Name: studying oxidative stress caused by the mitis group streptococci in caenorhabditis elegans
Uploaded: 2019-03-23T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Oxidative Stress Caused by the Mitis Group Streptococci in Caenorhabditis elegans at JoVE.com

我们感谢王炳燕博士、德克萨斯大学牙科学院的 Gena Tribble 博士、Richard Lamont 博士 (路易斯维尔大学牙科学院) 和 Samuel Shelburne 博士 (MD Anderson 癌症中心) 提供了实验室和临床菌株。缓解组链球菌。我们还感谢基思·布莱克威尔博士 (哈佛医学院遗传学系) 的线虫菌株。最后, 我们感谢丹妮尔·加辛博士和她的实验室 (德克萨斯大学麦戈文医学院) 提供试剂和蠕虫来进行这项研究。一些蠕虫菌株是由国家卫生研究院研究基础设施项目办公室 (P40 OD010440) 资助的 CGC 提供的。

1. ty (Tod-hewitt 酵母提取物) 琼脂板的制备
<ol><li>对于1升的培养基, 在2升的 erlenmeyer 烧瓶中加入30克的 Tod-hewitt 粉、2克的酵母提取物和20克的琼脂。在烧瓶内加入970毫升去离子水, 并加入搅拌吧。在121°c 的温度和 15 lb ch 2 的压力下, 对介质进行高压灭菌30分钟。此后, 将介质放在搅拌板上, 并允许温和搅拌冷却。</li>
	<li>将培养基倒入适当大小的无菌 Petri 培养皿 (100 毫米 x 15 毫米的培养皿用?...

<ol>
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W., Alder, S., Kumar, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasion+and+killing+of+human+endothelial+cells+by+viridans+group+streptococci.">Invasion and killing of human endothelial cells by viridans group streptococci.</a> Infection and Immunity. 71 (5), 2365-2372 (2003).</li><li>Rai, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+secretes+hydrogen+peroxide+leading+to+DNA+damage+and+apoptosis+in+lung+cells.">Streptococcus pneumoniae secretes hydrogen peroxide leading to DNA damage and apoptosis in lung cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (26), 3421-3430 (2015).</li><li>Braun, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pneumococcal+pneumolysin+and+H(2)O(2)+mediate+brain+cell+apoptosis+during+meningitis.">Pneumococcal pneumolysin and H(2)O(2) mediate brain cell apoptosis during meningitis.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 109 (2), 19-27 (2002).</li><li>Naji, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+activation+of+the+oxidative+stress+response+transcription+factor+SKN-1+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans+by+mitis+group+streptococci.">The activation of the oxidative stress response transcription factor SKN-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans by mitis group streptococci.</a> PLoS One. 13 (8), 0202233 (2018).</li><li>Bolm, M., Jansen, W. T., Schnabel, R., Chhatwal, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogen+peroxide-mediated+killing+of+Caenorhabditis+elegans:+a+common+feature+of+different+streptococcal+species.">Hydrogen peroxide-mediated killing of Caenorhabditis elegans: a common feature of different streptococcal species.</a> Infection and Immunity. 72 (2), 1192-1194 (2004).</li><li>Sifri, C. D., Begun, J., Ausubel, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+worm+has+turned--microbial+virulence+modeled+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">The worm has turned--microbial virulence modeled in Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Trends in Microbiology. 13 (3), 119-127 (2005).</li><li>Irazoqui, J. E., Ausubel, F. 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Y., Isik, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SKN-1/Nrf,+stress+responses,+and+aging+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">SKN-1/Nrf, stress responses, and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Free Radical Biology &amp; Medicine. 88, 290-301 (2015).</li><li>Irazoqui, J. E., Urbach, J. M., Ausubel, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+host+innate+defence:+insights+from+Caenorhabditis+elegans+and+primitive+invertebrates.">Evolution of host innate defence: insights from Caenorhabditis elegans and primitive invertebrates.</a> Nature Reviews Immunology. 10 (1), 47-58 (2010).</li><li>Park, S. K., Tedesco, P. M., Johnson, T. 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所述方法可用于其他病原菌, 如粪便肠球菌,它也产生在厌氧或微氧条件下生长的 h2o2 26. 通常情况下, 对于大多数病原生物来说, 完成生存检测需要几天到几周的时间。然而, 由于缓解组成员对 h2o2的稳健生产, 在所述条件下, 这些检测可以在5-6 内完成.这确保了能够在短时间内筛选出几个参与宿主免疫和氧化应激反应的基因候选体。
<p class=...

Mitis 组链球菌是口咽腔1的人的共生体.然而, 这些生物可以逃离这个生态位, 并导致各种侵入性疾病2。这些微生物引起的感染包括菌血症、心内膜炎和眼眶蜂窝炎 2、3、4、5、6。此外, 它们正在成为免疫功能低下、中性粒细胞减少和接受化疗5、7、8、9 的癌症患者的血液感染的病原体..
由于很少发现毒力因素, 因此不清楚缓解组发病机制的机制。据悉, 它产生了 H2o2, 这已证明在口腔微生物群落中发挥了重要作用。最近, 几项研究强调了 h2o2 作为诱导上皮细胞死亡的细胞毒素的作用 11,12.属于这一组的肺炎已被证明会产生高水平的 h2o2, 从而导致肺泡细胞13的 dna 损伤和凋亡.使用急性肺炎动物模型, 同样的研究人员证明, 由细菌生产h2o2 具有毒力优势.对肺炎球菌性脑膜炎的研究也表明, 病原体衍生的h2o2 与气素协同作用, 引发神经元细胞死亡14.这些观察清楚地证明,这一组细菌产生的 h2o2 对其致病性很重要.
有趣的是, 还表明, 通过生产 h2o215 ,16, 群的成员会导致线虫的死亡.这种自由生活的线虫被用作研究许多生物过程的简单的、可遗传可操作的模型。最近, 蠕虫已成为研究宿主病原体相互作用的模型 17,18。此外, 一些研究强调了利用这种生物研究氧化应激的重要性19,20,21。其生命周期短, RNAi 能够击倒感兴趣的基因, 以及使用绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 融合记者来监测基因表达, 这些都是使其成为一个有吸引力的模型系统的一些属性。更重要的是, 调节蠕虫氧化应激和先天免疫的途径与哺乳动物20,22高度保守。
在该协议中, 它被证明如何使用线虫来阐明链球菌衍生的 h2o2 引起的致病性.改进的存活试验显示, 缓解组成员能够通过h2o2的生产迅速杀死蠕虫.利用缓解组的成员, 提供了活性氧 (ROS) 的持续生物来源, 而不是诱导蠕虫氧化应激的化学来源。此外, 细菌能够迅速对蠕虫进行殖民, 这使得 H2o2 可以直接针对肠道细胞 (与其他必须跨越几个屏障的来源相比)。该检测方法是: 1) 通过测定skn-1突变菌株的生存率, 或通过在蠕虫中使用 RNAi 击倒skn-1 , 相对于 n2 野生类型和病媒控制处理的蠕虫, 进行了验证。skn-1 是调节线虫 23,24, 25中氧化应激反应的重要转录因子。除了生存检测外, 还使用一种表示 SKN-1BC:GFP 转基因记者的蠕虫菌株,通过缓解组生产的 h2o2 来监测氧化应激反应的激活.

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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Media and chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
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			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Agarose&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A9539-50G</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Bacto peptone&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DF0118-17-0</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">BD Bacto Todd Hewitt Broth</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DF0492-17-6</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">BD BBL Sheep Blood, Defibrinated&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B11947</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">BD Difco Agar&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DF0145-17-0</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">BD Difco LB Broth</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DF0446-17-3</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">R01200</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Calcium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP510-500</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">BP26481</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Cholesterol</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">IPTG</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MP21021012</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP213-1</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Nystatin</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">BP363-500</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Potassium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP362-500</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">S. mitis ATCC 49456</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">S. gordonii DL1 Challis&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">E. coli OP50</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">E. coli HT115</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Worm Strains</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">Strain</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Genotype</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Transgene</td>
			<td>Source</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">N2</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">C. elegans wild isolate</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>CGC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">EU1</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">skn-1(zu67) IV/nT1 [unc-?(n754) let-?] (IV;V)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>CGC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:381px;">LD002</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">IdIs1</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SKN-1B/C::GFP + rol-6(su1006)</td>
			<td>Keith Blackwell</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

studying oxidative stress caused by the mitis group streptococci in caenorhabditis elegans

线虫是一种自由生活的线虫, 已成为研究宿主病原体相互作用的一个有吸引力的模型。该协议利用该模型通过 h2o2 的生产来确定群链球菌引起的致病性.炎群链球菌是一种新出现的威胁, 引起许多人类疾病, 如菌血症、心内膜炎和眼眶蜂窝炎。这里描述的是一个协议, 以确定这些蠕虫的生存响应 h2o2 产生的这一组病原体.利用氧化应激反应转录因子的基因skn-1编码, 表明该模型对于识别对链球菌感染至关重要的宿主基因非常重要。此外, 研究表明, 在这些病原体存在的情况下, 可以使用转基因记者蠕虫菌株监测氧化应激反应的激活, 其中 SKN-1 与绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 融合。这些检测提供了一个机会, 研究氧化应激反应的 h2o2从一个生物来源, 而不是外源添加活性氧 (ros) 来源.

与突变体、唾液和 非致病性大肠杆菌50 ( 图 3a) 相比, 群的成员迅速杀死了蠕虫. 西叶、和 的中位生存率分别为 300 分钟、 300 分钟和 345 分钟。为了确定是否由 H2o2 介导杀灭, 过氧化氢酶补充到 thy 琼脂.在过氧化氢酶存在的情况下, 蠕虫的杀戮被消灭 (<strong class=...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Oxidative Stress Caused by the Mitis Group Streptococci in Caenorhabditis elegans at JoVE.com

Studying Oxidative Stress Caused by the Mitis Group Streptococci in Caenorhabditis elegans

线虫是解剖寄主-病原体相互作用的良好模型。这里描述的是一个协议, 感染蠕虫与炎组链球菌成员, 并确定激活的氧化应激反应对 h2o2 产生的这一组生物。

线虫中耳炎群链球菌引起氧化应激的研究

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a free-living nematode, has emerged as an attractive model to study host-pathogen interactions. The presented ...

在该协议中，我们演示了如何使用自由生活方法c. elegans 来阐明通过 Mitis Group 链球菌产生的过氧化氢引起的致病性。这项技术的主要优点是，我们可以通过使用活性氧物种的可持续生物来源而不是化学来源来研究蠕虫中的致病性和应激反应的激活。对于一升介质，在2升Erlin Myer烧瓶中加入30克的Tod Hewitt粉末、2克酵母提取物和20克的啤酒。在烧瓶中加入970毫升的去维水，放入搅拌棒中。使用铝箔盖住开口。在121摄氏度的温度下将介质在121摄氏度的温度下，以每平方英寸15磅的压力，在30分钟内被高压。此后，将烧瓶放在搅拌板上，轻轻搅拌冷却。在层罩下，将介质倒入大小适当的无菌培养皿中。让介质干燥 2 小时。此后，将盘子存放在4摄氏度，长达1个月。在制备 Mitis 组链球菌之前，在培养箱中将 THY agar 板加热到 37 摄氏度。之后，使用无菌循环，以条纹出所需的菌株在地方。然后将盘子放入蜡烛罐中，在37摄氏度下孵育约18小时，以提供一个微嗜血环境。第二天，从蜡烛罐中取下盘子，使用无菌循环来挑选孤立的菌落。接种含有2mlTHY汤的15毫升无菌锥形管。紧固盖，在静态条件下在 37 摄氏度下孵育管。在培养箱中预热的 THY 板温度达到 37 摄氏度，在 THY 板上加入 50 微升含有 1000 个单位的催化酶溶液。使用无菌扩散器摊铺催化酶溶液，让板在层流罩上干燥 30 分钟。要用链球菌菌株对板材进行播种，请使用移液器将80微升的隔夜生长培养物加入到板材中，并使用无菌传播器将细菌完全扩散到阿加表面。在37摄氏度的蜡烛罐中孵育盘子过夜。作为一种控制，在两个NGM板上，添加80微升的隔夜生长的大肠杆菌OP-50培养物进行播种。在37摄氏度下孵育板过夜。第二天，从蜡烛罐中取下盘子，让盘子冷却到室温。使用无菌蠕虫采摘，将 30 L4 幼虫从 NGM 喂养板转移到链球菌种子的 THY 板。在25摄氏度下孵育板。在解剖显微镜下，数数每个板上活体和死L4幼虫的数量，在多个时间点。使用无菌蠕虫选择轻轻地生产蠕虫，并确定它们是死是活。最初，每 30 分钟将蠕虫评分为已死或每 30 分钟一次。当蠕虫迅速开始死亡时，每隔 15 分钟给它们一个评分。检测需要5至6个小时才能完成。之后，再重复两次实验。要准备阿加罗斯垫，请沿着两个玻璃滑梯纵向粘上实验室。这将确定红糖垫的厚度。在两个胶带的幻灯片之间放置一个干净的玻璃滑梯。在去维化水中溶解阿加罗斯，使2个重量体积百分比，并在微波炉中加热溶液。使用移液器将 100 微升熔融的气糖放在清洁滑轨的中心。立即将另一个干净的玻璃滑梯放在熔融的加糖顶部，然后轻轻按下以制作垫子。让加糖凝固，然后拆下顶部滑动。加糖垫已准备就绪。预热 THY 板至 37 摄氏度。与之前在生存测定中所做的一样，用链球菌菌株播种板。种子3NGM板与大肠杆菌OP-50作为控制和孵育在37摄氏度过夜。第二天，将盘子冷却到室温。使用 M9W 缓冲液将 L4 幼虫从 NGM 或 NGM RNAi 喂养板中清洗到 15 ml 锥形管中。在离心机中旋转管450倍，一分钟。去上一液，并添加10毫升M9W到每个管。再重复离心步骤三次。将蠕虫重新悬浮在 M9W 的 250 微升中，将三个 5 微升的蠕虫悬浮液滴放在干净的 Petri 盘盖上。在解剖显微镜下，估计每微升蠕虫的数量。使用移液器，将大约 100 个 L4 幼虫添加到每个 THY 链球菌种子和 NGM 大肠杆菌种子板中。每株细菌使用三个板。在25摄氏度下孵育板2至3小时。之后，从培养箱中取出板。用 M9W 清洗它们，并在 15ml 锥形管中收集蠕虫。洗涤蠕虫三次，如以前在离心步骤中完成。通过吸气去除大部分 M9W。并在蠕虫颗粒中加入500微升含有2毫摩尔亚兹钠或盐酸四米素的微升，用于麻醉。在室温下用蠕虫颗粒孵育管15分钟。然后，将蠕虫悬浮液的15微升滴到事先准备好的垫上。在荧光显微镜下，利用菲茨和达皮滤镜可视化skn-1的本地化。图像蠕虫的放大倍数为 10 倍，放大倍数为 20 倍。根据三个本地化级别对蠕虫进行评分;低局部化，其中没有观察到核本地化，中等局部化，蠕虫前部或后部有SKN 1 BCGFP，高局部化，在所有肠道细胞中观察到skn-1 BCGFP的核本地化。在这个实验中，Mitis组的成员迅速杀死了蠕虫，而不是S.mutans，S.s.salivarius和非致病性大肠杆菌OP-50。当猫酶被补充到YTH ager时，蠕虫的杀戮被废除。与野生型和恭维菌株相比，在三角洲spxB突变菌株上未观察到蠕虫的死亡。这些数据表明，Mitis集团产生的过氧化氢是蠕虫的中分。与病媒对照处理的蠕虫相比，观察到skn-1击倒蠕虫的存活率显著降低。与skn-1突变菌株和N2野生型蠕虫观察到类似的杀戮表型。这表明skn-1影响蠕虫在Mitis组的生存。skn-1 BCGFP 的局部化是在暴露在野生 N 型维高菌株中的蠕虫中观察到的，而不是对 S- 9 的 Delta spxB 突变菌株的反应。在P38图激酶通路成分被击倒后，观察到skn-1 BCGFP的局部化减少，并击倒经过处理的蠕虫，相对于病媒控制处理的蠕虫。通过使用链球菌c。利根系统，过氧化氢对内质性垂直应力、线粒体损伤、线粒体、线磷和磷化的影响可进一步研究。此外，还可以确定过氧化氢作为病毒性因素通过破坏细胞核心过程来引起免疫反应的机制。

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Studying Oxidative Stress Caused by the Mitis Group Streptococci in Caenorhabditis elegans

Comprehensive Assessment of Germline Chemical Toxicity Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Comprehensive Assessment of Germline Chemical Toxicity Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

生殖系化学毒性的利用线虫综合评估<em&gt;秀丽隐杆线虫</em

Identifying the reproductive toxicity of the thousands of chemicals present in our environment has been one of the most tantalizing challenges in the ...

科研

发育生物学

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline

在Active ERK的时空分析<em&gt;℃。线虫</em&gt;生殖系

The evolutionarily conserved&#160;extracellular signal transducing RTK-RAS-ERK pathway is an important kinase-signaling cascade that controls multiple ...

Immobilization of Caenorhabditis elegans to Analyze Intracellular Transport in Neurons

Immobilization of Caenorhabditis elegans to Analyze Intracellular Transport in Neurons

固定化的线虫线虫分析神经元内细胞的转运

Axonal transport and intraflagellar transport (IFT) are essential for axon and cilia morphogenesis and function. Kinesin superfamily proteins and dynein ...

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

rna 干扰和热休克诱导转录因子表达在重编程生殖细胞到神经元中的应用C. 线虫

Studying the cell biological processes during converting the identities of specific cell types provides important insights into mechanism that maintain ...

Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans

Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans

评估溶酶体碱化在活的秀丽线虫中的肠道

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a model system that is widely used to study longevity and developmental pathways. Such studies are ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

秀丽线虫生殖的计算分析研究细胞核、蛋白质和细胞骨架的分布

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

用扫描电镜和全贴免疫荧光技术可视化小鼠胚胎中的节点和外型板

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is ...

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

研究大鼠固定性诱导膝关节弯曲收缩的微型侵入性内固定技术

Joint contracture, resulting from a prolonged joint immobilization, is a common complication in orthopedics. Currently, utilizing an internal fixation to ...

Isotropic Light-Sheet Microscopy and Automated Cell Lineage Analyses to Catalogue Caenorhabditis elegans Embryogenesis with Subcellular Resolution

亚细胞分辨率的各向同性光片显微镜及细胞自动动力学分析

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) stands out as the only organism in which the challenge of understanding the cellular origins of an entire nervous ...

Measuring Sperm Guidance and Motility within the Caenorhabditis elegans Hermaphrodite Reproductive Tract

Measuring Sperm Guidance and Motility within the Caenorhabditis elegans Hermaphrodite Reproductive Tract

线虫生殖道内精子引导和运动的测定

Successful fertilization is fundamental to sexual reproduction, yet little is known about the mechanisms that guide sperm to oocytes within the female ...