Name: wet-spinning-based molding process of gelatin for tissue regeneration
Uploaded: 2019-03-07T14:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Wet-spinning-based Molding Process of Gelatin for Tissue Regeneration at JoVE.com

この研究によって、国防の大臣 (MAB-105-070; をサポートされていましたMAB-106-077;MAB-107-032;MAB-107-065)、科学技術 (ほとんど 107-2320-B016-016)、三サービス総合病院、国立省防衛医療センター、台湾 (TSGH-C106-046;TSGH-C106-115。TSGH-C107-041)、鄭新総合病院と国立防衛医療センター協力 (CH-NDMC-107-8)。

脂肪組織は、認定機関のレビュー ボードの三サービス総合病院、整形外科手術から得られた、動物を対象とする台北、台湾 (中華民国) 手続きは、国立で動物ケア委員会によって承認されています。国防医学院、台湾 (中興)。
1 湿式紡糸
<ol><li>
ソリューションの準備
	<ol>
<li>5% (w/v) 濃度を取得する二重蒸留水 100 ml ゼラチン パウダー 5 g を溶かします。</li>
	...

<ol>
	<li>Bagnall, A. M., Jones, L., Duffy, S., Riemsima, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+fixation+surgery+for+acute+traumatic+spinal+cord+injury.">Spinal fixation surgery for acute traumatic spinal cord injury.</a> Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1, 004725 (2008).</li><li>Fehlings, M. G., Perrin, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+and+timing+of+early+decompression+for+cervical+spinal+cord+injury:+update+with+a+review+of+recent+clinical+evidence.">The role and timing of early decompression for cervical spinal cord injury: update with a review of recent clinical evidence.</a> Injury. 36, 13-26 (2005).</li><li>Yang, L., Jones, N. R., Stoodley, M. A., Blumbergs, P. C., Brown, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Excitotoxic+model+of+post-traumatic+syringomyelia+in+the+rat.">Excitotoxic model of post-traumatic syringomyelia in the rat.</a> Spine. 26, 1842-1849 (2001).</li><li>Rolls, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two+faces+of+chondroitin+sulfate+proteoglycan+in+spinal+cord+repair:+a+role+in+microglia/macrophage+activation.">Two faces of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in spinal cord repair: a role in microglia/macrophage activation.</a> PLoS Medicine. 5, 1262-1277 (2008).</li><li>Properzi, F., Asher, R. A., Fawcett, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chondroitin+sulphate+proteoglycans+in+the+central+nervous+system:+changes+and+synthesis+after+injury.">Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the central nervous system: changes and synthesis after injury.</a> Biochemical Society Transactions. 31, 335-336 (2003).</li><li>Fawcett, J. W., Asher, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+glial+scar+and+central+nervous+system+repair.">The glial scar and central nervous system repair.</a> Brain Research Bulletin. 49, 377-391 (1999).</li><li>Yang, Z., Mo, L., Duan, H., Li, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+chitosan/collagen+substrates+on+the+behavior+of+rat+neural+stem+cells.">Effects of chitosan/collagen substrates on the behavior of rat neural stem cells.</a> Science China Life Sciences. 53, 215-222 (2010).</li><li>Chawla, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fibrous Materials. , (1998).</li><li>Pickering, K. L., Aruan Efendy, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+recent+developments+in+natural+fibre+composites+and+their+mechanical+performance.">A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance.</a> Composites Part A-Applied Science and Manufacturing. 83, 98-112 (2016).</li><li>Lundgren, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+fibers+made+from+proteins.">Synthetic fibers made from proteins.</a> Advances in Protein Chemistry. 5, 305-351 (1954).</li><li>Radishevskii, M. B., Serkov, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coagulation+mechanism+in+wet+spinning+of+fibres.">Coagulation mechanism in wet spinning of fibres.</a> Fibre Chemistry. 37, 266-271 (2005).</li><li>Yannas, I. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collagen+and+gelatin+in+the+solid+state.">Collagen and gelatin in the solid state.</a> Journal of Macromolecular Science Part C Polymer Reviews. 7, 49-106 (1972).</li><li>Baer, E., Cassidy, J. J., Hiltner, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hierarchical+structure+of+collagen+composite+Systems:+lessons+from+biology.">Hierarchical structure of collagen composite Systems: lessons from biology.</a> Pure and Applied Chemistry. 6, 961-973 (2009).</li><li>Harrington, W. F., Von Hippel, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+structure+of+collagen+and+gelatin.">The structure of collagen and gelatin.</a> Advances in Protein Chemistry. 16, 1-138 (1961).</li><li>Veis, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Macromolecular Chemistry of Gelatin. , (1994).</li><li>Freyman, T. M., Yannas, I. V., Gibson, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+materials+as+porous+scaffolds+for+tissue+engineering.">Cellular materials as porous scaffolds for tissue engineering.</a> Progress in Materials Science. 46, 273-282 (2001).</li><li>Michalczyk, K., Ziman, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nestin+structure+and+predicted+function+in+cellular+cytoskeletal+organization.">Nestin structure and predicted function in cellular cytoskeletal organization.</a> Histology and Histopathology. 20, 665-671 (2005).</li></ol>

我々 は単純な湿式紡績天然高分子組織再生の研究に適用できる技術を使ってゼラチン ベースの生体材料の開発を紹介しました。この作品は、ゼラチン ゼラチン自体のプロパティを最適化する目的で、他のソースの追加なしの素晴らしいたんぱく源として作製の可能性を示した。完全にゼラチン ベースの生体材料の開発を部屋の温度 (22-26 ° C) で行った。穏やかなソリューションの準備は、?...

組織再生における最新の開発には、医療における新たな治療戦略の改善のための挑戦を表す組織工学」のアプリケーションが含まれます。たとえば、神経系の再生、次の傷害または病気の限られた可能性は世界的に重大な健康問題を生じます。神経系に関連する病態生理学的プロセスの複雑さのためまたは伝統的な自家の使用安定化手術の実装機能の成果に利点を提供する示されているのための強力な証拠がないです。脊柱固定手術1,2の効果。被災地で組織が失われた、hypertrophically によるアストロ サイト3、最終的に密集したグリア瘢痕4,5を形成に置き換え。この行列は、ブロック神経の回復は6、7の機能し、は、このように、大きく再生の妨げのバリアとして機能します。組織の損失を防ぐために、破損した領域の整合性を維持することによってだけでなく、神経細胞の直接の代替を提供することにより瘢痕関連結合組織の形成を減らす適切な充填のギャップを期待すると軸索の再生を促進するための回路。
高分子生体材料として自然な細胞外マトリックス (ECM) のサポートを通じて、細胞または軸索行動と組織進行の規程に基づき、組織再生療法の足場として推奨されています。繊維の形式は、その一次元構造8により、様々 な材料のためのビルディング ブロックとして一般的と見なされます。繊維は、溶融押出成形や湿式紡糸法によって一般に得ることがただし、大きいサイズとコスト、装置およびこれらのメソッドを実行する難しさの挑戦しています。さらに、高分子繊維に関連する仕事の大半は合成または複合材料に集中しています。天然の高分子生体材料の源としては、人間の体の良い生体適合性プロパティを提供しています。それにもかかわらず、天然高分子繊維の配置を得るに比較的合成高分子ソース9のよりも難しいです。したがって、良質なたんぱく源としての天然高分子生体材料繊維への変換が重要な戦略 — だけでなく生体材料の繊維は、直接モノマーに不要な変換を回避するため、原料から分離されたが、見た目と良好な特性10またタンパク質繊維があります。
この点では、湿式紡糸、組織工学のための実験室規模で実装できるの基本的な概念を自然なポリマー繊維の生産のための安価な処理法について述べる。湿式紡糸は、押出、適したポリマー無溶剤に高分子溶液の凝固によって実行されます。適切な粘性ソリューション凝固中にドープした溶解するポリマー分子が発生します。相転移によるフィラメントの溶解度を失うし、固体高分子相11の形で沈殿します。組織再生アプリケーションのために適切考慮される成形プロセスによって管形状にゼラチンの開発を拡大してこの概念を参照します。さらに、本質的に、我々 開発することもゼラチン繊維からの材料の任意の形状 (例えば、ゼラチン コンジットを重ねいくつかのゼラチン繊維)、他のアプリケーションを必要に応じて。
ゼラチン、生分解性天然高分子は、変性、加水分解コラーゲン、コラーゲン12の結晶、非晶質、またはトリプル ヘリカル状態などから形成されます。そのコラーゲンは脊椎動物と無脊椎動物13,14神経の成長を誘導する主要な ECM の蛋白質の構造に類似しているすべての結合組織の重要な構造蛋白質をよく知られていると、同時に脊髄損傷の中に分泌するグリコサミノグリカンの大量に置き換えられます。したがって、ソースとしてゼラチンの使用は任意の医療車両に最適になります。ゼラチンは生分解性も安価なソースばかりかと cytocompatible と一時的な欠陥フィラー15に臨床的に実証済み。管形成,を in vitro および in vivo のテストここで説明は、ゼラチンは、優れた生体適合性と今後組織エンジニア リング アプリケーションの適合性を示しています。ひと脂肪幹細胞を培養、ゼラチン チューブは、神経細胞マーカーとして肯定的な特異染色による神経前駆細胞に分化を向上します。さらに、この研究では、定められた方法によって生成されるギャップ材料を充填としてゼラチンが期待されている管理しやすく安全にする組織の強化のため相関自然なポリマーの開発が現在組織の技術者が大いに再生戦略。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Solution preparation:</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin type B (porcine)</td>
			<td>Ferak</td>
			<td>Art. -Nr. 10733</td>
			<td>500 g vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wet spinning process:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>Model M312</td>
			<td>Minipuls*3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic tube connector</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>14011</td>
			<td>1 box</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe</td>
			<td>Sterican</td>
			<td>5A06258541</td>
			<td>26Gx1/2&#34;(0.45 x 12mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Ferak</td>
			<td>Art. -Nr. 00010</td>
			<td>2.5 L vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polycaprolactone CAPA 6500</td>
			<td>Perstorp</td>
			<td>24980-41-4</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dichloromethane&#160;</td>
			<td>Scharlau</td>
			<td>CL03421000</td>
			<td>1 L vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Pasteur pipette</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-678-20A</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat</td>
			<td>Shinetec instruments</td>
			<td>ST-B021</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peripheral venous catheter (Introcan Certo)</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>1B03258241</td>
			<td>24Gx3/4&#34;(0.7 x 19mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Morphology of the gelatin tube:</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ion sputter coater machine&#160;</td>
			<td>Hitachi</td>
			<td>e1010</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scanning electron microscopy</td>
			<td>Hitachi</td>
			<td>S-3000N</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cultivation of cells on the gelatin tube:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>488625</td>
			<td>100 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>923119</td>
			<td>500 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s modified Eagle&#39;s medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>31600-034</td>
			<td>Powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Keratinocyte-SFM medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10744-019</td>
			<td>500 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T25 culture flask</td>
			<td>TPP</td>
			<td>90025</td>
			<td>VENT type</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-well plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>1209938</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immunocytochemistry:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phospate-buffered saline</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>654471</td>
			<td>500 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid glacial</td>
			<td>Ferak</td>
			<td>Art. -Nr. 00697</td>
			<td>500 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP-40 surfactant (Tergitol solution)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>056K0151</td>
			<td>500 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>S-1000-20</td>
			<td>20 mL vial, concentrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nestin (primary antibody)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SC-23927</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-mouse-fluorescein isothiocyanate (secondary antibody)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SC-2099</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342</td>
			<td>Anaspec</td>
			<td>AS-83218</td>
			<td>5 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>In vivo biocompatibility test:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tiletamine+zolazepam&#160;</td>
			<td>Virbac</td>
			<td>BC91</td>
			<td>5 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer korea</td>
			<td>KR03227</td>
			<td>10 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketoprofen</td>
			<td>Astar</td>
			<td>1406232</td>
			<td>2 mL vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-iodine solution</td>
			<td>Everstar</td>
			<td>HA161202</td>
			<td>4 L barrel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cefazolin</td>
			<td>China Chemical &#38; Pharmaceutical</td>
			<td>18P909</td>
			<td>1 g vial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blade</td>
			<td>Shinetec instruments</td>
			<td>ST-B021</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical scissor</td>
			<td>Shinetec instruments</td>
			<td>ST-B021</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

wet-spinning-based molding process of gelatin for tissue regeneration

この記事は、モノフィラメント繊維または他の適切な形態に天然高分子としてゼラチンを製造するための安価な方法を示します。湿式紡糸法をゼラチン繊維は適切な凝固中のスムーズな押し出しによって生成されます。、これらのゼラチン繊維の組織の特徴を模倣する能力を機能面を向上させるため、ゼラチンは、この概念を参照して管形状に成形できます。ゼラチン チューブ, in vitro および in vivo 検査を受け、組織工学の適用のための大きな可能性を示しています。ゼラチンに (例えば、緊張または心血管系システム)、被災地域の組織を置き換えると同様幹細胞と神経回路の直接の代替を提供することによって再生を促進するためにチューブを使用ことができます適切な詰め物ギャップ材料として機能します。このプロトコルに基づいて天然高分子生体材料を作成する詳細な手順について説明し、その実装は、大きな組織再生の戦略を実現する相関の天然高分子開発メリットを得る予定です。

本研究では、正常に繊維 (図 2A) にゼラチンとユーザーフレンドリーな湿式紡糸概念を介して管 (図 2B, C) を開発しました。これらのゼラチン ベースの材料は、その形状に応じて、任意の医療ツールとして利用できます。機能表面とそのような材料のフレームがより組織再生に適しているを考えると...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Wet-spinning-based Molding Process of Gelatin for Tissue Regeneration at JoVE.com

Wet-spinning-based Molding Process of Gelatin for Tissue Regeneration

我々 は開発し、ティッシュ エンジニア リングのアプリケーションに使用されるゼラチン ベースの生体材料の構築のため、湿式紡糸概念に基づくプロトコルを記述します。

組織再生用ゼラチンのウェット ベース回転成形プロセス

This article presents an inexpensive method to fabricate gelatin, as a natural polymer, into monofilament fibers or other appropriate forms. Through the ...

このプロトコルは、単一の繊維ストリップから任意の好ましい医療用途に使用できる様々なストリップに材料を開発するために、ウェットスピニングの基本的な概念を改善します。この技術は、単純で安価であり、天然ポリマーを目的とする材料用のタンパク質のリソースにカスタマイズするための合成ポリマーの添加を必要としない。この技術は、中枢または末梢神経系治療、血管置換、または直接尿路再建などの冷間療法を殺すために生体物質の開発に拡張することができる。この方法は、組織神経化や再生医療のための戦略として含む医療用途のために意図されています.このテクニックは初心者でも簡単に実装できます。いくつかの成形の繰り返しの後、最適な形成を維持するために溶液の品質を常にチェックする必要があることに注意してください。湿った紡糸管を形成するために、最初に24ゲージを3/4インチの末梢静脈カテーテルで3秒間調製したゼラチン溶液に沈め、次いで1分間、作製したアセトン溶液に浸漬する。これらの手順を 20 回繰り返します。最後のアセトン浸漬後、成形チューブを室温で5分間乾燥させ、ヘモスタットを使用してカテーテルからガラスパスツールピペットにゼラチンチューブを慎重に移し、2.5%ポリカプロラクトンジクロロメタン溶液を使用して室温で一晩アンダーフードインキュベーションします。翌朝、75%エタノールでチューブを短時間水没させる前に、ゼラチンを紫外線下で2時間殺菌する。次いで、残存エタノールを除去するために幹細胞培地でチューブを2回洗浄する。ゼラチンチューブを細胞培養で培養するには、培養フラスコのヒト脂肪幹細胞の末端を0.25%トリプシン-EDTAの1ミリリットルに置き換え、摂氏37度と炭酸ガスを5%で3.5分間培養します。細胞が剥離したら、牛胎児血清1ミリリットルで反応を停止し、細胞懸濁液をマイクロ遠心チューブに移す。遠心分離によって細胞を収集し、幹細胞培地の1ミリリットルでペレットを再懸濁します。その後、ゼラチンチューブを幹細胞培地の3ミリリットルを含む6ウェルプレートの1つのウェルに入れる。細胞を数えた後、種子は、細胞培養インキュベーター中で2週間の培養のためにヒト脂肪幹細胞の4倍の10〜4番目のチューブに。生後8週間の雌のスプレイグ・ドーリーラットのつまみつまみへの応答の欠如によって適切なレベルの沈着を確認した後、トラペジウス領域から髪を剃り、露出した皮膚をポビドネヨウ素溶液で殺菌する。手術部位の細菌汚染を減らすために無菌外科用ドレープでラットを覆い、手術用はさみを使用して浅い2センチメートルの長い皮膚切開を行います。ゼラチンチューブを筋膜と筋肉の間の層に直接入れ、ナイロン縫合糸を使用して創傷を閉じます。次いで、ポビドンヨウ素溶液で切開を殺菌する。ケトプロフェンとセファゾリンの筋肉内注射を介してラットを誘導し、7日間無菌状態で動物を維持する。このユーザーフレンドリーな湿式紡糸の概念は繊維および管にゼラチンを開発するために使用することができる。走査型電子顕微鏡によるゼラチン管の形態学的観察は、内径200マイクロメートル以上、厚さが約20マイクロメートルのあまり滑らかな表面を明らかにしている。神経細胞マーカー発現用のヒト脂肪幹細胞培養ゼラチンチューブの染色は、細胞がゼラチンチューブに浸透して付着し、神経前駆細胞に分化できることを示唆する複数の検出された核と共にマーカーに対する陽性染色を示している。ゼラチンチューブを筋膜層に移植すると、その安全性と生体適合性が確認され、発赤、腫脹、または他の炎症症状の徴候が局所組織内で観察されず、チューブは十分に発達した結合組織に囲まれている。この2点1の手順を試みる一方で、各溶液の特定のコーティング時間における金型の浸漬を確保することは、正確なチューブ形態を構築するために非常に重要である。この手順に従って、ヒト疾患の動物モデルを用いた実験を行い、組織再生戦略のための生体材料の結果を正確に調査することができる。その開発後、この技術は、研究者が単純な相関性の性質ポリマーを決定された医療応用のためのあらゆる種類の材料に開発する道を開いた。通常の使用条件下で, ポリカプロラクタンジクロロメタン溶液は、最小限の環境の危険を提示すると考えられる, しかし、適切なバイオセーフティキャビネットでこの化学物質と任意のステップを実行することを忘れないでください.

wet-spinning-based-molding-process-of-gelatin-for-tissue-regeneration

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Expression, Isolation, and Purification of Soluble and Insoluble Biotinylated Proteins for Nerve Tissue Regeneration

Recombinant protein engineering has utilized Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems for nearly 4 decades, and today E. coli is still the most widely used host organism. The flexibility of the system allows for the addition of moieties such as a biotin tag (for streptavidin interactions) and larger functional proteins like green fluorescent protein or cherry red protein. Also, the integration of unnatural amino acids like metal ion chelators, uniquely reactive functional groups, spectroscopic probes, and molecules imparting post-translational modifications has enabled better manipulation of protein properties and functionalities. As a result this technique creates customizable fusion proteins that offer significant utility for various fields of research. More specifically, the biotinylatable protein sequence has been incorporated into many target proteins because of the high affinity interaction between biotin with avidin and streptavidin. This addition has aided in enhancing detection and purification of tagged proteins as well as opening the way for secondary applications such as cell sorting. Thus, biotin-labeled molecules show an increasing and widespread influence in bioindustrial and biomedical fields. For the purpose of our research we have engineered recombinant biotinylated fusion proteins containing nerve growth factor (NGF) and semaphorin3A (Sema3A) functional regions. We have reported previously how these biotinylated fusion proteins, along with other active protein sequences, can be tethered to biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative purposes. This protocol outlines the basics of engineering biotinylatable proteins at the milligram scale, utilizing&#160; a T7 lac inducible vector and E. coli expression hosts, starting from transformation to scale-up and purification.

Developing biotinylatable fusion proteins has many potential applications in various fields of research. Recombinant protein engineering is a straight forward procedure that is cost-effective, providing high yields of custom-designed proteins.

神経組織再生のための可溶性および不溶性ビオチン化タンパク質の発現、分離、および精製

Recombinant protein engineering has utilized Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems for nearly 4 decades, and today E. coli is still the most ...

生物工学

Rapid and Low-cost Prototyping of Medical Devices Using 3D Printed Molds for Liquid Injection Molding

Biologically inert elastomers such as silicone are favorable materials for medical device fabrication, but forming and curing these elastomers using traditional liquid injection molding processes can be an expensive process due to tooling and equipment costs. As a result, it has traditionally been impractical to use liquid injection molding for low-cost, rapid prototyping applications. We have devised a method for rapid and low-cost production of liquid elastomer injection molded devices that utilizes fused deposition modeling 3D printers for mold design and a modified desiccator as an injection system. Low costs and rapid turnaround time in this technique lower the barrier to iteratively designing and prototyping complex elastomer devices. Furthermore, CAD models developed in this process can be later adapted for metal mold tooling design, enabling an easy transition to a traditional injection molding process. We have used this technique to manufacture intravaginal probes involving complex geometries, as well as overmolding over metal parts, using tools commonly available within an academic research laboratory. However, this technique can be easily adapted to create liquid injection molded devices for many other applications.

We have devised a method for low-cost and rapid prototyping of liquid elastomer rubber injection molded devices by using fused deposition modeling 3D printers for mold design and a modified desiccator as a liquid injection system.

液体射出成形用の3Dプリント金型を用いた医療機器を迅速かつ低コストプロトタイピング

Biologically inert elastomers such as silicone are favorable materials for medical device fabrication, but forming and curing these elastomers using ...

Engineering 3D Cellularized Collagen Gels for Vascular Tissue Regeneration

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. Collagen has been extensively used for a wide range of biomedical applications and is considered a valid alternative to synthetic materials due to its inherent biocompatibility (i.e., low antigenicity, inflammation, and cytotoxic responses). However, the limited mechanical properties and the related low hand-ability of collagen gels have hampered their use as scaffold materials for vascular tissue engineering. Therefore, the rationale behind this work was first to engineer cellularized collagen gels into a tubular-shaped geometry and second to enhance smooth muscle cells driven reorganization of collagen matrix to obtain tissues stiff enough to be handled.
The strategy described here is based on the direct assembling of collagen and smooth muscle cells (construct) in a 3D cylindrical geometry with the use of a molding technique. This process requires a maturation period, during which the constructs are cultured in a bioreactor under static conditions (without applied external dynamic mechanical constraints) for 1 or 2 weeks. The &#8220;static bioreactor&#8221; provides a monitored and controlled sterile environment (pH, temperature, gas exchange, nutrient supply and waste removal) to the constructs. During culture period, thickness measurements were performed to evaluate the cells-driven remodeling of the collagen matrix, and glucose consumption and lactate production rates were measured to monitor the cells metabolic activity. Finally, mechanical and viscoelastic properties were assessed for the resulting tubular constructs. To this end, specific protocols and a focused know-how (manipulation, gripping, working in hydrated environment, and so on) were developed to characterize the engineered tissues.

In this work, we present a technique for the rapid fabrication of living vascular tissues by direct culturing of collagen, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In addition, a new protocol for the mechanical characterization of engineered vascular tissues is described.

エンジニアリング3D細胞化血管組織再生のためのコラーゲンゲル

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. ...

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

Electrospinning is a highly adaptable method producing porous 3D fibrous scaffolds that can be exploited in in vitro cell culture. Alterations to intrinsic parameters within the process allow a high degree of control over scaffold characteristics including fiber diameter, alignment and porosity. By developing scaffolds with similar dimensions and topographies to organ- or tissue-specific extracellular matrices (ECM), micro-environments representative to those that cells are exposed to in situ can be created. 
The airway bronchiole wall, comprised of three main micro-environments, was selected as a model tissue. Using decellularized airway ECM as a guide, we electrospun the non-degradable polymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), by three different protocols to produce three individual electrospun scaffolds optimized for epithelial, fibroblast or smooth muscle cell-culture. Using a commercially available bioreactor system, we stably co-cultured the three cell-types to provide an in vitro model of the airway wall over an extended time period.
This model highlights the potential for such methods being employed in in vitro diagnostic studies investigating important inter-cellular cross-talk mechanisms or assessing novel pharmaceutical targets, by providing a relevant platform to allow the culture of fully differentiated adult cells within 3D, tissue-specific environments.

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

Advancements in biomaterial technologies enable the development of three-dimensional multi-cell-type constructs. We have developed electrospinning protocols to produce three individual scaffolds to culture the main structural cells of the airway to provide a 3D in vitro model of the airway bronchiole wall.

三層のための3つのユニークな環境を提供するために、エレクトロスピニング法を適応させます<em&gt;インビトロ</em&gt;気道壁のモデル

Electrospinning is a highly adaptable method producing porous 3D fibrous scaffolds that can be exploited in in vitro cell culture. Alterations to ...

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying chemical components in complex mixtures. It is often used to analyze gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, bio-diesel and the organic fraction of bio-crude/bio-oil. In most of those analyses, the first dimension of separation is non-polar, followed by a polar separation. The aqueous fractions of bio-crude and other aqueous samples from biofuels production have been examined with similar column combinations. However, sample preparation techniques such as derivatization, solvent extraction, and solid-phase extraction were necessary prior to analysis. In this study, aqueous fractions obtained from the hydrothermal liquefaction of algae were characterized by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry without prior sample preparation techniques using a polar separation in the first dimension followed by a non-polar separation in the second. Two-dimensional plots from this analysis were compared with those obtained from the more traditional column configuration. Results from qualitative characterization of the aqueous fractions of algal bio-crude are discussed in detail. The advantages of using a polar separation followed by a non-polar separation for characterization of organics in aqueous samples by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry are highlighted.

A two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method is described for characterization of the aqueous fraction of bio-crude produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. This protocol can also be employed to analyze the aqueous fraction of liquid products from fast pyrolysis, catalytic fast pyrolysis, catalytic deoxygenation and hydro-treating.

飛行時間型質量分析法と2Dガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて藻類の水熱液化からの水性画分の質的特性評価

Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying chemical components in ...

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

Magnetically-responsive nano/micro-engineered biomaterials that enable a tightly controlled, on-demand drug delivery have been developed as new types of smart soft devices for biomedical applications. Although a number of magnetically-responsive drug delivery systems have demonstrated efficacies through either in vitro proof of concept studies or in vivo preclinical applications, their use in clinical settings is still limited by their insufficient biocompatibility or biodegradability. Additionally, many of the existing platforms rely on sophisticated techniques for their fabrications. We recently demonstrated the fabrication of biodegradable, gelatin-based thermo-responsive microgel by physically entrapping poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) chains as a minor component within a three-dimensional gelatin network. In this study, we present a facile method to fabricate a biodegradable drug release platform that enables a magneto-thermally triggered drug release. This was achieved by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and thermo-responsive polymers within gelatin-based colloidal microgels, in conjunction with an alternating magnetic field application system.

We present a facile method to fabricate a biodegradable gelatin-based drug release platform that is magneto-thermally responsive. This was achieved by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) within a spherical gelatin micro-network crosslinked by genipin, in conjunction with an alternating magnetic field application system.

制御された薬物放出のための磁場応答性ハイブリッドゼラチンマイクロゲルを交互に

Magnetically-responsive nano/micro-engineered biomaterials that enable a tightly controlled, on-demand drug delivery have been developed as new types of ...

A Paired Bead and Magnet Array for Molding Microwells with Variable Concave Geometries

A spheroid culture is a useful tool for understanding cellular behavior in that it provides an in vivo-like three-dimensional environment. Various spheroid production methods such as non-adhesive surfaces, spinner flasks, hanging drops, and microwells have been used in studies of cell-to-cell interaction, immune-activation, drug screening, stem cell differentiation, and organoid generation. Among these methods, microwells with a three-dimensional concave geometry have gained the attention of scientists and engineers, given their advantages of uniform-sized spheroid generation and the ease with which the responses of individual spheroids can be monitored. Even though cost-effective methods such as the use of flexible membranes and ice lithography have been proposed, these techniques incur serious drawbacks such as difficulty in controlling the pattern sizes, achievement of high aspect ratios, and production of larger areas of microwells. To overcome these problems, we propose a robust method for fabricating concave microwells without the need for complex high-cost facilities. This method utilizes a 30 x 30 through-hole array, several hundred micrometer-order steel beads, and magnetic force to fabricate 900 microwells in a 3 cm x 3 cm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. To demonstrate the applicability of our method to cell biological applications, we cultured adipose stem cells for 3 days and successfully produced spheroids using our microwell platform. In addition, we performed a magnetostatic simulation to investigate the mechanism, whereby magnetic force was used to trap the steel beads in the through-holes. We believe that the proposed microwell fabrication method could be applied to many spheroid-based cellular studies such as drug screening, tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and cancer metastasis.

This manuscript introduces a robust method of fabricating concave microwells without the need for complex high-cost facilities. Using magnetic force, steel beads, and a through-hole array, several hundred microwells were formed in a 3 cm x 3 cm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate.

ペアになっているビーズと磁石配列変数の凹面形状とマイクロウェルを成形

A spheroid culture is a useful tool for understanding cellular behavior in that it provides an in vivo-like three-dimensional environment. Various ...

Three-dimensional Tissue Engineered Aligned Astrocyte Networks to Recapitulate Developmental Mechanisms and Facilitate Nervous System Regeneration

Neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disease often result in lasting neurological deficits due to the limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) to replace lost neurons and regenerate axonal pathways. However, during nervous system development, neuronal migration and axonal extension often occur along pathways formed by other cells, referred to as &#34;living scaffolds&#34;. Seeking to emulate these mechanisms and to design a strategy that circumvents the inhibitory environment of the CNS, this manuscript presents a protocol to fabricate tissue engineered astrocyte-based &#34;living scaffolds&#34;. To create these constructs, we employed a novel biomaterial encasement scheme to induce astrocytes to self-assemble into dense three-dimensional bundles of bipolar longitudinally-aligned somata and processes. First, hollow hydrogel micro-columns were assembled, and the inner lumen was coated with collagen extracellular-matrix. Dissociated cerebral cortical astrocytes were then delivered into the lumen of the cylindrical micro-column and, at a critical inner diameter of &#60;350 &#181;m, spontaneously self-aligned and contracted to produce long fiber-like cables consisting of dense bundles of astrocyte processes and collagen fibrils measuring &#60;150 &#181;m in diameter yet extending several cm in length. These engineered living scaffolds exhibited &#62;97% cell viability and were virtually exclusively comprised of astrocytes expressing a combination of the intermediate filament proteins glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin. These aligned astrocyte networks were found to provide a permissive substrate for neuronal attachment and aligned neurite extension. Moreover, these constructs maintain integrity and alignment when extracted from the hydrogel encasement, making them suitable for CNS implantation. These preformed constructs structurally emulate key cytoarchitectural elements of naturally occurring glial-based &#34;living scaffolds&#34; in vivo. As such, these engineered living scaffolds may serve as test-beds to study neurodevelopmental mechanisms in vitro or facilitate neuroregeneration by directing neuronal migration and/or axonal pathfinding following CNS degeneration in vivo.

We showcase the development of self-assembled, three-dimensional bundles of longitudinally aligned astrocytic somata and processes within a novel biomaterial encasement. These engineered &#34;living scaffolds&#34;, exhibiting micron-scale diameter yet extending centimeters in length, may serve as test-beds to study neurodevelopmental mechanisms or facilitate neuroregeneration by directing neuronal migration and/or axonal pathfinding.

三次元組織配置に発達メカニズムを要約し、神経系の再生を容易にするアストロ サイト ネットワーク

Neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disease often result in lasting neurological deficits due to the limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) to ...

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics

Human embryonic stem cells demonstrate a unique ability to respond to morphogens in vitro by self-organizing patterns of cell fate specification that correspond to primary germ layer formation during embryogenesis. Thus, these cells represent a powerful tool with which to examine the mechanisms that drive early human development. We have developed a method to culture human embryonic stem cells in confined colonies on compliant substrates that provides control over both the geometry of the colonies and their mechanical environment in order to recapitulate the physical parameters that underlie embryogenesis. The key feature of this method is the ability to generate polyacrylamide hydrogels with defined patterns of extracellular matrix ligand at the surface to promote cell attachment. This is achieved by fabricating stencils with the desired geometric patterns, using these stencils to create patterns of extracellular matrix ligand on glass coverslips, and transferring these patterns to polyacrylamide hydrogels during polymerization. This method is also compatible with traction force microscopy, allowing the user to measure and map the distribution of cell-generated forces within the confined colonies. In combination with standard biochemical assays, these measurements can be used to examine the role mechanical cues play in fate specification and morphogenesis during early human development.

Extracellular matrix ligands can be patterned onto polyacrylamide hydrogels to enable the culture of human embryonic stem cells in confined colonies on compliant substrates. This method can be combined with traction force microscopy and biochemical assays to examine the interplay between tissue geometry, cell-generated forces, and fate specification.

組織レベルの力学を制御するための準拠基板上のヒト胚性幹細胞コロニーの幾何学的パターン化

Human embryonic stem cells demonstrate a unique ability to respond to morphogens in vitro by self-organizing patterns of cell fate specification that ...

Protocols of 3D Bioprinting of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Based Bioinks

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has become a popular biomaterial in the field of bioprinting. The derivation of this material is gelatin, which is hydrolyzed from mammal collagen. Thus, the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequences and target motifs of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) remain on the molecular chains, which help achieve cell attachment and degradation. Furthermore, formation properties of GelMA are versatile. The methacrylamide groups allow a material to become rapidly crosslinked under light irradiation in the presence of a photoinitiator. Therefore, it makes great sense to establish suitable methods for synthesizing three-dimensional (3D) structures with this promising material. However, its low viscosity restricts GelMA's printability. Presented here are methods to carry out 3D bioprinting of GelMA hydrogels, namely the fabrication of GelMA microspheres, GelMA fibers, GelMA complex structures, and GelMA-based microfluidic chips. The resulting structures and biocompatibility of the materials as well as the printing methods are discussed. It is believed that this protocol may serve as a bridge between previously applied biomaterials and GelMA as well as contribute to the establishment of GelMA-based 3D architectures for biomedical applications.

Presented here is a method for the 3D bioprinting of gelatin methacryloyl.

ゼラチンメタクリロイルヒドロゲルベースバイオインクの3Dバイオプリンティングのプロトコル

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has become a popular biomaterial in the field of bioprinting. The derivation of this material is gelatin, which is hydrolyzed ...

組織再生用ゼラチンのウェット ベース回転成形プロセス

組織再生用ゼラチンのウェットベース回転成形プロセス