Name: measuring biophysical and psychological stress levels following visitation to three locations with differing levels of nature
Uploaded: 2019-06-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature at JoVE.com

この研究は、インディアナ大学ブルーミントン校公衆衛生学部を通じて後援された教員研究助成プログラム(FRGP)を通じて一部資金提供を受けました。著者たちは、アリソン・ヴォイト博士とメリッサ・ペイジ博士の編集支援と建設的なコメントに感謝したいと思います。

本研究は、インディアナ大学機関審査委員会の人間研究保護プログラムの方針とガイドラインに従う。
1. 場所の選択
<ol><li>異なるレベルの自然に基づいてサイト数 (n) を選択します。 注:私たちは、私たちの仕事のために3つのサイトを選択しました。「自然」のレベルに基づいて連続体を使用して、サイトAは最も自然と考えられ、湖に隣接し、落葉樹林内に設定され...

<ol>
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本研究の目的は、自然の異なるレベルを持つ3つの異なる設定へのレクリエーション訪問後の生物物理学的および心理的な器具を使用して、ストレスの潜在的な変化を特定することです。コルチゾールとα-アミラーゼの両方が心理的ストレスのレベルの信頼性の高い指標であることが示されています。.本研究で説明するアミラーゼアッセイ手順は、96ウェルフォーマットに適合している。唾液...

高いストレスレベルは、長い心臓病、肥満、および心理的障害1、2、3などの多くの深刻な健康状態にリンクされています。研究の成長のボディは、公園や未発達の風景などの自然の設定への近接または訪問は、心理的な幸福とストレスのレベルの低下に顕著な影響を持つことができることを示唆しています 1,4, 5,6,7,8,9,10.自然環境とストレスレベルの影響についての説明は、以下を含んでいます:(1)自然の設定は、身体活動のための会場を提供します 8,11と (2) 自然環境への訪問者は、焦点を当てる能力を持っていますより多くの非タスク思考プロセス上で、それによって注意疲労の減少につながる12.ストレス軽減に対する自然の影響を決定するために、本研究では、3つの異なるレクリエーション施設を訪問した後、心理的ストレス(PSQ)と2つの唾液ベースのバイオマーカー、コルチゾールおよびα-アミラーゼの自己報告を利用する。これらの場所は「自然」のレベルによって異なり、荒野型の設定、市立公園、地元のフィットネスやレクリエーション施設が含まれます。
本研究は、(RQ1)唾液コルチゾールとαアミラーゼによって測定された生物物理学的ストレスのレベルに違いはありますか(すなわち、自然、半自然、構築された)。(RQ2)3つのサイト(自然、半自然、構築)で比較すると、PSQ(需要、心配、緊張、喜びの4つの構成要素によって明らかにされる)によって測定される心理的ストレスのレベルに違いがありますか?

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			<td height="53" style="height:54px;width:271px;">Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit</td>
			<td style="width:173px;">DetectX</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">K003-H1</td>
			<td style="width:677px;">The Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay kit is designed to quantitatively measure cortisol present in dried fecal extracts, saliva, urine, serum, plasma and culture media samples.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:54px;width:271px;">Cryogenic Labels for Cryogenic Storage</td>
			<td style="width:173px;">Fisherbrand</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5-910-A</td>
			<td style="width:677px;">Unique adhesive withstands extreme temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:54px;width:271px;">Liquid Amylase (CNPG3) Reagent Set</td>
			<td style="width:173px;">Pointe Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A7564</td>
			<td>For the quantitative kinetic determination of &#945;-amylase activity in human serum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:54px;width:271px;">Round Bottom 2mL Polypropylene Tubes with External Thread Cap</td>
			<td style="width:173px;">Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">07-000-257</td>
			<td style="width:677px;">2.0 ml U-BTM Cryo.s self standing polypropylene sterilized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:54px;width:271px;">Synergy Multi-Mode Microplate Reader</td>
			<td style="width:173px;">BioTek</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:677px;">It is a single-channel absorbance, fluorescence, and luminescence microplate reader that uses a dual-optics design to perform measurements of samples in a microplate format.</td>
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measuring biophysical and psychological stress levels following visitation to three locations with differing levels of nature

自然環境への訪問は、心理的ストレスの軽減にリンクされています。ほとんどのストレス関連研究は自己報告形式に依存していますが、現在では、コルチゾールやα-アミラーゼなどの生物学的ストレス関連ホルモンや触媒を組み込んでストレスのレベルを測定する研究が増えています。ここでは、自然の異なるレベルを持つ3つの異なる場所への訪問後の生物物理学的および心理的ストレスのレベルに及ぼす影響を調べるプロトコルです。生物物理学的および自己申告された心理的ストレスレベルは、選択した場所に入るとすぐに、訪問者がサイトを離れる直前に測定されます。「ドール」法を用いて、生物物理学的尺度は、3つの研究場所のいずれかに入る際に被験者が提供する唾液の1〜2mLサンプルから成る。外来文献によって規定されているように、唾液は場所での訪問者の婚約の終了後45分の時間枠内に収集されます。唾液採取に続いて、サンプルは標識され、生物学的研究室に運ばれる。コルチゾールは、この研究で関心のある生物物理学的変数であり、TECANプレートリーダーを用いてELISAプロセスを用いて測定される。自己申告されたストレスを測定するために、不安、緊張、喜び、知覚された要求のレベルを報告する知覚ストレスアンケート(PSQ)。データは、午後遅くから夕方にかけて、3つのサイトすべてで収集されます。3つの設定すべてで比較すると、生物学的マーカーと自己報告の両方で測定される応力レベルは、最も自然な設定に訪問した後に有意に低くなります。

サンプルの説明 クォータサンプリング手法を用いて、本研究では3つのサイトから35名の来場者を募集した。この研究では、男性63名、女性42名を含む105名の被験者を募集しました。3つの異なるサイトから募集された平均訪問者数は、25.9年(サイトA)、37.2年(サイトB)、28.8年(サイトC)であった。選択した3つのサイトへの被験者の訪問の頻度も記録された。サイトAとサイトCでは、?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature at JoVE.com

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature

自然の異なる3箇所への訪問後の生物物理学的および心理的ストレスレベルの測定

本論文の目的は、3つの異なる設定に訪問した後のストレスレベルの変化を特定し、唾液コルチゾール、α-アミラーゼ、および心理的自己報告の尺度に基づいてストレスレベルを識別するために使用される方法を説明することです。楽器。

Visitation to natural environments has been linked to psychological stress reduction. Although most stress-related research has relied on self-report ...

ここでは、異なるレベルの自然を持つ3つの場所を訪問した後、生物物理学的および心理的ストレスのレベルへの影響を調べるために使用されるプロトコルを提示する。私たちは、自然度の高いサイトが参加者のストレスレベルを下げるのを助けるのにより効果的であるかどうかを知ることに興味があります。自己報告アンケートを使用することに加えて、この技術を使用する主な利点は、参加者の唾液サンプルから収集されたコルチゾールとアミラーゼのレベルを分析することで、レクリエーションサイトへの訪問後に私たちの体が実際にどのように反応するかをより正確に読み取り、より良い理解を得ることができるということです。この手順のデモンストレーションは、インディアナ大学の教授であるHocevar博士です。まず、自己紹介から始めます。研究の自主的な性質、目的、手順を説明する署名の同意書を提出します。今後の識別のために被験者に赤い腕章を与えます。レクリエーション体験の直前、そしてその経験の結論の直後に、唾液サンプルを介してストレスレベルの生理学的および心理的尺度を取得する。受動よだれ法を用いて1~2ミリリットルの唾液サンプルを採取する。被験者に唾液が口の中に溜まるのを許し、2インチのわらを下によだれを垂らし、1ミリリットルが採取されるまでクライオバイアルに入るように指示する。3 桁の ID 番号と文字が割り当てられたサンプルにラベルを付けて、データ収集のタイミングを示します。その後、ドライアイスを満たしたステロイドフォームボックスにサンプルを2時間以下で一時的に凍結する。マークされたサンプルを実験室に運び、分析されるまでマイナス80°Cで保管してください。最後に、液体アミラーゼ試薬セットを使用して、唾液サンプル中のαアミラーゼを定量化します。次に、アッセイ中に温度制御温度を摂氏37度にして405ナノメートルで光学密度を読み取ることができるマルチモードリーダーを使用する。まず、唾液サンプル中のコルチゾールを定量するコルチゾール酵素アミノ酸キットを取得し、450ナノメートルで光学密度、またはODを読み取る分光光度計と、プレートリーダーからのOD記録を使用して4つのパラメータロジスティックカーブフィッティングを行うことができるソフトウェアを取得します。すべての試薬を最低30分間摂氏20~25度に平衡させます。脱イオン水を用いてコルチゾールアッセイバッファーを1~5個希釈し、脱イオン水を用いて洗浄バッファーを1~20に希釈する。次に、分析前に氷上のサンプルを解凍します。次いで、サンプルをコルチゾールアッセイ緩衝液で1~10に希釈し、調製後2時間以内に使用する。標準を準備するには、ガラス試験管に1から7のラベルを付けます。次いで、225マイクロリットルのアッセイバッファーをチューブ番号1にパイプし、125マイクロリットルのバッファーを2〜7個のチューブに入れる。次に、25マイクロリットルのコルチゾールストック溶液をチューブ1に加え、渦を加える。最後に、チューブ番号1から125マイクロリットルのバッファーを取り除き、チューブナンバー2に追加してから、再び渦を加えます。結果は、サイトA、自然の設定を訪問した後、唾液コルチゾールの有意なレベルの減少を示した。サイトBおよびCでコルチゾールのレベルに有意な変化は見られなかったが、さらに、被験者が3つの場所を訪問した後にアルファアミラーゼのレベルが増加し、自己報告アンケートを使用した後、要求および心配の要因に有意な減少が観察された。3つの場所のいずれにも因子張力に有意な変化は認められず、因子の喜びについてはサイトAとサイトBで有意な増加が報告された。通常、ストレス軽減に関する研究の多くは、自己申告アンケートに依存しています。今回の研究では、参加者の唾液サンプルを採取し、自然度の異なる3つの部位を訪問した後、実際に身体がどのように反応するかを分析しました。この可視化では、実験室の技術と、充填されたデータ収集の一例の両方を取り上げました。この技術は、研究者が異なる環境に対する私たちの体の反応をキャプチャすることができます。自然環境が人間の健康にプラスの影響を及ぼす可能性があるという仮説を確認する。今後の研究では、異なる自然環境や異なる屋外活動にストレスのレベルの生物物理学的測定を真の実験設計で適用することが示唆されています。

measuring-biophysical-psychological-stress-levels-following

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

The speed and accuracy of object recognition is compromised by a change in viewpoint; demonstrating that human observers are sensitive to this transformation. Here we discuss a novel method for simulating the appearance of an object that has undergone a rotation-in-depth, and include an exposition of the differences between perspective and orthographic projections. Next we describe a method by which human sensitivity to rotation-in-depth can be measured. Finally we discuss an apparatus for creating a vivid percept of a 3-dimensional rotation-in-depth; the Wheatstone Eight Mirror Stereoscope. By doing so, we reveal a means by which to evaluate the role of stereoscopic cues in the discrimination of viewpoint rotated shapes and objects.

We discuss a novel method forviewpoint-rotation of visual stimuli, and demonstrate using a mirror stereoscopethe three-dimensional percept of rotation-in-depth. The technique can be used to investigate the role of stereoscopic cues in encoding viewpoint-rotated figures.

で立体手がかりなしで視点変更感受性測定

The speed and accuracy of object recognition is compromised by a change in viewpoint; demonstrating that human observers are sensitive to this ...

行動学

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here with the goal of uncovering rhythm disorders, such as beat deafness. Beat deafness is characterized by poor performance in perceiving durations in auditory rhythmic patterns or poor synchronization of movement with auditory rhythms (e.g., with musical beats). These tasks include the synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of simple and complex auditory stimuli and the detection of rhythmic irregularities (anisochrony detection task) embedded in the same stimuli. These tests, which are easy to administer, include an assessment of both perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities under different conditions (e.g., beat rates and types of auditory material) and are based on the same auditory stimuli, ranging from a simple metronome to a complex musical excerpt. The analysis of synchronized tapping data is performed with circular statistics, which provide reliable measures of synchronization accuracy (e.g., the difference between the timing of the taps and the timing of the pacing stimuli) and consistency. Circular statistics on tapping data are particularly well-suited for detecting individual differences in the general population. Synchronized tapping and anisochrony detection are sensitive measures for identifying profiles of rhythm disorders and have been used with success to uncover cases of poor synchronization with spared perceptual timing. This systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing can be extended to populations of patients with brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson&#8217;s disease), and developmental disorders (e.g., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) are presented. Synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of an auditory stimuli and detecting rhythmic irregularities provides a means of uncovering rhythm disorders.

ビート難聴を暴く：同期指タッピングと知覚タイミングタスクを検出リズム障害

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

A pragmatic mindfulness intervention to benefit personnel working in chronically high-stress environments, delivered onsite during the workday, is timely and valuable to employee and employer alike. Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) is a Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) offered as a modified, less time intensive method (compared to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction), delivered onsite, during work, and intends to enable busy working adults to experience the benefits of mindfulness. It teaches mindful awareness principles, rehearses mindfulness as a group, emphasizes the use of gentle yoga stretches, and utilizes relaxing music in the background of both the group sessions and individual mindfulness practice. MIM is delivered in a group format, for 1 hr/week/8 weeks. CDs and a DVD are provided to facilitate individual practice. The yoga movement is emphasized in the protocol to facilitate a quieting of the mind. The music is included for participants to associate the relaxed state experienced in the group session with their individual practice. To determine the intervention feasibility/efficacy we conducted a randomized wait-list control group in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). ICUs represent a high-stress work environment where personnel experience chronic exposure to catastrophic situations as they care for seriously injured/ill patients. Despite high levels of work-related stress, few interventions have been developed and delivered onsite for such environments. The intervention is delivered on site in the ICU, during work hours, with participants receiving time release to attend sessions. The intervention is well received with 97% retention rate. Work engagement and resiliency increase significantly in the intervention group, compared to the wait-list control group, while participant respiration rates decrease significantly pre-post in 6/8 of the weekly sessions. Participants value institutional support, relaxing music, and the instructor as pivotal to program success. This provides evidence that MIM is feasible, well accepted, and can be effectively implemented in a chronically high-stress work environment.

Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

The Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) protocol offers a pragmatic Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) on-site, for persons working in chronically high-stress work environments that significantly increases resiliency and work engagement. The protocol has proven feasible, beneficial, and is easily adaptable to other high-stress workplaces.

モーション （MIM） でマインドフルネス ：耐障害性と作業エンゲージメントを高めるために慢性的に高応力の作業環境のためのオンサイトマインドフルネスベースの介入（MBI）

A pragmatic mindfulness intervention to benefit personnel working in chronically high-stress environments, delivered onsite during the workday, is timely ...

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

When viewers search for targets in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, if two targets are presented within about 500 msec of each other, the first target may be easy to spot but the second is likely to be missed. This phenomenon of attentional blink (AB) has been widely studied to probe the temporal capacity of attention for detecting visual targets. However, with the typical procedure of AB experiments, it is not possible to examine how the processing of non-target items in RSVP may be affected by attention. This paper describes a novel dual task procedure combined with RSVP to test effects of AB for nontargets at varied stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In an exemplar experiment, a target category was first displayed, followed by a sequence of 8 nouns. If one of the nouns belonged to the target category, participants would respond &#8216;yes&#8217; at the end of the sequence, otherwise participants would respond &#8216;no&#8217;. Two 2-alternative forced choice memory tasks followed the response to determine if participants remembered the words immediately before or after the target, as well as a random word from another part of the sequence. In a second exemplar experiment, the same design was used, except that 1) the memory task was counterbalanced into two groups with SOAs of either 120 or 240 msec and 2) three memory tasks followed the sequence and tested remembrance for nontarget nouns in the sequence that could be anywhere from 3 items prior the target noun position to 3 items following the target noun position. Representative results from a previously published study demonstrate that our procedure can be used to examine divergent effects of attention that not only enhance targets but also suppress nontargets. Here we show results from a representative participant that replicated the previous finding.&#160;

This paper describes a novel dual task procedure combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to look at attentional blink at varied stimulus onset asynchronies. This experimental procedure differed from others in that it tested attentional blink for nontargets.

非ターゲットのための注意の瞬きをテストするために迅速なシリアルビジュアルプレゼンテーションと組み合わせることで、デュアルタスク手順

When viewers search for targets in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, if two targets are presented within about 500 msec of each other, the ...

Wheel Running and Environmental Complexity as a Therapeutic Intervention in an Animal Model of FASD

Aerobic exercise (e.g., wheel running (WR) extensively used in animal research) positively impacts many measures of neuroplastic potential in the brain, such as rates of adult neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and expression of neurotrophic factors in rodents. This intervention has also been shown to mitigate behavioral and neuroanatomical aspects of the negative impacts of teratogens (i.e., developmental exposure to alcohol) and age-related neurodegeneration in rodents. Environmental complexity (EC) has been shown to produce numerous neuroplastic benefits in cortical and subcortical structures and can be coupled with wheel running to increase the proliferation and survival of new cells in the adult hippocampus. The combination of these two interventions provides a robust &#34;superintervention&#34; (WR-EC) that can be implemented in a range of rodent models of neurological disorders. We will discuss the implementation of WR/EC and its constituent interventions for use as a more powerful therapeutic intervention in rats using the animal model of prenatal exposure to alcohol in humans. We will also discuss which elements of the procedures are absolutely necessary for the interventions and which ones may be altered depending on the experimenter&#39;s question or facilities.

Cardiovascular exercise and stimulating experiences in a complex environment have positive benefits on multiple measures of neuroplasticity within the rodent brain. This article will discuss the implementation of these interventions as a &#34;superintervention&#34; which combines wheel running and environmental complexity and will address the limitations of these interventions.

FASDの動物モデルにおける治療的介入としてホイールランニングと環境の複雑さ

Aerobic exercise (e.g., wheel running (WR) extensively used in animal research) positively impacts many measures of neuroplastic potential in the brain, ...

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

Despite the importance of social interactions for infant brain development, little research has assessed functional neural activation while infants socially interact. Electroencephalography (EEG) power is an advantageous technique to assess infant functional neural activation. However, many studies record infant EEG only during one baseline condition. This protocol describes a paradigm that is designed to comprehensively assess infant EEG activity in both social and nonsocial contexts as well as tease apart how different types of social inputs differentially relate to infant EEG. The within-subjects paradigm includes four controlled conditions. In the nonsocial condition, infants view objects on computer screens. The joint attention condition involves an experimenter directing the infant's attention to pictures. The joint attention condition includes three types of social input: language, face-to-face interaction, and the presence of joint attention. Differences in infant EEG between the nonsocial and joint attention conditions could be due to any of these three types of input. Therefore, two additional conditions (one with language input while the experimenter is hidden behind a screen and one with face-to-face interaction) were included to assess the driving contextual factors in patterns of infant neural activation. Representative results demonstrate that infant EEG power varied by condition, both overall and differentially by brain region, supporting the functional nature of infant EEG power. This technique is advantageous in that it includes conditions that are clearly social or nonsocial and allows for examination of how specific types of social input relate to EEG power. This paradigm can be used to assess how individual differences in age, affect, socioeconomic status, and parent-infant interaction quality relate to the development of the social brain. Based on the demonstrated functional nature of infant EEG power, future studies should consider the role of EEG recording context and design conditions that are clearly social or nonsocial.

This novel protocol is designed to assess the neural bases of social interaction in infants. The paradigm is designed to tease apart how various social inputs such as language, joint attention, and face-to-face interaction relate to infant neural activation. Infant EEG power is recorded during both social and nonsocial conditions.

幼児EEGに関する社会入力の効果を評価するために、被験者内実験プロトコール

Despite the importance of social interactions for infant brain development, little research has assessed functional neural activation while infants ...

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by observation or passive movement of trainee&#39;s hands by a robotic device). This obviously presents a major challenge in the rehabilitation of a paretic limb since voluntary control of physical movement is limited. Here, we describe a novel training scheme we have developed that has the potential to circumvent this major challenge. We exploited the voluntary control of one hand and provided real-time movement-based manipulated sensory feedback as if the other hand is moving. Visual manipulation through virtual reality (VR) was combined with a device that yokes left-hand fingers to passively follow right-hand voluntary finger movements. In healthy subjects, we demonstrate enhanced within-session performance gains of a limb in the absence of voluntary physical training. Results in healthy subjects suggest that training with the unique VR setup might also be beneficial for patients with upper limb hemiparesis by exploiting the voluntary control of their healthy hand to improve rehabilitation of their affected hand.

We describe a novel virtual-reality based setup which exploits voluntary control of one hand to improve motor-skill performance in the other (non-trained) hand. This is achieved by providing real-time movement-based sensory feedback as if the non-trained hand is moving. This new approach may be used to enhance rehabilitation of patients with unilateral hemiparesis.

仮想現実を使用して 1 つの手から別の運動技能知識を転送するには

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by ...

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

This method uses a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm to measure the cost of distraction when participants maintain multiple search goals. The protocol identifies two types of distraction within a single task - contingent attentional capture and set-specific capture - that represent different types of limitations of cognitive processing. Participants search for letters in two or more &#34;target&#34; ink colors (e.g., green and orange) within a continuous RSVP stream of heterogeneously colored letters, while ignoring two peripheral RSVPs of letters. Upon detecting a target, participants are to identify the letter. On some trials, target-colored distractors appear in the periphery just prior to the presentation of a target, causing a drop in target identification performance. Contingent attentional capture is observed by examining performance on trials in which the peripheral distractor is the same color as the target on that trial (e.g., both orange). Set-specific capture is represented by performance on trials in which the peripheral distractor is target-colored (e.g., orange), but not the same color as the target on that trial (e.g., green.) By varying the amount of time (i.e., the number of stimuli appearing) between the presentation of the distractor and the target, researchers can observe how participants recover from these distraction costs over time. As compared to static displays that are often used to measure contingent attentional capture, the dynamic display produces much larger effects, allowing the researcher to identify subtle effects of smaller manipulations. An unusual aspect of our design is that it employs a continuous display; &#34;filler&#34; stimuli connect one trial to the next seamlessly, and participants respond during this interval whenever they detect a target. The continuous display reduces chance performance to near-zero levels (rather than 50%) and provides researchers with a more sensitive measure of performance differences across trial types.

This method uses a dynamic visual display to index costs of distraction during visual search, including both &#34;contingent attentional capture&#34; and &#34;set-specific capture,&#34; which is a cost of distraction that occurs when the participants maintain multiple search goals simultaneously. This method has revealed basic mechanisms and limitations of visual attention.

気晴らしの結果セットに固有のキャプチャを測定する急速な連続視覚的なプレゼンテーションを使用して、マルチタスクをしながら

This method uses a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm to measure the cost of distraction when participants maintain multiple search goals. ...

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Regressive eye movements are eye movements that move backwards through the text and comprise approximately 10-25% of eye movements during reading. As such, understanding the causes and mechanisms of regressions plays an important role in understanding eye movement behavior. Inhibition of return (IOR) is an oculomotor effect that results in increased latency to return attention to a previously attended target versus a target that was not previously attended. Thus, IOR may affect regressions. This paper describes how to design materials to distinguish between regressions caused by comprehension-related and oculomotor processes; the latter is subject to IOR. The method allows researchers to identify IOR and control the causes of regressions. While the method requires tightly controlled materials and large numbers of participants and materials, it allows researchers to distinguish and control the types of regressions that occur in their reading studies.

The method was designed to investigate the role of inhibition of return (IOR) in regressive eye movements during reading. The focus is on differentiating between regressions triggered as a result of comprehension difficulty versus those triggered from oculomotor error, including the role of IOR in the two types of regressions.

読書中に理解および眼球運動に基づく回帰眼球運動を区別するアイトラッ キング

Regressive eye movements are eye movements that move backwards through the text and comprise approximately 10-25% of eye movements during reading. As ...

A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras

Infants and toddlers view the world, at a basic sensory level, in a fundamentally different way from their parents. This is largely due to biological constraints: infants possess different body proportions than their parents and the ability to control their own head movements is less developed. Such constraints limit the visual input available. This protocol aims to provide guiding principles for researchers using head-mounted cameras to understand the changing visual input experienced by the developing infant. Successful use of this protocol will allow researchers to design and execute studies of the developing child&#39;s visual environment set in the home or laboratory. From this method, researchers can compile an aggregate view of all the possible items in a child&#39;s field of view. This method does not directly measure exactly what the child is looking at. By combining this approach with machine learning, computer vision algorithms, and hand-coding, researchers can produce a high-density dataset to illustrate the changing visual ecology of the developing infant.

Infants and toddlers view the world in a fundamentally different way from their parents. Head-mounted cameras provide a tractable mechanism to understand the infant visual environment. This protocol provides guiding principles for experiments in the home or laboratory to capture the egocentric view of toddlers and infants.

独自のビュー: ヘッド マウント カメラで乳幼児の自己中心的なビューをキャプチャ

Infants and toddlers view the world, at a basic sensory level, in a fundamentally different way from their parents. This is largely due to biological ...