Name: a facile synthetic method to obtain bismuth oxyiodide microspheres highly functional for the photocatalytic processes of water depuration
Uploaded: 2019-03-29T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Facile Synthetic Method to Obtain Bismuth Oxyiodide Microspheres Highly Functional for the Photocatalytic Processes of Water Depuration at JoVE.com

提交人感谢墨西哥城市技术秘书通过资助的主管西/2016年主管项目和国家科学和技术发展基金为开展这项工作提供的资源。智利 (FONDECYT 11170431)。

注: 在使用化学试剂之前, 请阅读所有材料安全数据表 (MSDS)。穿着实验室外套和手套, 遵守所有的安全规程。在光催化测试中佩戴紫外线防护安全眼镜。请注意, 与前体相比, 纳米材料可能会产生重要的危险影响。
1. BiOI 微球的制备
<ol><li>对于溶液 1, 在玻璃烧杯中的60毫升乙二醇中溶解2.9104 克的硝酸钡 (BI(No3)3;对于溶液 2, 将 0....

<ol>
	<li>Yu, C., Zhou, W., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Dionysiou, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+and+fabrication+of+microsphere+photocatalysts+for+environmental+purification+and+energy+conversion.">Design and fabrication of microsphere photocatalysts for environmental purification and energy conversion.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 287, 117-129 (2016).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Semiconductor+heterojunction+photocatalysts:+Design,+construction,+and+photocatalytic+performances.">Semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts: Design, construction, and photocatalytic performances.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (15), 5234-5244 (2014).</li><li>Chou, S. Y., Chen, C. C., Dai, Y. M., Lin, J. H., Lee, W. 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W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+hydrothermal+synthesis+of+bismuth+oxychloride/bismuth+oxybromide/bismuth+oxyiodide+composites+exhibiting+visible-light+photocatalytic+degradation+of+2-hydroxybenzoic+acid+and+crystal+violet.">Controlled hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth oxychloride/bismuth oxybromide/bismuth oxyiodide composites exhibiting visible-light photocatalytic degradation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and crystal violet.</a> Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 526, 322-336 (2018).</li><li>Meng, X., Zhang, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bismuth-based+photocatalytic+semiconductors:+Introduction,+challenges+and+possible+approaches.">Bismuth-based photocatalytic semiconductors: Introduction, challenges and possible approaches.</a> Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. 423, 533-549 (2016).</li><li>Wang, Y., Deng, K., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visible+light+photocatalysis+of+BiOI+and+its+photocatalytic+activity+enhancement+by+in+situ+ionic+liquid+modification.">Visible light photocatalysis of BiOI and its photocatalytic activity enhancement by in situ ionic liquid modification.</a> Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 115 (29), 14300-14308 (2011).</li><li>Xiao, X., Zhang, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=De+Facile+synthesis+of+nanostructured+BiOI+microspheres+with+high+visible+light-induced+photocatalytic+activity.">De Facile synthesis of nanostructured BiOI microspheres with high visible light-induced photocatalytic activity.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry. 20 (28), 5866-5870 (2010).</li><li>Chen, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bismuth+oxyfluoride/bismuth+oxyiodide+nanocomposites+enhance+visible-light-driven+photocatalytic+activity.">Bismuth oxyfluoride/bismuth oxyiodide nanocomposites enhance visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity.</a> Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 532, 375-386 (2018).</li><li>Xia, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-assembly+and+enhanced+photocatalytic+properties+of+BiOI+hollow+microspheres+via+a+reactable+ionic+liquid.">Self-assembly and enhanced photocatalytic properties of BiOI hollow microspheres via a reactable ionic liquid.</a> Langmuir. 27 (3), 1200-1206 (2011).</li><li>Mera, A. C., Contreras, D., Escalona, N., Mansilla, H. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BiOI+microspheres+for+photocatalytic+degradation+of+gallic+acid.">BiOI microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of gallic acid.</a> Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 318, 71-76 (2016).</li><li>Pan, M., Zhang, H., Gao, G., Liu, L., Chen, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facet-dependent+catalytic+activity+of+nanosheet-assembled+bismuth+oxyiodide+microspheres+in+degradation+of+bisphenol+A.">Facet-dependent catalytic activity of nanosheet-assembled bismuth oxyiodide microspheres in degradation of bisphenol A.</a> Environmental Science and Technology. 49 (10), 6240-6248 (2015).</li><li>Hu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solvents+mediated-synthesis+of+BiOI+photocatalysts+with+tunable+morphologies+and+their+visible-light+driven+photocatalytic+performances+in+removing+of+arsenic+from+water.">Solvents mediated-synthesis of BiOI photocatalysts with tunable morphologies and their visible-light driven photocatalytic performances in removing of arsenic from water.</a> Journal of Hazardous Materials. 264, 293-302 (2014).</li><li>Ye, L., Su, Y., Jin, X., Xie, H., Zhang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+BiOX+(X+=+Cl,+Br+and+I)+photocatalysts:+Synthesis,+modification,+facet+effects+and+mechanisms.">Recent advances in BiOX (X = Cl, Br and I) photocatalysts: Synthesis, modification, facet effects and mechanisms.</a> Environmental Science: Nano. 1 (2), 90-112 (2014).</li><li>Qin, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three+dimensional+BiOX+(X=Cl,+Br+and+I)+hierarchical+architectures:+Facile+ionic+liquid-assisted+solvothermal+synthesis+and+photocatalysis+towards+organic+dye+degradation.">Three dimensional BiOX (X=Cl, Br and I) hierarchical architectures: Facile ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal synthesis and photocatalysis towards organic dye degradation.</a> Materials Letters. 100, 285-288 (2013).</li><li>Chou, S. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+series+of+BiO+x+I+y/GO+photocatalysts:+synthesis,+characterization,+activity,+and+mechanism.">A series of BiO x I y/GO photocatalysts: synthesis, characterization, activity, and mechanism.</a> RSC Advances. 6 (86), 82743-82758 (2016).</li><li>Shi, X., Chen, X., Chen, X., Zhou, S., Lou, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solvothermal+synthesis+of+BiOI+hierarchical+spheres+with+homogeneous+sizes+and+their+high+photocatalytic+performance.">Solvothermal synthesis of BiOI hierarchical spheres with homogeneous sizes and their high photocatalytic performance.</a> Materials Letters. 68, 296-299 (2012).</li><li>Di, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactable+ionic+liquid-assisted+rapid+synthesis+of+BiOI+hollow+microspheres+at+room+temperature+with+enhanced+photocatalytic+activity.">Reactable ionic liquid-assisted rapid synthesis of BiOI hollow microspheres at room temperature with enhanced photocatalytic activity.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (38), 15864-15874 (2014).</li><li>Ren, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controllable+synthesis+of+hollow/flower-like+BiOI+microspheres+and+highly+efficient+adsorption+and+photocatalytic+activity.">Controllable synthesis of hollow/flower-like BiOI microspheres and highly efficient adsorption and photocatalytic activity.</a> CrystEngComm. 14 (13), 4384-4390 (2012).</li><li>Lei, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Room+temperature,+template-free+synthesis+of+BiOI+hierarchical+structures:+Visible-light+photocatalytic+and+electrochemical+hydrogen+storage+properties.">Room temperature, template-free synthesis of BiOI hierarchical structures: Visible-light photocatalytic and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties.</a> Dalton Transactions. 39 (13), 3273-3278 (2010).</li><li>Montoya-Zamora, J. M., Mart&#237;nez-de la Cruz, A., L&#243;pez Cu&#233;llar, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+photocatalytic+activity+of+BiOI+synthesized+in+presence+of+EDTA.">Enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOI synthesized in presence of EDTA.</a> Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 75, 307-316 (2017).</li><li>He, R., Zhang, J., Yu, J., Cao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Room-temperature+synthesis+of+BiOI+with+tailorable+(0+0+1)+facets+and+enhanced+photocatalytic+activity.">Room-temperature synthesis of BiOI with tailorable (0 0 1) facets and enhanced photocatalytic activity.</a> Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 478, 201-208 (2016).</li><li>Song, J. M., Mao, C. J., Niu, H. L., Shen, Y. H., Zhang, S. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hierarchical+structured+bismuth+oxychlorides:+self-assembly+from+nanoplates+to+nanoflowers+via+a+solvothermal+route+and+their+photocatalytic+properties.">Hierarchical structured bismuth oxychlorides: self-assembly from nanoplates to nanoflowers via a solvothermal route and their photocatalytic properties.</a> CrystEngComm. 12, 3875-3881 (2010).</li><li>Mera, A. C., V&#225;ldes, H., Jamett, F. J., Mel&#233;ndrez, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BiOBr+microspheres+for+photocatalytic+degradation+of+an+anionic+dye.">BiOBr microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of an anionic dye.</a> Solid State Science. 65, 15-21 (2017).</li><li>Kong, X. Y., Lee, W. C., Ong, W. J., Chai, S. P., Mohamed, A. 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我们认为前体的混合物是 BiOI 微球溶热合成的关键步骤。KI 溶液缓慢滴入 Bi (NO3) 3 溶液 (最大为 1 mlmin)对于获得介孔微球至关重要, 因为它允许 [bi2o2]+ 2 板的缓慢形成和自组装, 然后与碘化物原子结合形成 BiOI 层压板。层板是溶热步骤中微球的砖 (图 1)。温度和反应时间是太阳热合成的关键因素, 因为高温最初允许 [bi2o2]+</su...

迄今为止, 已经合成了大量半导体, 其目的是在可见光照射下实现高活性的光催化剂, 以降解有机化合物或以氢1,2的形式产生可再生能源。氧氧化物 (x = cl、br 或 i) 是这种应用的候选产品, 因为它们在可见光或模拟阳光照射下具有较高的光催化效率, 为 3,4。氧卤化物的带隙能 (e g)随卤化物原子序数的增加而减小;因此, BiOI 是显示最低活化能 (Eg = 1.8 ev)5的材料。通过范德华力与钡原子结合的碘化物原子, 产生了一个有利于电荷载体向半导体表面迁移的电场, 从而触发光催化过程4,6。此外, 晶粒的结构在电荷载体的分离中具有关键的作用。(001) 平面和三维结构 (如微球) 中的高取向结构可促进辐照时的电荷载体分离, 从而提高光催化性能7,8,9,10,11,12. 鉴于此, 有必要开发可靠的合成方法, 以获得提高氧卤化钡材料光活性的结构。
到目前为止, 溶热法是获得 bioi 微球 13、14、15、16的最常用和研究的途径。还报告了使用离子液体的一些方法 17, 尽管与这些方法有关的费用可能更高。微球结构通常是使用有机溶剂, 如乙二醇, 作为协调剂形成金属烷氧基, 导致 [Bi 2o2]2 +种类逐渐自组装 18,19. 与乙二醇一起使用溶热路线, 通过改变反应中的温度和反应时间4、18等关键参数, 促进了不同形态的形成。关于获得 BiOI 微球的合成方法, 有大量的文献, 这些文献显示了实现高光活性结构的对比信息。该详细协议旨在展示一种可靠的合成方法, 以获得生物交换微球在水中污染物光催化降解方面的高功能。我们打算帮助新的研究人员成功地获得这种材料, 避免与合成过程有关的最常见的陷阱。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>383074</td>
			<td>ACS reagent, &#8805;98.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium iodide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>746428</td>
			<td>ACS reagent, &#8805;98.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylene glycol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>324558</td>
			<td>Anhydrous, 99.8%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Meyer</td>
			<td>5405</td>
			<td>Technical Grade, 96%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ciprofloxacin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>17850</td>
			<td>HPLC, &#8805;98.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for the Band gap determination by the Tauc model.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>JSM-5600 Scanning Electron Microscope</td>
			<td>JOEL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for the SEM images.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autosob-1</td>
			<td>Qantachrome Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for the determination of surface area and pore diameter.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOC-L Total Organic Carbon Analyzer</td>
			<td>Shimadzu</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for determination of total organic carbon in water samples.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bruker AXS D8 Advance - X-ray Diffraction</td>
			<td>Bruker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Determination of crystal structure and crystallite size</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a facile synthetic method to obtain bismuth oxyiodide microspheres highly functional for the photocatalytic processes of water depuration

氧钡是一种很有前途的太阳-环境光催化材料。鉴于这类材料的物理结构与其光催化性能密切相关, 有必要对合成方法进行标准化, 以获得功能最强的结构, 从而获得最高的光催化性能效率。在这里, 我们报告了一个可靠的途径, 以获得 bioi 微球通过溶热过程, 使用 Bi (NO3)3和碘化钾 (ki) 作为前体和乙二醇作为模板。该合成在一个150毫升的高压灭菌器中标准化, 在126°c 的18小时内进行。这就产生了2-3 微米大小的介孔微球, 具有相关的比表面积 (61.3 米2/)。缩短合成过程中的反应时间会产生非晶态结构, 而较高的温度会导致微球的孔隙率略有增加, 对光催化性能没有影响。这些材料在 Uv-a/可见光照射下具有光活性, 可使抗生素环丙沙星在水中降解。这种方法已被证明是有效的实验室间测试, 获得类似的 BiOI 微球在墨西哥和智利的研究小组。

采用该合成方法成功合成了 BiOI 的三维微结构。图 1a-c所示的 sem 图像证实了这一点。微球是由 [Bi2o2]2 + 的层流结构形成的, 由两个碘化原子1结合。微球的形成取决于太阳热过程的温度和时间, 因为这些参数决定了氧卤化物3、4、<su...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Facile Synthetic Method to Obtain Bismuth Oxyiodide Microspheres Highly Functional for the Photocatalytic Processes of Water Depuration at JoVE.com

A Facile Synthetic Method to Obtain Bismuth Oxyiodide Microspheres Highly Functional for the Photocatalytic Processes of Water Depuration

本文介绍了一种合成方法, 以获得在 Uv-a-可见光照射下, 在水中对环丙沙星等有机污染物进行光催化去除的高效微球。

一种用于水降解光催化过程的高效双氧化二碘微球合成方法

Bismuth oxyhalide (BiOI) is a promising material for sunlight-driven-environmental photocatalysis. Given that the physical structure of this kind of ...

该协议为合成在可见光照射下具有光催化活性的二氧化二甲氧化微球提供了可靠的方法。在这里，我们提出了关键参数，通过解热法成功地合成了这种三维结构。该方法的主要优点之一是，通过改变温度、加热时间等关键参数，可以获得不同的结构。例如，已经获得了微球叶和花样结构。通过这种方法，可以获得光催化活性材料，这些材料已经证明能够有效地去除污染水中的有机污染物、细菌甚至重物。在更高的尺度上，可以使用光催化来清洁水供人类使用。这种方法可以提供有关其他基于双目的材料的合成的一些见解，这些物质在诸如一氧化碳氧化以及人工光合作用等其他催化反应中已被报道为有效。要开始制备溶液之一，在玻璃烧杯中溶解2.9克硝酸二丁酸二酯五合二醇。对于溶液二，在玻璃烧杯中溶解60毫升乙二醇中的一克碘化钾。使用微移管以每分钟一毫升的流量将溶液 2 添加到溶液中，以每分钟一毫升的流量一滴一滴地加入溶液中，以创建黄色悬浮液。突然添加溶液二将形成黑色，由于二氧化硅四核胺的形成。在这种情况下，必须中止合成并重新开始。在制造前体时，必须等到滴水溶液周围的黄色消失，然后再将碘化钾的下一步添加到二氧化钾溶液中。在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟后，将混合物转移到150毫升的自风机反应器中。使用乙二醇冲洗烧杯，旋转烧杯，从侧壁上去除剩余的悬浮液，并紧紧关闭反应器。将自 <3> <3>化反应器放在熔炉中。将温度设置为 126 摄氏度，温度为每分钟 2 度，并在熔炉中保持 18 小时。之后，将核子棒反应器从炉子中拿出来冷却。不要打开热反应器以避免释放碘气。将 0.8 微米滤纸粘附在玻璃漏斗的墙壁上。将悬浮液从反应器倒入漏斗中，并使用乙二醇冲洗反应器。分别使用去离子水和绝对乙醇清洗过滤器上保留的固体，以去除无机离子和乙二醇。替代洗涤溶剂，直到浸出液无色。使用去维水作为最后一步洗涤步骤，以去除任何乙醇的痕迹。将产品放入烤箱，在 80 摄氏度下放置 24 小时。之后，将粉末材料从过滤器中分离出来，在玛瑙砂浆中均质。然后将材料在干燥器中转移到琥珀色玻璃瓶中。将30毫克的样品放入分光光度计的祈祷蟑螂配件的样品口中。光源为 200 至 800 纳米，照射粉末样品并继续如手稿中所述。通过此表征获得的带隙值约为 1.8 电子伏特。为了制造百万分之30的测试溶液，在250毫升蒸馏水中溶解7.5毫克的丙丙沙星。然后将测试溶液转移到光催化反应器中，并在25摄氏度的磁搅拌下彻底搅拌溶液。从管道中，以每分钟 100 毫升的速度将干燥空气从油箱吹泡到溶液中，以保持空气饱和度。将 70 瓦灯放置到光反应器上方 5 厘米的距离处。在测试溶液中加入 62.5 毫克的二氧化二碘微球，达到每升 0.25 克的负载。立即使用玻璃注射器服用8毫升样品。使用玻璃注射器采取第二个八毫升样品，以测量有机分子在双氧二丁二氮表面的吸收，然后打开光。在所需的辐照期照射后采集 12 个样本。通过尼龙膜过滤所有提取的样品。将过滤过的样品存放在四摄氏度的玻璃瓶中。将玻璃瓶装入 TOC 设备。本设备通过红外探测器分析液体样品中剩余总和无机碳的浓度。采用合成方法成功合成了二氧化二甲酸酯的三维微结构。SEM图像显示了在126摄氏度下在126摄氏度下进行解热处理获得的完美的球形结构，长达18小时。当在130摄氏度下进行解热治疗时，只进行了12个小时，就观察到了无定形结构。当在160度下进行18小时的治疗时，实现了双血性牛碘化物的中孔微球。比较了在126摄氏度和160摄氏度下进行18小时热处理的二氧化二碘微球的X射线衍射模式，以及0D二氧化二甲醛材料。峰值强度的衰减以及衍射模式的扩大表明，当获得微球时，晶体的方向会丢失。通过在UVA可见光照射下纯水中的黄丙沙星降解，评估了微球的光催化活性。用乙醇和水洗的二氧化二碘化物比只用水洗的二氧化二碘化剂的矿化率更高。光解不能完全氧化有机分子。请记住，二氧化二甲酸二甲酸剂非常独特。因此，在双目溶液中添加碘化物的速度必须很慢，从而产生微球结构的形成。该方法获得的微球可用于其他环境光催化线。有必要测试它们的能力引入反应，以产生氢气，并减少水中的重金属。这一程序的发展为合成其他3D二氧化二氮化物铺平了道路，如已知可能产生高氧化物种的二氧化二溴二氧化二氧化二溴二氧化二溴二氧化

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Optimization of Synthetic Proteins: Identification of Interpositional Dependencies Indicating Structurally and/or Functionally Linked Residues

优化合成蛋白质：Interpositional依赖性的鉴定指示在结构和/或功能性连接的残留

Protein alignments are commonly used to evaluate the similarity of protein residues, and the derived consensus sequence used for identifying functional ...

科研

化学

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

对磷酸增强富集制备高度多孔配位聚合物涂层的孔聚合物石柱的

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous ...

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

合成与盘状磷酸盐锆剥落获取胶体液晶

Due to their abundance in natural clay and potential applications in advanced materials, discotic nanoparticles are of interest to scientists and ...

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology

高稳定性，功能性毛纳米粒子和木纤维生物聚合物：迈向可持续纳米技术

Nanoparticles, as one of the key materials in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, have gained significant importance during the past decade. While ...

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

使用Photoredox催化剂蠕虫状胶束的简便合成可见光介导的分散聚合

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

自旋饱和转移差异核磁共振（NMR SSTD）：一种新的工具来获得化学交换过程的动力学参数

This detailed protocol describes the new Spin Saturation Transfer Difference Nuclear Magnetic Resonance protocol (SSTD NMR), recently developed in our ...

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal&#8211;Organic Complex Array

Synthesis of a Water-soluble MetalÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œOrganic Complex Array

一个水溶性金属 - 有机络合物阵列合成

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as ...

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

二氧化钛<sub&gt; 2</sub与由软化学法合成的超疏水性和高IR反射属性&gt;涂覆的空心玻璃微球

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

界面化学键合在TiO中的作用<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; -SiO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;复合材料对其光催化NOx消除性能的影响

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical ...

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

色斑试验作为合成 Cathinones 快速检测的推定工具

Synthetic cathinones are a large class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are increasingly prevalent in drug seizures made by law enforcement and ...