Name: a silicon-tipped fiber-optic sensing platform with high resolution and fast response
Uploaded: 2019-01-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了美国海军研究实验室 (编号) 的支持。N0017315P0376, n001717315p3755);美国海军研究办公室 (编号:n000141410139, N000141410139);美国能源部 (编号:de-sc0018273, de-ac02-09ch11466, de-ac05-00or22725)。

1. 低密度传感器的制造
<ol><li>制作硅柱。将一块200微米厚的双侧抛光 (dsp) 硅片图案制成独立的硅柱 (图 2a), 采用标准的微机电系统 (mems) 制造方便。 注: 图案晶片使用一层薄薄的光刻胶粘合在另一个较大的硅晶片上。光刻胶的粘结力足够强, 可以将支柱垂直固定, 但也足够弱, 可以从基板上分离, 以便以后再采取步骤。</li>
	<li>准备引线纤维。剥去单模光纤远端的塑料涂层?...

<ol>
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Alcator C-Mod Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alcator_C-Mod_Tokamak_Interior.jpg">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alcator_C-Mod_Tokamak_Interior.jpg</a> (2018)</li><li>Meister, H., Willmeroth, M., Zhang, D., Gottwald, A., Krumrey, M., Scholze, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Broad-band+efficiency+calibration+of+ITER+bolometer+prototypes+using+Pt+absorbers+on+SiN+membranes.">Broad-band efficiency calibration of ITER bolometer prototypes using Pt absorbers on SiN membranes.</a> Review of Scientific Instruments. 84, 123501 (2013).</li><li>Peterson, B. 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硅 fpi 的尺寸 (长度和直径) 的选择是在分辨率和速度要求之间进行权衡的基础上进行的。通常, 较小的尺寸提供了更高的速度, 但也会降低分辨率2。短长度有利于获得更高的速度, 但由于反射槽的 fwhm 扩大, 它并不优于获得较高的分辨率。使用 hr 涂层来降低 fwhm 可以帮助提高分辨率, 但由于使用激光扫描进行信号解调, 它将限制动态范围。较小的直径会增加速度, 但直径应大于引线...

光纤传感器 (foss) 以其独特的体积、低成本、重量轻、抗电磁干扰 (emi)等独特的性能成为许多研究人员关注的焦点。这些 fos 在环境监测、海洋监测、石油勘探和工业加工等许多领域得到了广泛的应用。在温度相关传感方面, 在需要测量微小温度和快速温度变化的情况下, 传统的 fos 在分辨率和速度方面并不优越。这些限制源于许多传统 foss 所依赖的熔融二氧化硅材料的光学和热特性。一方面, 二氧化硅的热光系数 (toc) 和热膨胀系数 (tec) 分别为 1.28x10-5 riu/°c 和 5.5x10-7 m/c (m·°c); 这些值导致温度灵敏度在 1550 nm 附近仅约 13 pm/°c。另一方面, 以热能交换为响应的温度变化速度的热扩散系数仅为 1.4 x10-6 m 2; 这个值并不优于提高硅基 foss 的速度。
本文所报道的光纤传感平台 (fosp) 打破了上述熔融硅基 foss 的局限性。新的 fosp 利用晶体硅作为关键传感材料, 在光纤的末端形成高质量的法布里-珀罗干涉仪 (fpi), 这里称为硅尖 fosp (si-fop)。图 1显示了传感器头的原理图和工作原理, 传感器头是 si-fop 的核心。传感器头基本上由硅 fpi 组成, 其反射谱具有一系列周期性条纹。当 opl 满足 2nl = n, 其中 n 和 l 分别为硅 fp 腔的折射率和长度时, 就会发生破坏性干扰, 而 n 则是一个整数, 即条纹缺口的顺序。因此, 干涉条纹的位置对硅腔的 opl 有响应。根据具体应用的不同, 硅 fpi 可分为两种类型: 低精巧的 fpi 和高精巧的 fpi。低精巧 fpi 对硅腔两端具有较低的反射率, 而高精度 fpi 对硅腔两端具有较高的反射率。硅空气和硅光纤接口的反射率大约为30% 和 18%,因此图 1a所示的唯一硅 fpi 本质上是低精巧的 fpi。通过在两端涂覆薄的高反射率 (hr) 层, 形成了一个高精度的硅 fpi (图 1b)。hr 涂层 (介质或黄金) 的反射率可高达98%。对于这两种类型的 si-fosp, 当温度升高时, n 和 l 都会增加。因此, 通过监测条纹偏移, 可以推断温度变化。请注意, 对于相同数量的波长偏移, 由于边缘缺口要狭窄得多, 高细的 fpi 会提供更好的判别 (图 1c)。虽然高精巧的 si-fosp 具有更好的分辨率, 但低精巧的 si-fosp 具有更大的动态范围。因此, 这两个版本之间的选择取决于特定应用程序的要求。此外, 由于低精度和高精细硅 fpi 在半最大 (fwhm) 处的全宽差异较大, 因此其信号解调方法也不同。例如, 当唯一硅 fpi 的两端涂有98% 的 hr 层时, 1.5 nm 的理论 fwhm 减少了约 50倍, 仅为下午30倍。因此, 对于低精度的 si-fosp, 高速光谱仪足以用于数据收集和处理, 而扫描激光则应用于对高精巧的 si-fosp 进行解调, 因为 fwhm 的范围要狭窄得多, 无法通过光谱仪。协议中将对两种解调方法进行解释。
这里选择的硅材料在分辨率方面优于温度传感。相比之下, 硅的 toc 和 tec 分别为 1.5 x10-4 riu/°c 和 2.55x10-6 m/°c, 导致温度敏感性约为84.6 平方米/°c, 比所有硅基 fos2 高 6.5倍.  除了这种更高的灵敏度外, 我们还演示了一种平均波长跟踪方法, 以降低噪声水平, 从而提高低技能传感器的分辨率, 从而实现 6x10-4°c 2 的温度分辨率 . 与所有硅基 fos3的0.2°c 分辨率的比较。对于高度精巧的版本4, 分辨率进一步提高为 1.2 x10-4°c。 硅材料在速度方面也优于传感。相比之下, 硅的热扩散系数为 88x10-5 m 2/,比二氧化硅2高出60倍以上. 结合较小的占地面积 (例如, 80μm 直径, 200μm 厚度), 硅 fos 的响应时间为0.51ms, 与 x214f 耦合器尖端温度传感器5的16毫秒相比, 已被证明为2。 虽然其他 6、7、8、9组报告了一些以超薄硅膜为传感材料的温度测量研究工作, 但都没有在分辨率或速度方面具有我们传感器的性能。例如, 报告了分辨率仅为0.12°c、响应时间较长的传感器 1 s。7据报道, 0.064°c 的温度分辨率较好,10; 然而, 速度受到相对笨重的传感器头的限制。新的制造方法和数据处理算法是使 si-fosp 与众不同的原因。
除了上述温度传感的优点外, si-fosp 还可以开发成各种与温度相关的传感器, 旨在测量不同的参数, 如气体压力11、空气或水流12、13 ,14和辐射4,15。 本文详细介绍了传感器制造和信号解调协议及其三种具有代表性的应用及其结果。

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">200 Proof Pure Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Koptec</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">V1001</td>
			<td style="width:391px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">5 Channels Duplex CWDM</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Fiber Store</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">5MDD-ABS-FSCWDM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Butterfly Laser Diode Mounts</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Tholabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">LM14S2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">CastAway CTD</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Yellow Springs Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">CTD</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Seabird</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">SBE 19plus</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Current Meter</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Nortek</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Vector</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Data Acquisition Device</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">NIUSB4366</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Digital Oscilloscope</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">RIGOL</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">DS1204B</td>
			<td>200 MHz 2 GSa/s</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Diode Laser</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">LM9LP</td>
			<td>Wavelength: 632 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Fixed BNC Terminator Kit</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">FTK01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Function Waveform Generator&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">RIGOL</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">DG4162</td>
			<td>160 MHz 500 GSa/s</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">High Precision Cleaver</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Fujikura</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">CT-32</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">High Reflection Dielectric Coating</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Evaporated Coating INC (ECI)</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td>Materials and structure of the coating are unknown</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">I-MON 512 Spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Ibsen Phtonics</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">P/N: 1257110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">InGaAs Biased Detector</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Tholabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">DET01CFC</td>
			<td>FC/PC output:0-10V; Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:251px;">Laser Diode</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Qphotonic</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">QFLD-405-20S</td>
			<td>Wavelength: 405 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;width:251px;">Laser Diode Current Controller</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Tholabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">LDC 210C</td>
			<td>1 A and 100 mA range&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Laser Diode Temperature Controller</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Tholabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">TEC 200C</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Latex Examination Gloves</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">HCS</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Micro Slides</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Corning Incorporated</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Narrow Linewidth DFB Laser</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Eblana</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">EP1550-NLW-B06-100FM</td>
			<td>Wavelength:1550 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Sumitomo electric industries, LTD</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">3822-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Optical Microscope and Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Ikegami Tsushinki Company</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">PM-127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Optical Spectrum Analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Yokogawa</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">AQ6370C</td>
			<td>wavelength range: 600-1700 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Polish Machine</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">ULTRA TEC</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">41076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Post-mountable Irises</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Pump Laser</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Gooch and Housego</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">0400-0974-SM</td>
			<td>Wavelength: 980 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Si Amplified Photodetector</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">PDA36A</td>
			<td>Wavelength: 350-1100 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Silicon wafer</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">University Wafer</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td>thickness: 10 &#181;m, 200 &#181;m, 75 &#181;m, 40 &#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Single mode fiber&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">SMF-28</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:251px;">Single Mode Fused&#160; Fiber Coupler</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td>Wavelength: 1550 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">SM 125 interogrator</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Micron Optics</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Submersible Aquarium Pump</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Songlong</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">SL-403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Superluminscent LED</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Denselight Semiconductors</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">DL-BP1-1501A</td>
			<td>wavelength range:1510-1590 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Syringe Pump</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">74905-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Travel Translation Stage</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">LT1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">UV curable glue</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Epoxy Technology</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">PB109077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">UVGL-15 Compact UV Lmap</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">UVP</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">P/N:95-0017-09</td>
			<td>254/365 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Variable Optical Attenuators</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Tholabs</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">M-VA/00016951 P/N: VOA50-APC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a silicon-tipped fiber-optic sensing platform with high resolution and fast response

在本文中, 我们介绍了一个创新的和有前途的光纤传感平台 (fosp), 我们最近提出和演示。该 fosp 依赖于连接到光纤端的硅法布里-珀罗干涉仪 (fpi), 在本工作中称为 si-fosp。si-fosp 产生由硅腔的光路长度 (opl) 确定的干涉图。测量改变 opl, 从而改变干涉图。由于硅材料具有独特的光学和热特性, 这种 si-fosp 在灵敏度和速度方面表现出了优异的性能。此外, 成熟的硅制造行业为 si-fosp 提供了出色的重现性和较低的成本, 用于实际应用。根据具体的应用, 将使用低精巧或高精巧版本, 并相应地采用两种不同的数据解调方法。将提供用于制造两个版本的 si-fosp 的详细协议。将显示三个具有代表性的应用程序及其相应的结果。第一个是用于分析海洋温跃层的水下温度计原型, 第二个是测量海洋流速的流量计, 最后一个是用于监测磁限辐射的气压计高温等离子体。

硅-fosp 作为水下温度计, 用于分析海洋温跃层 最近的海洋学研究表明, 水下成像的模糊不仅源于受污染水域的浊度, 也源于清洁海洋中的温度微结构 17,18。后一种效应一直是许多海洋学家关注的焦点, 目的是找到一种有效的方法来纠正模糊的图像19, 更好地理解和改善水中的光通信, 以及开发对湍流...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response at JoVE.com

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

本工作报告了一个创新的硅尖光纤传感平台 (si-fosp), 用于对各种物理参数 (如温度、流量和辐射) 进行高分辨率和快速响应测量。这种 si-fosp 的应用范围从海洋学研究、机械工业到聚变能源研究。

一种高分辨率、快速响应的硅尖光纤传感平台

In this article, we introduce an innovative and practically promising fiber-optic sensing platform (FOSP) that we proposed and demonstrated recently. This ...

该方法产生了一个创新的、适应性强的光纤传感平台。该平台的开发最初是由"海洋"号驱动的，用于创建用于海洋水域湍流特性的水下温度计。该平台的优点包括高灵敏度、更快响应和小尺寸，以及由于使用成熟的 MEMS 制造技术而具有出色的可制造性。它可用于许多与温度相关的测量，例如湍流特性的温度测量、液体和气体流量测量，以及某些融合中高温等离子体产生的辐射。使用光谱仪在长椅上制造传感器。第一步是在硅晶片上制造硅柱。这种晶圆有独立的支柱，可以用于传感器。此示意图概述了柱子。它们采用标准微机电系统制造方法，采用200微米厚的双面抛光硅晶圆。光面在每个柱子和基板的顶部。剥离光纤的塑料涂层，准备引线光纤。使用浸在酒精中的透镜组织清洁剥离的部分。将清洁的光纤到光纤切割机中切割。接下来，获取紫外线固化胶和玻璃滑梯。在玻璃滑梯上滴一点紫外线固化胶。然后，手动摆动或旋转涂层幻灯片以分配胶水。胶水将放在表面上的薄层中。获取切割的引出纤维，然后将其端面按在幻灯片上以转移胶水。将光纤的另一端连接到传感器询问器，以监控反射频谱。然后，使用硅柱和纤维的切开端。将带柱的晶圆放在水平平面上移动的平移阶段。将光纤固定到垂直移动的线性级。调整阶段以使光纤与其中一根支柱对齐，同时使用实时反射频谱作为反馈。此反射光谱是一个示例，表明对齐是令人满意的。将纤维与柱子接触以附着，一旦光谱令人满意。一旦支柱和纤维被连接，固化紫外线灯下的粘结。固化完成后，用垂直平移阶段提起光纤，将其和硅柱从基材上分离。在显微镜下检查传感器头以检查其几何形状。这是一个典型的成功制造的传感器。收集材料以制造高细传感器。这包括来自双面抛光硅片的碎片，一侧有溅出的金层，被视为黄色。另一侧具有高反射率、介电镜面涂层，被视为蓝色。接下来，通过用单模光纤拼接一小段分级指数多模光纤，在光纤中准备准直引线。切割多模光纤。如本原理图所描述的，通过将分级索引多模光纤切割为光轨迹周期的四分之一，形成光纤准直器。现在，在玻璃滑梯上，放置一小滴紫外线固化胶。通过手动摆动或旋转涂覆幻灯片使胶水变薄后，将分级索引多模光纤端按压在幻灯片上以转移胶水。将光纤的另一端连接到传感器询问器，以监控反射频谱。接下来，在水平平移阶段放置晶圆片段。使介电侧向上指向。将准备好的纤维放在垂直平移阶段，并将其移向碎片以连接两块。与低细纤维配对红外合并传感器（制造高精细传感器）的比较，作为领先光纤与硅元件的光学对齐，具有最严格的要求。将纤维和附加的晶圆碎片放在紫外线灯下固化。这是固化后装配体的示例，当它为下一步做好准备时。在继续之前，将片段抛光成磁盘状的形状。在显微镜下检查传感器头，以确保其具有所需的形状。将已完成的低细接设备整合到解调系统中。系统是直截了当的，只涉及几个元素。光谱仪和电脑。这是以示意图形式设置的设置。有一个宽带源，输出，通过光纤。光纤进入一个光循环器的端口。来自循环器端口二的光纤拼接到低细小传感器的引线光纤上。将循环器的端口三连接到高速光谱仪。使用连接到光谱仪的计算机进行数据存储。检查传感器的光谱，确保系统正常工作。此频谱是典型的。使用高精细传感器准备解调系统。设置仅比低罚款的解调系统稍微复杂一些。尽管如此，设置仍然只涉及几个元素。使用连接到当前控制器的分布式反馈激光器。通过光纤将激光输出连接到一个光循环器，从二个循环器端口的光纤拼接到高细细传感器。将光循环器的端口三连接到照片探测器。来自照片探测器的数据，进入数据采集设备，并进入计算机。检查传感器的频谱，确保系统正常工作，并产生典型的频谱。一种低细系统传感器，设计用于测量开放水中的热线，以蓝色收集现场测试数据。红色和黑色曲线是使用目前市场上可用的参考仪器进行的测量。仔细研究这些数据，可以发现低细的传感器系统提供了更多的细节。红色数据来自低细传感器设置，作为位于水箱中的流量传感器。黑色数据来自参考商业流量传感器。两人普遍同意。然而，当水是平静的，低细的传感器表现出更清晰的反应。高细度传感器是一种坚固的高分辨率波力计，用于测量等离子体中的光子发射。这些结果比较了高细度传感器和电阻式玻利计。请记住，由于环氧树脂在高温下稳定性降低，由基础紫外胶制造的传感器不适合适用于温度超过 100 摄氏度的应用。将领先的纤维和酸性 im-pe-der 与融合拼接连接，可产生一个传感器平台，将温度升高约 1000 摄氏度;在高温环境中实现其他令人兴奋的应用。高温应用的示例包括宏加热器、红外发射器和发电厂的温度监测（英寸）。使用紫外线灯和激光器时，请确保穿着实验室外套和激光安全护目镜，以保护您的皮肤和眼睛。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

太赫兹微流控测量中的一个平行板波导传感器

Refractive index (RI) sensing is a powerful noninvasive and label-free sensing technique for the identification, detection and monitoring of microfluidic ...

科研

工程学

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;Like the human eyes and brain, DFP uses ...

Construction of a High Resolution Microscope with Conventional and Holographic Optical Trapping Capabilities

高分辨率显微镜与常规和全息光学捕获能力建设

High resolution microscope systems with optical traps allow for precise manipulation of various refractive objects, such as dielectric beads 1 or cellular ...

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

在极端的压力和温度的合成和Microdiffraction

High pressure compounds and polymorphs are investigated for a broad range of purposes such as determine structures and processes of deep planetary ...

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

高分辨率声子辅助准共振荧光光谱仪

High resolution optical spectroscopy methods are demanding in terms of either technology, equipment, complexity, time or a combination of these. Here we ...

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

高分辨率热显微成像采用铕螯合物的荧光涂料

Micro-electronic devices often undergo significant self-heating when biased to their typical operating conditions. This paper describes a convenient ...

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

对于高分辨率温度场测绘光纤分布式传感器

The reliability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes is checked by comparing simulations with experimental data. A typical data set consists ...

Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

基于多尺度复合材料的增强与石墨烯纳米片应变传感

The electrical response of NH2-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets composite materials under strain was studied. Two different manufacturing methods are ...

A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

蒸发速率检测一种基于阻抗高性能平台

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was ...

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

记录实验室闪电弧宽带高分辨率发射光谱的方法

Lightning is one of the most common and destructive forces in nature and has long been studied using spectroscopic techniques, first with traditional ...