Name: generation of 3d skin organoid from cord blood-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
Uploaded: 2019-04-18T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af en bevilling fra Korea Healthcare Technology R & D-projektet, Ministeriet for sundhed, velfærd og familiespørgsmål, Republikken Korea (H16C2177, H18C1178).

Alle procedurer, der involverer dyr blev udført i overensstemmelse med laboratoriet dyr Welfare Act, vejledning i pleje og brugen af forsøgsdyr, og de retningslinjer og politikker for gnaver eksperimenter, som de institutionelle Animal Care og Brug Udvalget (IACUC) af School of Medicine i det katolske universitet i Korea. Undersøgelse-protokollen blev godkendt af det institutionelle Review Board af katolske universitet i Korea (CUMC-2018-0191-01). IACUC og afdeling af laboratoriet dyr (DOLA) af den katolske universite...

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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+technological+updates+and+clinical+applications+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Recent technological updates and clinical applications of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 29 (5), 547-557 (2014).</li><li>Shi, Y., Inoue, H., Wu, J. 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Menneskets iPSCs er blevet foreslået som et nyt alternativ til personlig regenerativ medicin17. Patient-afledte personlig iPSCs afspejle patient karakteristika, der kan anvendes til sygdom modellering, stof screening og autolog transplantation18,19. Brugen af patient-afledte iPSCs kan også overvinde problemer vedrørende primærelementer, mangel på passende celle numre og immun reaktioner5,<sup class="...

Huden dækker den yderste overfladen af kroppen og beskytter indre organer. Huden har forskellige funktioner, herunder beskyttelse mod patogener, absorberende og opbevaring af vand, regulering af kropstemperatur, og udskiller kroppen affald2. Hudtransplantation kan klassificeres afhængig af huden kilde; grafts ved hjælp af huden fra en anden donor kaldes allografts, og grafts ved hjælp af patientens egen hud er autografts. Selv om en autograft er den foretrukne behandling på grund af sin lave afvisning risiko, er hud biopsier svære at udføre på patienter med alvorlige læsioner eller et utilstrækkeligt antal hudceller. Hos patienter med alvorlige forbrændinger er tre gange antallet af hudens celler nødvendige for at dække store områder. De begrænsede mængder af hudceller fra en patient krop resulterer i situationer, hvor allogenous transplantation er nødvendige. En allograft bruges midlertidigt, indtil autolog transplantation kan udføres, da det normalt er afvist af værtens immunsystem efter ca 1 uge3. For at overvinde afvisning af patientens immunsystem, skal grafts komme fra en kilde med de samme immune identitet som den patient4.
Menneskets iPSCs er en spirende kilde af celler for stamcelle terapi5. Menneskets iPSCs er genereret fra somatiske celler, ved hjælp af omprogrammering faktorer såsom OCT4, SOX2, Klf4 og c-Myc6. Ved hjælp af menneskelige iPSCs overvinder de etiske og immunologiske aspekter af embryonale stamceller (økonomiske)7,8. Menneskelige iPSCs har pluripotency og kan differentiere sig til tre Kim lag9. Forekomsten af HLA, en kritisk faktor for regenerativ medicin, bestemmer immunresponset og muligheden for afvisning10. Brugen af patient-afledte iPSCs løser problemerne med celle-kilde begrænsning og immunsystemet afvisning. CBMCs er også dukket op som en alternativ celle kilde for regenerativ medicin11. Obligatorisk HLA maskinskrivning, som opstår under CBMC bank, kan nemt bruges til forskning og transplantation. Yderligere, homozygot HLA-type iPSCs kan bredt anvende til forskellige patienter12. En CBMC-iPSC bank er en roman og effektiv strategi for Celleterapi og allogen regenerativ medicin12,13,14. I denne undersøgelse, vi bruger CBMC-iPSCs, differentierede keratinocytter og fibroblaster, og generere stratificeret 3D hudlag. Resultaterne fra denne undersøgelse tyder på, at en CBMC-iPSC-afledte 3D hud organoid er en roman værktøj til in vitro- og in vivo dermatologiske forskning.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:965px;" width="964">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:301px;">Adenine</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">A2786</td>
			<td style="width:401px;">Component of differentiation medium for fibroblast</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">AggreWell Medium (EB formation medium)</td>
			<td>STEMCELL</td>
			<td>05893</td>
			<td>EB formation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Anti-Fibronectin antibody</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab23750</td>
			<td>Fibroblast marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Anti-KRT14 antibody</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab7800</td>
			<td>Keratinocyte marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Anti-Loricrin antibody</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab85679</td>
			<td>Stratum corneum marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Anti-p63 antibody</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab124762</td>
			<td>Keratinocyte marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Anti-Vimentin antibody</td>
			<td>Santa cruz</td>
			<td>sc-7558</td>
			<td>Fibroblast marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BAND AID FLEXIBLE FABRIC</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Bandage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Basement membrane matrix (Matrigel)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>354277</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for fibroblast</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BLACK SILK suture</td>
			<td>AILEEE</td>
			<td>SK617</td>
			<td>Skin graft</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C5670</td>
			<td>Component of epithelial medium for 3D skin organoid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Collagen type I</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>354236</td>
			<td>3D skin organoid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Collagen type IV</td>
			<td>Santa-cruz</td>
			<td>sc-29010</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Defined keratinocyte-Serum Free Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10744-019</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DMEM, high glucose</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11995065</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DMEM/F12 Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11330-032</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Essential 8 medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>A1517001</td>
			<td>iPSC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">FBS, Qualified</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>35-015-CV</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for fibroblast and keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Glutamax Supplement&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for fibroblast</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Insulin</td>
			<td>Invtrogen</td>
			<td>12585-014</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for fibroblast and keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Iris standard curved scissor</td>
			<td>Professional</td>
			<td>PC-02.10</td>
			<td>Surgical instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Keratinocyte Serum Free Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17005-042</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphata sesquimagnesium salt hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A8960</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">MEM Non-Essential Amino Acid</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>1140050</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for fibroblast</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Meriam Forceps Thumb 16 cm</td>
			<td>HIROSE</td>
			<td>HC 2265-1</td>
			<td>Surgical instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">NOD.CB17-Prkdc SCID/J</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>001303</td>
			<td>Mice strain for skin graft</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Petri dish 90 mm</td>
			<td>Hyundai Micro</td>
			<td>H10090</td>
			<td>Plastic ware</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Recombinant Human BMP-4</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>314-BP</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Recombinant human EGF protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>236-EG</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Retinoic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>R2625</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation medium for keratinocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">T/C Petridish 100 mm, 240/bx</td>
			<td>TPP</td>
			<td>93100</td>
			<td>Plastic ware</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Transferrin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T3705</td>
			<td>Component of epithelial medium for 3D skin organoid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Transwell-COL collagen-coated membrane inserts&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>CLS3492</td>
			<td>Plastic ware for 3D skin organoid&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Vitronectin</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>A14700</td>
			<td>iPSC culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;">Y-27632 Dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>peprotech</td>
			<td>1293823</td>
			<td>iPSC culture</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of 3d skin organoid from cord blood-derived induced pluripotent stem cells

Huden er kroppens største organ og har mange funktioner. Huden fungerer som en fysisk barriere og protektor af kroppen og regulerer kropsfunktioner. Biomimetik er efterligning af modeller, systemer og elementer i naturen med henblik på at løse komplekse menneskelige problemer1. Huden Biomimetik er et nyttigt værktøj til in vitro-sygdom forskning og in vivo regenerativ medicin. Menneskelige inducerede pluripotente stamceller (iPSCs) har karakteristisk for ubegrænset spredning og differentiering evne til tre Kim lag. Menneskets iPSCs er genereret ud fra forskellige primære celler, såsom blodlegemer, keratinocytter, fibroblaster og meget mere. Blandt dem, ledningen blod mononukleære celler (CBMCs) er dukket op som en alternativ celle kilde fra perspektivet af allogene regenerativ medicin. CBMCs er nyttige i regenerativ medicin, fordi human leukocyt antigen (HLA) at skrive er afgørende for cellen banksystem. Vi leverer en metode for differentiering af CBMC-iPSCs til keratinocytter og fibroblaster og generation af en 3D hud organoid. CBMC-iPSC-afledte keratinocytter og fibroblaster har kendetegn svarende til en primær cellelinie. 3D hud organoids genereres ved at lægge en epidermale lag på en dermal lag. Ved hjælp af transplantation denne 3D hud organoid, genereres en humaniseret mus model. Denne undersøgelse viser, at en 3D menneskelige iPSC-afledte hud organoid kan være en roman, alternative værktøj til dermatologiske research in vitro- og in vivo.

Huden består for det meste af epidermis og dermis. Keratinocytter er den største celletype af epidermis, og fibroblaster er den største celletype af dermis. Ordningen af keratinocytter differentiering er vist i figur 1A. CBMC-iPCSc blev opretholdt i en vitronectin-belagte fad (figur 1B). I denne undersøgelse opdelte vi CBMC-iPSCs til keratinocytter og fibroblaster ved hjælp af EB dannelse. Vi genereret EBs ved hjælp af hæ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation af 3D hud Organoid fra ledningen blod-afledte induceret pluripotente stamceller

Vi foreslår en protokol, der viser hvordan du differentiere inducerede pluripotente stamceller-afledt keratinocytter og fibroblaster og generere en 3D hud organoid, ved hjælp af disse keratinocytter og fibroblaster. Denne protokol indeholder en yderligere skridt til at generere en humaniseret mus model. Teknikken præsenteret her vil forbedre dermatologiske forskning.

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...

Navlestrengsblod mononukleare celler, eller CBMC, har vist sig som en potentiel celle kilde til regenerativ medicin, fordi human leukocyt antigen skrive er afgørende for celle banksystem. CBMC-inducerede pluripotente stamceller, eller CMBC-iPSCs, kan differentieres i keratinocytter og fibroblaster. For at generere 3D hud organoid, vi bruger dermatologisk forskning.Begynd med at dyrke CBMC-iPSC på vitronectin-belagt 100-milliliter plader ved 37 grader Celsius og 10% kuldioxid. Når cellerne har nået 80% sammenløb, vaskes kulturerne med PBS, og behandle dem med en milliliter 1-millimolar EDTA pr. plade i to minutter ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid. Når cellerne er taget af, skal reaktionen stoppes med tre milliliter E8-medium pr. plade, og cellerne indsamles ved centrifugering.Pellets skal pellets igen i fem milliliter E8-medium til tælling, og overfør en gang-10-til-den sjette celler til et 15-milliliter konisk rør til centrifugering. Re-suspendere de overførte celler med 2,5-milliliter embryonale organ dannelse medium, suppleret med 10-mikromolar rho-associeret kinase, eller ROCK-hæmmer. Brug en pipette til at overføre 125-mikroliter dråber celler på et ubestrøget kulturpladelåg.Når alle dråberne er placeret, skal du vende skålen, så dråberne kan hænge fra låget i 24 timer ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid. Den næste dag vaskes låget med frisk E8-medium, og embryonale kropsopløsninger overføres til et 50-milliliter konisk rør. Lad embryonale organer til at nøjes med et minut ved stuetemperatur, før indsugning supernatant og re-suspension af embryonale organer med frisk E8 medium for deres kultur i en 90-millimeter petriskål ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid, indtil deres differentiering.For CBMC-iPSC keratinocytdifferentiering erstattes E8-mediet fra embryonale legemestation med frisk E8-medium suppleret med et nanogram pr. milliliter knoglemorfogenetisk protein 4 for en 24-timers inkubation ved 37 grader Celsius og 5 % kuldioxid. Den næste dag, høste embryonale organer i en 50-milliliter konisk rør som påvist, og lad kroppene til at nøjes med et minut ved stuetemperatur. Dernæst erstatte supernatant med seks milliliter keratinocyt differentiering medium 1, eller KDM1, suppleret med 10 mikromolar ROCK-hæmmer, og overføre embryonale organer til en Type IV Kollagen-belagt 100-millimeter skål.På dags nul gennem otte af kultur, erstatte mediet hver anden dag med frisk KDM1, suppleret med tre-mikromolar retinsyre og 25 nanogram per milliliter hver af knogle morfogenetiske protein 4 og epidermal vækstfaktor. Mellem dag ni til 12 erstattes mediet hver anden dag med KDM2 suppleret med tre mikromolarretinsyre, 25 nanogram pr. milliliter knoglemorfogenetisk protein 4 og 20 nanogram pr. milliliter epidermal vækstfaktor. Mellem dag 13 til 30, ændre mediet hver anden dag til KDM3, suppleret med 10 nanogram pr. milliliter knoglemorfogenetisk protein 4, og 20 nanogram pr. milliliter epidermal vækstfaktor.For CBMC-iPSC fibroblast differentiering, re-suspendere embryonale kropskultur i seks milliliter fibroblast differentiering medium 1, suppleret med 10-mikromolar ROCK-hæmmer, og overføre embryonale organ suspension til en kælder membran matrix-belagt 100-millimeter skål. Efter tre dages inkubation behandles kulturen med 0,5-nanomolar knoglemorfoogenetiske protein 4 i fire dage, før mediet til fibroblastdifferentieringsmediet 2 ændres. På dag syv af kultur, ændre mediet til FDM2 hver anden dag i en uge.På kulturens dag 14 skal cellerne løsnes med en millimolar EDTA som påvist, og cellerne opsamres i tre milliliter fibroblastdifferentieringsmedium 2 til centrifugering. Re-suspendere cellerne i fem milliliter fibroblast differentiering medium 1 til optælling, og overføre to gange-10-til-den-sjette celler til en ikke-belagt fad. På kulturens dag overføres to gange-10-til-den sjette celler fra kulturen til en Type I Collagen-belagt 100-millimeter skål i frisk fibroblastdifferentieringsmedium 1.På kulturens dag 28 overføres to gange-10-til-seks af de iPSC-afledte fibroblaster til en ny ikke-belagt skål. For tre-dimensionelle hud organoid generation, høste iPSC-afledte fibroblaster fra kultur, og overføre to gange-10-til-femte celler til en 15-milliliter konisk rør til centrifugering. Re-suspendere fibroblast pellet i 1,5 milliliter fibroblast differentiering medium 1, og 1,5 milliliter neutraliseret Type I Kollagen opløsning.Inkuber cellerne på en indsats i en seks-brønd mikroplade i 30 minutter ved stuetemperatur. Når opløsningen er størknet, tilsættes to milliliter medium til toppen af indsatsen og tre milliliter til bunden af brønden. Derefter placere fibroblast matrix i inkubatoren i fem til syv dage, indtil geleringen er færdig, og matrixen ikke længere kontrakter.Ved inkubationens afslutning høstes de iPSC-afledte keratinocytter, og der overføres en gang-10-til-sjette celler til et konisk rør med 15 milliliter til centrifugering. Re-suspendere pellet i 50 til 100 mikroliter af lav calcium epitel medium 1, og erstatte medium over fibroblast matrix med keratinocyt celleopløsning. Efter 15 minutter ved 37 grader Celsius, erstatte mediet i toppen af indsatsen med to milliliter epitel medium 1, og mediet i bunden godt med tre milliliter af samme, og returnere pladen til inkubatoren.Efter to dage udskiftes mediet i indsatsen og brønden med normalt calciumpitelmed 2 i yderligere to kulturdage. På dag fire af kultur, fjerne alle de mellemstore, og tilsæt tre milliliter cornification medium til bunden godt kun, at generere en luft-væske interface. Derefter returneres pladen til inkubatoren i op til 14 dage, før 3D-hudorganoiden høstes til downstream-analyse.CBMC-iPSC-afledte keratinocytter har morfologi svarende til primære keratinocytter, og ekspressionen af keratinocyt markører øges i disse celler. CBMC-iPSC-afledte fibroblaster har morfologi svarende til primære fibroblaster, og udtrykket af pluripotente stamcellemarkør Oct-4 er ned-reguleret, mens fibroblast markører er op-reguleret. Tykkelsen af 3D hud organoid stiger under 3D-kultur, bekræfter, at 3D hud organoid er genereret fra iPSC-afledte keratinocytter og fibroblaster.Efter to uger, en transplanteret 3D hud organoid graft effektivt inkorporerer i en modtager mus hud, som bekræftet af HNE analyse. Endvidere er keratinocytmodning og epidermal differentieringsmarkører udtrykt i CBMC-iPSC-afledte 3D-hudorganoider, der viser en funktionel differentiering, effektiv podning og effektiv heling af museskinddefekter. Vi bruger tidligere med det høje calciummedium, der inducerer lagdelte lag af 3D-hud organoid til at efterligne nær huden.analyse viser, at huden er stratificeret. CBMC-iPSCs er en potentiel cellekilde for hudtransplantationer, og CBMC-iPSC-afledte 3D-hudorganoider kan anvendes i undersøgelser relateret til dermatologi, kosmetisk screening og regenerativ medicin.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

Generation af induceret pluripotente stamceller fra Frozen Buffy Coats hjælp Ikke integrere episomale plasmider

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

Generation of Induced-pluripotent Stem Cells Using Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Isolated from Joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Generation af induceret-pluripotente stamceller Brug fibroblastlignende synoviocytter Isoleret fra leddene på leddegigt patienter

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Generation af induceret pluripotente stamceller fra human melanoma Tumor-infiltrerende lymfocytter

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets ...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

Induceret Pluripotente Stem Cell Generation fra Blood Cells Brug Sendai Virus og Centrifugering

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent ...

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Generation af Integration-fri induceret pluripotente stamceller fra humane perifere mononucleære blodceller Brug episomale vektorer

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal ...

Differentiating Chondrocytes from Peripheral Blood-derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Differentierende chondrocytter fra perifert blodafledte humane inducerede pluripotente stamceller

In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an ...

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Kondrogen pelletsdannelse fra ledningsblod-afledte inducerede pluripotente stamceller

Human articular cartilage lacks the ability to repair itself. Cartilage degeneration is thus treated not by curative but by conservative treatments. ...

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation af standardiserede og reproducerbare forhjernen-type Cerebral Organoids fra menneskelige induceret pluripotente stamceller

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

I Vitro Generation af Somite derivater fra menneskelige induceret celler pluripotente stamceller

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...