Name: a mini-invasive internal fixation technique for studying immobilization-induced knee flexion contracture in rats
Uploaded: 2019-05-20T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金(第81772368号)、广东省自然科学基金(第2017A030313496号)和广东省科技计划项目(第2016A020215225号)的资助。No. 2017B090912007)。作者感谢中山大学第八附属医院骨科博士张飞博士在改造过程中的技术援助。

所有程序均按照《实验室动物护理和使用指南》进行,并经中山大学第三附属医院动物护理和使用委员会批准(许可号:02-165-01)。所有的动物实验都是按照"到达"指南进行的。
1. 术前准备
注:图1显示了外科手术的设计。
<ol><li>用塑料板和两个金属螺钉在大约 135° 弯曲处硬固定膝盖接头。 注:在不违反关节成分的情况下,在近股骨和远?...

<ol>
	<li>Akeson, W. H., Amiel, D., Woo, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immobility+effects+on+synovial+joints+the+pathomechanics+of+joint+contracture.">Immobility effects on synovial joints the pathomechanics of joint contracture.</a> Biorheology. 17 (1-2), 95-110 (1980).</li><li>Trudel, G., Uhthoff, H. K., Brown, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extent+and+direction+of+joint+motion+limitation+after+prolonged+immobility:+an+experimental+study+in+the+rat.">Extent and direction of joint motion limitation after prolonged immobility: an experimental study in the rat.</a> Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 80 (12), 1542-1547 (1999).</li><li>Arsoy, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Joint+contracture+is+reduced+by+intra-articular+implantation+of+rosiglitazone-loaded+hydrogels+in+a+rabbit+model+of+arthrofibrosis.">Joint contracture is reduced by intra-articular implantation of rosiglitazone-loaded hydrogels in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. , (2018).</li><li>Glaeser, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-Inflammatory+Peptide+Attenuates+Edema+and+Promotes+BMP-2-Induced+Bone+Formation+in+Spine+Fusion.">Anti-Inflammatory Peptide Attenuates Edema and Promotes BMP-2-Induced Bone Formation in Spine Fusion.</a> Tissue Engineering. Part A. , (2018).</li><li>Fergusson, D., Hutton, B., Drodge, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epidemiology+of+major+joint+contractures:+a+systematic+review+of+the+literature.">The epidemiology of major joint contractures: a systematic review of the literature.</a> Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 456, 22-29 (2007).</li><li>Wong, K., Trudel, G., Laneuville, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninflammatory+Joint+Contractures+Arising+from+Immobility:+Animal+Models+to+Future+Treatments.">Noninflammatory Joint Contractures Arising from Immobility: Animal Models to Future Treatments.</a> BioMed Research International. 2015, 848290 (2015).</li><li>Clavet, H., Hebert, P. C., Fergusson, D., Doucette, S., Trudel, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Joint+contracture+following+prolonged+stay+in+the+intensive+care+unit.">Joint contracture following prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.</a> CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal. 178 (6), 691-697 (2008).</li><li>Dehail, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Joint+contractures+and+acquired+deforming+hypertonia+in+older+people:+Which+determinants?.">Joint contractures and acquired deforming hypertonia in older people: Which determinants?.</a> Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. , (2018).</li><li>Watanabe, M., Kojima, S., Hoso, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+low-intensity+pulsed+ultrasound+therapy+on+a+rat+knee+joint+contracture+model.">Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy on a rat knee joint contracture model.</a> Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 29 (9), 1567-1572 (2017).</li><li>Goto, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+progression+of+immobilization-induced+skin+fibrosis+through+overexpression+of+transforming+growth+factor-ss1+and+hypoxic+conditions+in+a+rat+knee+joint+contracture+model.">Development and progression of immobilization-induced skin fibrosis through overexpression of transforming growth factor-ss1 and hypoxic conditions in a rat knee joint contracture model.</a> Connective Tissue Research. 58 (6), 586-596 (2017).</li><li>Sasabe, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+joint+immobilization+on+changes+in+myofibroblasts+and+collagen+in+the+rat+knee+contracture+model.">Effects of joint immobilization on changes in myofibroblasts and collagen in the rat knee contracture model.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 35 (9), 1998-2006 (2017).</li><li>Sakakima, H., Yoshida, Y., Sakae, K., Morimoto, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Different+frequency+treadmill+running+in+immobilization-induced+muscle+atrophy+and+ankle+joint+contracture+of+rats.">Different frequency treadmill running in immobilization-induced muscle atrophy and ankle joint contracture of rats.</a> Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports. 14 (3), 186-192 (2004).</li><li>Nagai, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contributions+of+biarticular+myogenic+components+to+the+limitation+of+the+range+of+motion+after+immobilization+of+rat+knee+joint.">Contributions of biarticular myogenic components to the limitation of the range of motion after immobilization of rat knee joint.</a> BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 15, 224 (2014).</li><li>Matsuzaki, T., Yoshida, S., Kojima, S., Watanabe, M., Hoso, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+ROM+Exercise+on+the+Joint+Components+during+Immobilization.">Influence of ROM Exercise on the Joint Components during Immobilization.</a> Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 25 (12), 1547-1551 (2013).</li><li>Kaneguchi, A., Ozawa, J., Kawamata, S., Yamaoka, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+arthrogenic+joint+contracture+as+a+result+of+pathological+changes+in+remobilized+rat+knees.">Development of arthrogenic joint contracture as a result of pathological changes in remobilized rat knees.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 35 (7), 1414-1423 (2017).</li><li>Hargreaves, D. G., Drew, S. J., Eckersley, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kirschner+wire+pin+tract+infection+rates:+a+randomized+controlled+trial+between+percutaneous+and+buried+wires.">Kirschner wire pin tract infection rates: a randomized controlled trial between percutaneous and buried wires.</a> Journal of Hand Surgery. 29 (4), 374-376 (2004).</li><li>Trudel, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiating+the+myogenic+and+arthrogenic+components+of+joint+contractures.+An+experimental+study+on+the+rat+knee+joint.">Differentiating the myogenic and arthrogenic components of joint contractures. An experimental study on the rat knee joint.</a> International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 20 (4), 397-404 (1997).</li><li>Evans, E. B., Eggers, G. W. N., Butler, J. K., Blumel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+Immobilization+and+Remobilization+of+Rat+Knee+Joints.">Experimental Immobilization and Remobilization of Rat Knee Joints.</a> Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 42 (5), 737-758 (1960).</li><li>Hagiwara, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+patterns+of+collagen+types+I+and+III+in+the+capsule+of+a+rat+knee+contracture+model.">Expression patterns of collagen types I and III in the capsule of a rat knee contracture model.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 28 (3), 315-321 (2010).</li><li>Trudel, G., Uhthoff, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contractures+secondary+to+immobility:+is+the+restriction+articular+or+muscular?+An+experimental+longitudinal+study+in+the+rat+knee.">Contractures secondary to immobility: is the restriction articular or muscular? An experimental longitudinal study in the rat knee.</a> Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 81 (1), 6-13 (2000).</li><li>Hagiwara, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+elasticity+of+capsule+after+immobilization+in+a+rat+knee+experimental+model+assessed+by+scanning+acoustic+microscopy.">Increased elasticity of capsule after immobilization in a rat knee experimental model assessed by scanning acoustic microscopy.</a> Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 111 (3), 303-313 (2006).</li><li>Adelsperger, A. R., Bigiarelli-Nogas, K. J., Toore, I., Goergen, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+Low-flow+Digital+Anesthesia+System+for+Mice+and+Rats.">Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (115), (2016).</li><li>Trudel, G., O'Neill, P. A., Goudreau, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mechanical+arthrometer+to+measure+knee+joint+contracture+in+rats.">A mechanical arthrometer to measure knee joint contracture in rats.</a> IEEE Transactions On Rehabilitation Engineering. 8 (1), 149-155 (2000).</li><li>Campbell, T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+a+Knee+Arthrometer+to+Evaluate+Tissue-specific+Contributions+to+Knee+Flexion+Contracture+in+the+Rat.">Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (141), (2018).</li><li>Moriyama, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alteration+of+knee+joint+connective+tissues+during+contracture+formation+in+spastic+rats+after+an+experimentally+induced+spinal+cord+injury.">Alteration of knee joint connective tissues during contracture formation in spastic rats after an experimentally induced spinal cord injury.</a> Connective Tissue Research. 48 (4), 180-187 (2007).</li><li>Onoda, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Joint+haemorrhage+partly+accelerated+immobilization-induced+synovial+adhesions+and+capsular+shortening+in+rats.">Joint haemorrhage partly accelerated immobilization-induced synovial adhesions and capsular shortening in rats.</a> Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, &amp; Arthroscopy. 22 (11), 2874-2883 (2014).</li><li>Trudel, G., Jabi, M., Uhthoff, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localized+and+adaptive+synoviocyte+proliferation+characteristics+in+rat+knee+joint+contractures+secondary+to+immobility.">Localized and adaptive synoviocyte proliferation characteristics in rat knee joint contractures secondary to immobility.</a> Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 84 (9), 1350-1356 (2003).</li><li>Jiang, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoplasmic+reticulum+stress-dependent+ROS+production+mediates+synovial+myofibroblastic+differentiation+in+the+immobilization-induced+rat+knee+joint+contracture+model.">Endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent ROS production mediates synovial myofibroblastic differentiation in the immobilization-induced rat knee joint contracture model.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 369 (2), 325-334 (2018).</li><li>Pithioux, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Efficient+and+Reproducible+Protocol+for+Distraction+Osteogenesis+in+a+Rat+Model+Leading+to+a+Functional+Regenerated+Femur.">An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (128), (2017).</li></ol>

这项研究旨在阐明一种分步膝关节固定方法,使用一种微型侵入性技术,允许在手术后动物进行术后快速康复。按照惯例,肌肉间隙分离方法被认为是骨科手术中的微创技术。不出所料,我们发现大鼠在术后一天内就能恢复正常的饮食和活动,这与先前的研究是一致的。此外,手术后没有动脉或神经损伤,证据表明肌肉间隙分离方式确保一个充分和安全的骨暴露方法。虽然使用石膏石膏可以减少侵入性手术...

联合合同被定义为在二甲苯关节1,2的被动运动范围(ROM)的限制。目前旨在预防和治疗关节收缩的疗法取得了一些成功3,4。然而,获得性联合收缩的基本分子机制在很大程度上仍不为人所知。不同社会群体联合收缩的病因差异很大,包括遗传因素、创伤后状态、慢性病和长期不动6。人们普遍认为,不动是发展获得性联合合同的一个关键问题。患有重大联合合同的人最终可能导致身体残疾8。因此,研究获得性联合收缩的潜在病理生理学机制,需要一个稳定、可重复的动物模型。
目前构建的固定诱导膝关节收缩模型主要通过使用非侵入性石膏铸造、外部固定和内部固定来实现。渡边等人9日报告说,在大鼠膝关节上使用石膏石膏固定的可能性。通过穿一件特殊的夹克,大鼠下肢关节的一侧被石膏固定。大鼠膝关节可以保持完全弯曲,没有任何手术创伤10,11。然而,髋关节和踝关节运动也受到这种形式的固定的影响,这可能增加四头肌女性或胃肠12的肌肉萎缩程度。此外,必须通过在设定的时间点更换铸件来避免后肢水肿和充血,这可能会影响不动的连续性。另一种公认的建立膝关节收缩模型的方法是使用外部手术固定。Nagai等人将基什内尔线和钢丝组合成一个外部固定器,将膝关节固定到大约140°的弯曲13。在此方法中,树脂用于覆盖表面以防止皮肤划痕。虽然外部固定固定是健壮和可靠的14,15,皮皮基什内尔线针轨道可能会增加感染的风险16。根据我们自己的经验,使用外部固定技术可能会减少大鼠的日常活动,由于条件舔行为的增加。
另外,Trudel等人描述了一种基于手术内固定17(这种方法从埃文斯和同事18使用的一种方法修改)的在大鼠膝关节中公认的联合收缩模型。值得注意的是,这种方法突出了利用小切口技术尽量减少手术伤口的重要性。联合合同的有效开发已在该模型19中得到证明。然而,关于如何进行最小解剖以暴露骨骼表面的协议仍不清楚20。此外,螺钉钻孔的精确位置尚未完全了解。通过皮下或下肌肉方式植入内部固定仍然是有争议的21。为了解决这些问题,我们修改了这种方法,包括适当的肌肉间隙分离MOD,它允许骨表面的微侵入性暴露和通过肌肉下通道的植入位置。该协议导致大鼠术后快速康复。动物在关节固定后形成有限的关节运动范围,这与组织学分析获得的帽状粘附的形态变化一致。我们还描述了通过 X 射线分析或微 CT 分析确认的钻孔螺钉的确切可能位置。因此,本研究旨在详细描述膝关节收缩模型中的微创技术,该模型由肌肉间隙分离方法与微型切口方法相结合。我们认为,微创技术既能减少动物创伤,又能有效模拟关节弯曲收缩的病理过程。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:591px;" width="589">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="62">
			<td height="62" style="height:63px;width:223px;">Anerdian</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">Shanghai Likang Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">310173</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">antibacterial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="104">
			<td height="104" style="height:104px;width:223px;">Buprenorphine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">Shanghai Shyndec Pharmaceutical Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">/</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">analgesia&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Carprofen</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">MCE</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">HY-B1227</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">analgesia&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Cross screwdriver</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">STANLEY</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">PH0*125mm</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">tighten the screws</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="62">
			<td height="62" style="height:63px;width:223px;">Electric drill</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">WEGO</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">185</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">drill hole(with stainless steel drill 0.9mm;1.0mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:223px;">Microsurgical instruments</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">RWD</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">/</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">Orthopaedic surgical instruments for animals</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Neomycin</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">N6386</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">antibacterial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Sodium pentobarbital</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">P3761</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">&#160;anaesthetize</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:223px;">Stainless Steel screws</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">WEGO</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">m1.4*8; m1.2*6</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">screw(part of internal fixation)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="62">
			<td height="62" style="height:63px;width:223px;">Syringe&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">WEGO</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">3151474</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">use for plastic plate(part of internal fixation)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">&#956;-CT&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:73px;">ALOKA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Latheta LCT-200</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">in vivo CT scan</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a mini-invasive internal fixation technique for studying immobilization-induced knee flexion contracture in rats

由于长期关节固定,联合收缩是骨科常见的并发症。目前,利用内部固定来限制膝关节运动是一种被广泛接受的产生实验收缩的模式。然而,植入应用将不可避免地对动物造成手术创伤。为了开发一种侵入性较低的方法,我们将肌肉间隙分离方法与先前报道的外科手术过程中的迷你切口技巧相结合:在侧大腿和腿部进行两次迷你皮肤切口,然后进行肌肉间隙分离以暴露骨骼表面。大鼠膝关节通过预构造的内部固定在约135°膝盖弯曲时逐渐固定,而不会干扰必要的神经或血管。不出所料,这种简单的技术允许在动物体内快速进行术后康复。X 射线或微 CT 扫描分析证实了内部固定的正确位置。与在反向膝关节中观察到的运动范围相比,固定膝关节的运动范围受到明显限制,这表明该模型的有效性。此外,组织学分析还揭示了后上级膝关节胶囊纤维沉积和粘连的发展。因此,这种微型侵入性模型可能适合模仿固定膝关节收缩的发展。

我们观察到,接受微创手术的老鼠术后一天就可以恢复正常饮食。特别是,手术切口有疤痕,没有渗出物 (图5a)。与反向侧相比,手术后两天脚踝和元卡波巴兰关节的肿胀几乎完全消失(图5b)。在大鼠身上没有发现早期感染的迹象。大鼠可以站立和锻炼(图5d)。手术伤口在术后的第十二天完?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats at JoVE.com

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

研究大鼠固定性诱导膝关节弯曲收缩的微型侵入性内固定技术

在这里,我们提出了一个协议来描述在大鼠模型中膝关节固定的微创技术。这种可重复的规程,基于肌肉间隙分离方式和微型切口技术,适用于研究获得性关节收缩的基本分子机制。

Joint contracture, resulting from a prolonged joint immobilization, is a common complication in orthopedics. Currently, utilizing an internal fixation to ...

这种简单有效的肌肉间隙分离模型技术结合了小入侵方法，是大鼠膝关节收缩模型中最好的内部固定技术。这项技术的主要优点是，它的过程是可重复的，微创的替代品，诱导关节在动物的收缩。演示程序将是江世海和张飞，我的实验室研究生。在确认对脚趾捏缺乏反应后，剃掉麻醉大鼠的下半身，包括两个后肢。用二次的碘和七五乙醇的药剂对暴露的皮肤进行消毒。将软膏涂抹在动物的眼睛上，将老鼠横向放在手术窗帘下，一个后肢和臀部暴露。用额外的波维酮碘消毒手术区。在股骨大肌的后端，沿着身体表面投影绘制一条线，在广大后身和二头肌股骨之间的肌肉间隙，以标记皮肤切口的方向。接下来，沿线的表皮进行1.5厘米的切口。使用组织钳钝解剖大毛杨和二头肌股骨之间的肌肉间隙，直到大约一厘米的股骨轴暴露。使用缩回器促进肌肉间隙的连续分离。在表皮上切开一厘米的切口，沿着身体表面投影，在近下肢的头骨前部和腓骨之间肌肉间隙。模糊解剖肌肉间隙，直到约一厘米的头骨暴露。使用缩回器和平滑钳子分离软组织。举行垂直于骨骼的钻头，以每分钟 1，500 次旋转的速度在股骨轴上钻一个直径一毫米的孔，大约在较大长骨器下边缘下方的 8 毫米以下。快速按压伤口以止血，并在头骨边缘下方约四毫米的头骨上钻一个直径为 0.9 毫米的孔。使用直蚊子型止血夹，形成从头骨孔到股骨孔的亚肌肉过程，在头骨端的胃肠以下经过，在股骨端的二头肌股骨下方的谷胱甘肽上方经过。然后使用一个 m1.4 到 8 毫米钢螺钉将塑料板的一端固定到近端骨。使用一个 m1.2 到 6 毫米钢螺钉将塑料板的另一端固定到端子中。当板被固定，使用4-0可吸收缝合关闭的 myofascia，深筋膜，和皮下组织。用丝质缝合关闭皮肤。X 射线成像显示钢螺钉在股骨或头骨中的正确位置。高分辨率微算断层扫描后进行三维重建分析，表明螺钉在近端股骨大三角的下边缘下边缘下约 8 毫米，在近端头骨的头骨融合边缘下方约 4 毫米。运动范围内的关节缺陷在固定过程中以时间依赖的方式增加。如固定膝关节测量的平均关节缺陷高于56天固定时控制膝关节的关节缺陷。在固定的第一天，在固定股的后上级关节胶囊之间的关节空间中，通过后上级膝关节胶囊的弹性染色，未观察到粘附。然而，通过28天的固定，纤维化组织沉积和粘附在固定膝盖的关节空间中发展。在56天的固定后，纤维组织被沉积部分取代，而这种类型的粘附在反向膝关节中不被观察到。这种方法是经过渥太华大学特鲁德尔教授及其同事使用的。在手术过程中识别和分离肌肉间隙是关键。遵循不同的固定技术，其他实验过程，如膝盖关节胶囊的培养可以执行，以研究潜在的分子机制。

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

协议获得合子和体细胞胚胎研究早期胚胎发育的调控中的示范豆科<em&gt;苜蓿</em

Early embryogenesis starting from a single cell zygote goes through rapid cell division and morphogenesis, and is morphologically characterized by ...

科研

发育生物学

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

使用静态器官培养研究腭融合的方法

Cleft lip and palate are among the most common of all birth defects. The secondary palate forms from mesenchymal shelves covered with epithelium that ...

Technique to Target Microinjection to the Developing Xenopus Kidney

Technique to Target Microinjection to the Developing Xenopus Kidney

技术目标显微注射到显影<em&gt;爪</em&gt;肾

The embryonic kidney of Xenopus&#160;laevis (frog), the pronephros, consists of a single nephron, and can be used as a model for kidney disease. Xenopus ...

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (MSC) Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell MSC Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

生产和治疗间充质干行政/基质细胞（MSC）球体底漆在三维培养下无异物条件

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in bioengineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs can be isolated from multiple adult tissues via ...

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

人多能干细胞对原始和最终造血祖细胞定向分化的研究

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem ...

Surgical Ablation Assay for Studying Eye Regeneration in Planarians

手术消融分析在研究涡虫再生眼

In the study of adult stem cells and regenerative mechanisms, planarian flatworms are a staple in vivo model system. This is due in large part to their ...

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells

新型乳腺脂肪移植技术可视化血管内皮干细胞的血管生成

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the fundamental building blocks of the vascular architecture and mediate vascular growth and remodeling to ensure proper ...

A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation

通过小鼠肺切除术和假体植入测量内部肺表面积的标准方法

Pulmonary morphology, physiology, and respiratory functions change in both physiological and pathological conditions. Internal lung surface area (ISA), ...

In Vivo Tracking of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Knee Osteoarthritis Model with Fluorescent Lipophilic Membrane Dye

In Vivo Tracking of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Knee Osteoarthritis Model with Fluorescent Lipophilic Membrane Dye

在体内荧光亲脂膜染料对大鼠膝骨关节炎模型中人脂肪间充质干细胞的追踪

In order to support the clinical application of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (haMSC) therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), we examined the ...

Real-time Measurement of Epithelial Barrier Permeability in Human Intestinal Organoids

人肠道 Organoids 上皮屏障通透性的实时测量

Advances in 3D culture of intestinal tissues obtained through biopsy or generated from pluripotent stem cells via directed differentiation, have resulted ...