的气泡系统刺激右晶须时, 在左桶皮层 (<strong class="xf...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7 T in the Rat Barrel Cortex During Whisker Activation at JoVE.com

Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7 T in the Rat Barrel Cortex During Whisker Activation

大鼠桶内皮层 7 t 的功能磁共振波谱在晶氏体活化过程中的应用

通过血氧水平相关功能磁共振成像 (bold fmri) 检查相应的体感桶场皮层区域 (称为 s1bf) 是否正确激活后, 本研究的主要目的是量化乳酸含量在 7 t 的情况下, 局部质子磁共振波谱 (1h-mrs) 在活化大鼠大脑中的波动。

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers the opportunity to measure cerebral metabolite contents in vivo and noninvasively. Thanks to ...

此方法可以帮助回答神经遗传学领域的关键问题，并破译休息和激活状态之间发生的代谢变化。这种技术的主要优点是以非侵入性的方式实时跟踪体内的这种变化。值得注意的是，这项技术可以应用于病理或转基因动物，例如确定特定蛋白质在神经元和细胞之间的代谢相互作用中的作用。首先，将呼吸传感器放在磁床上，将大鼠转移到易发位置的磁床，其鼻子位于异氟体面罩中，呼吸传感器位于肋骨笼和磁床之间。确保右胡须自由，用胶带固定大鼠。使用胶带进行销售，捕获所有右胡须，并沿大鼠 MRI 床对齐空气泡芙系统的柔性出口管，使离开管子的部件垂直且距离销售约 1.5 厘米。然后用更多的胶带将管道固定到位。接下来，将柔性进气管从压缩空气源连接到电磁阀输入，将出口管连接到电磁阀控制阀输出，注意电磁阀控制阀仍位于磁体室之外。使用晶体管晶体管逻辑端口将脉冲装置插入电磁阀和磁铁，并配置该器件，使脉冲频率为 8 赫兹，脉冲时间为 20 秒，休息时间为 10 秒。对于胡须刺激，将大鼠与大脑放在直立位置，用耳条固定动物。将卷阵列线圈放在头部上方，用胶带固定阵列。打开空气吹气系统，检查销售在后柱方向上移动，无旋转和摩擦。然后关闭空气吹气系统，将床端线圈放入磁铁的中心。对于血氧水平依赖功能共振成像，再次检查销售运动，并使用定位序列确认大鼠位置良好。将本地化程序序列选项卡拖动到指令名称中，然后单击"继续"。如果位置正常，则将 T2 Star FID EPI 序列选项卡拖动到指令名称中，将视野中心放在大脑中间，然后单击调整平台以打开编辑的扫描指令。然后记录 B0 地图并启动 T2 星 FID EPI 序列。获取另一个定位序列，如刚刚演示的，以比较第一个，并检查大鼠是否在 T2 Star FID EPI 序列期间移动。然后将床返回到初始位置，并拆下音量阵列线圈。要处理图像，请打开 T2 星 FID EPI 文件并在图像显示中读取 T2 星 FID EPI 图像。打开功能控制器的启动窗口，并在处理选项卡中选择功能成像窗口。定义刺激协议并选择协议窗口，将开周期设置为 40，关闭周期设置为 20。在预处理窗口中，设置用于预处理的纯素中值滤波器和用于后处理的中值滤波器 2D 3D。然后单击"执行"。拖动光标以调整叠加查找表并可视化激活的大脑区域。要正确定位质子磁共振光谱或 MRS 的表面线圈，请顺时针旋转头部约 30 度，以便表面线圈可以放置在水平位置的左筒皮层上方，并在磁铁内部位于磁铁中心。将表面线圈插入，用胶带将线圈固定到位。检查当空气泡芙系统打开时，销售是否仍然能够正确移动。然后将床放入磁铁中，并再次检查销售运动。确认动物的正确位置与本地化序列，如演示，并拖动T2-TurboRARE序列选项卡到指令名称窗口。然后单击继续执行扫描程序，并允许体毒在躯体感觉桶场皮层内正确定位体美。在扫描结束时，将激光序列选项卡拖动到指令名称窗口中，将体美蛋白放在躯体感觉桶场皮层区域的中心。单击调整平台打开编辑的扫描指令，然后单击摆动以稍微更改接收器线圈的阻抗以进行调谐。调优完成后，单击"应用"以关闭指令编辑器并应用编辑的指令中的更改。记录 B0 地图，并在休息期间启动 pro diem MRS 采集。获取另一个定位序列，以便与第一个序列进行比较，并确认大鼠在激光采集过程中未移动。然后打开空气泡芙系统，并使用激光序列执行第二个质子 MRS。执行最终定位序列，在将床返回到初始位置之前检查大鼠是否移动。然后取出表面线圈，将大鼠返回到长凳上进行监测，直到完全恢复。要处理 MRS 图像，请打开模型光谱或 LC 模型软件的线性组合，并选择适当的数据类型和文件。单击"确定"，并在标题部分中手动输入标题并定义每个毫升范围的足够零件。然后单击运行 LC 模型以启动 LC 模型量化。当使用自制空气泡芙系统刺激右胡须时，在左桶皮层（也称为吸气管场）中检测到正的 BOLD 信号。使用解剖磁共振图像和大鼠大脑图谱方案，BOLD 功能 MRI 可视化的激活大脑区域允许将体受虫放置在胡须刺激期间激活的躯体球管场区域。当胡须刺激的范式打开乳酸盐含量增加时，在左躯体感觉桶场中观察到。为了更好地可视化休息和激活周期之间的代谢波动，可以执行光谱减法。从这个减去的光谱中，大脑活化乳酸盐含量的增加可以更容易地可视化。例如，在这只大鼠中，N-乙酰激光分件信号略有减少。虽然乳酸峰在其余体内去卷积光谱上很难检测到，但 LC 模型能够以良好的精度和 Cram 量化峰

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of live Drosophila melanogaster using Magic Angle Spinning

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of live Drosophila melanogaster using Magic Angle Spinning

生活磁共振波谱果蝇</em用魔角旋转

High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HRMAS) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a novel non-destructive technique that improves spectral ...

科研

神经科学

Assessment of Ultrasonic Vocalizations During Drug Self-administration in Rats

在大鼠的药物自我管理的评估超声发声

Drug self-administration procedures are commonly used to study behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with human drug abuse, addiction and ...

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

高分辨率人类中脑功能磁共振成像方法

Functional MRI (fMRI) is a widely used tool for non-invasively measuring correlates of human brain activity. However, its use has mostly been focused upon ...

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

磁共振波谱的用途，用于对初级运动皮层新陈代谢双半球经颅电刺激效果的测量工具一

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that has been increasingly used over the past decade in the treatment of ...

Metabolomic Analysis of Rat Brain by High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Tissue Extracts

大鼠脑组织被提取物的高分辨核磁共振代谢组学分析

Studies of gene expression on the RNA and protein levels have long been used to explore biological processes underlying disease. More recently, genomics ...

Utilizing Combined Methodologies to Define the Role of Plasma Membrane Delivery During Axon Branching and Neuronal Morphogenesis

采用组合运用各种方法，定义质膜交付在轴突分支和神经元形态发生中的作用

During neural development, growing axons extend to multiple synaptic partners by elaborating axonal branches. Axon branching is promoted by extracellular ...

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

脑缺血中风发作时间估计的磁共振成像协议

MRI provides a sensitive and specific imaging tool to detect acute ischemic stroke by means of a reduced diffusion coefficient of brain water. In a rat ...

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

侧前额叶皮质联合经颅磁刺激与脑电图的研究

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic ...

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

利用功能近红外光谱进行超扫描实验

Concurrent brain recordings of two or more interacting persons, an approach termed hyperscanning, are gaining increasing importance for our understanding ...

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

扩散张量磁共振成像在慢性脊髓压迫中的应用

Chronic spinal cord compression is the most common cause of spinal cord impairment in patients with nontraumatic spinal cord damage. Conventional magnetic ...