Name: conversion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) into functional spinal and cranial motor neurons using piggybac vectors
Uploaded: 2019-05-01T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors at JoVE.com

作者希望感谢意大利纳米科学研究所生命纳米科学中心的成像设施提供的支持和技术咨询。我们感谢生命纳米科学中心的成员进行了有益的讨论。这项工作得到了 AriSLA (2016年 "StressFUS" 试点赠款) 向 AR 提供的赠款的部分支持。

1. 人类 Ipsc 的维护
<ol><li>
基质涂层板的制备
	<ol>
<li>在4°C 下连夜解冻一个5毫升的基质 (见材料表)。原始的基质库存在不同的库存浓度下, 并根据数据表上显示的稀释系数进行。重要的是要保持小瓶和管冰凉, 以防止过早的胶凝矩阵。在冰上预先冷却的低温管中, 将基质分配到等价物中。在-20°c 时冻结未使用的脂肪。</li>
		<li>将一个放在冰上大约2小时才能解冻。</li>
		<li...

<ol>
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D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+a+spinal+muscular+atrophy+patient.">Induced pluripotent stem cells from a spinal muscular atrophy patient.</a> Nature. 457 (7227), 277-280 (2009).</li><li>Lenzi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ALS+mutant+FUS+proteins+are+recruited+into+stress+granules+in+induced+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells+(iPSCs)+derived+motoneurons.">ALS mutant FUS proteins are recruited into stress granules in induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) derived motoneurons.</a> Disease models &amp; mechanisms. 8 (7), 755-766 (2015).</li><li>Wijesekera, L. C., Leigh, P. 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由于谱系特异性转录因子的异位表达, 该协议可以有效地将人的 Ipsc 转化为脊柱和颅内运动神经元。这些转基因是由多西环素诱导和稳定地集成在基因组中感谢一个 piggyBac 转座子基载体。在混合人群中, 一个或多个携带 Bac 载体的副本将随机整合到单个细胞的基因组中, 从而增加基因组完整性改变的风险。此外, 随着时间的推移, 可能会逐步选择 iPSC 亚克隆, 可能会对分化以及疾病和控制细胞系的比?...

运动神经元 (MN) 变性在肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 和脊髓肌萎缩 (SMA) 等人类疾病中起着致病作用。建立合适的体外细胞模型系统, 总结人类 MN 的复杂性, 是朝着发展新的治疗方法迈出的重要一步。诱导多能干细胞 (ipsc) 具有显著的多系分化特性, 目前已从一些受运动神经元疾病 1,2 的患者中提取。从控制 "健康" 多能干细胞3开始, 基因编辑产生了更多携带与 MN 疾病相关的致病突变的 iPSC 系.这些生产线是体外疾病建模和药物筛选的有用工具, 前提是有适当的 iPSC 分为 Mn 的方法。这种方法发展的基本原理是为对 MN 疾病感兴趣的科学界提供快速有效的分化协议, 从而产生成熟的功能 Mn。此方法的第一个优点是其执行时间范围。另一个相关的强项来自于任何净化步骤的消除。最后, 该协议可用于生成两个不同的运动神经元群。
生成不同子类型的 mn 的可能性与 MN 疾病的建模特别相关。并非所有的 MN 亚型在 ALS 和 SMA 中都同样脆弱, 不同运动单位的症状出现对预后有很大影响。在 ALS 中, 脊柱出现症状开始于上肢和下肢, 导致死亡约 3-5年 4.相反, 球囊发作, 从颅骨 MNs 的退化开始, 有一个最坏的预后。此外, rna 结合蛋白 FUS 和 TDP-43 突变患者的球状发病百分比明显高于 SOD1 突变5患者。几乎所有的替代 mn 分化协议依赖于维甲酸 (ra) 的活性, 这赋予了脊椎字符分化 ipsc6,7,8。这限制了研究内在因素的可能性, 而内在因素可能对特定的 mn 亚型9、10 具有保护作用。
与以前在小鼠胚胎干细胞11中的研究一致, 我们最近已经表明, 在人类 Ipsc 中, Ngn2、isl1 和 Lhx3 (nil) 的异位表达诱导了脊柱 mn 的身份, 而 Ngn2 和 isl1 加 phox2a (nip) 则指定了颅内 mn12。因此, 我们开发了一个高效的协议, 导致在12天的周转时间内生产具有功能特性的人类 MNs。这种方法的目的是在很短的时间内, 在不需要纯化的情况下 (例如, 通过流式细胞仪), 获得具有脊柱或颅内身份的 MNs 高度丰富的细胞群。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:2004px;" width="2004">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">5-Bapta</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A4926-1G</td>
			<td style="width:1289px;">chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Accutase</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A6964-100ML&#160;</td>
			<td>Cell dissociation reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-CHAT</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore&#160;</td>
			<td>AB144P</td>
			<td>Anti-Choline Acetyltransferase. Primary antibody used in immunostaining assays. RRID: AB_2079751; Lot number: 2971003</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>A11055</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody used for immonofluorescence assays. RRID: AB_2534102; Lot number: 1915848</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 647</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>A31571</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody used for immonofluorescence assays. RRID: AB_162542; Lot number: 1757130</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-Oct4&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>611202</td>
			<td>Primary antibody used in immunostaining assays. RRID: AB_398736; Lot number: 5233722</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-Phox2b</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.</td>
			<td>sc-376997</td>
			<td>Primary antibody used in immunostaining assays. Lot number: E0117</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 594&#160;</td>
			<td>Immunological Sciences</td>
			<td>IS-20152-1</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody used for immonofluorescence assays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-TUJ1&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>T2200</td>
			<td>Primary antibody used in immunostaining assays. RRID: AB_262133</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">B27</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-093-566</td>
			<td>Serum free supplement for neuronal cell maintenance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bambanker</td>
			<td>Nippon Genetics</td>
			<td>NGE-BB02</td>
			<td>Cell freezing medium, used here for motor neuron progenitors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BDNF</td>
			<td>PreproTech</td>
			<td>450-02</td>
			<td>Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blasticidin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>203350</td>
			<td>Nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BSA</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2153</td>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin. Blocking agent to prevent non-specific binding of antibodies in immunostaining assays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C3881</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clampex 10 software</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>Clampex 10</td>
			<td>Membrane currents recording system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Corning Matrigel hESC-qualified Matrix</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354277</td>
			<td style="width:1289px;">Reconstituted basement membrane preparation from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma. Used for adhesion of iPSC to plastic and glass supports</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CRYOSTEM ACF FREEZING MEDIA</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>05-710-1E</td>
			<td>Freezing medium for human iPSCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5146</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DAPI powder</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10236276001</td>
			<td>4&#8242;,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Fluorescent stain that binds to adenine&#8211;thymine rich regions in DNA used for nuclei staining in immonofluorescence assays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DAPT</td>
			<td>AdipoGen</td>
			<td>AG-CR1-0016-M005</td>
			<td>Gamma secretase inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dispase</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
			<td>Reagent for gentle dissociation of human iPSCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D6421-500ML</td>
			<td>Basal medium for cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Doxycycline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9891-1G&#160;</td>
			<td>Used to induce expression of transgenes from epB-Bsd-TT-NIL and epB-Bsd-TT-NIP vectors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DS2U&#160;</td>
			<td>WiCell</td>
			<td>UWWC1-DS2U</td>
			<td>Commercial human iPSC line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">E.Z.N.A Total RNA Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Omega bio-tek</td>
			<td>R6834-02</td>
			<td>Kit for total extraction of RNA from cultured eukaryotic cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GDNF</td>
			<td>PreproTech</td>
			<td>450-10</td>
			<td>Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gibco Episomal hiPSC Line</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A18945</td>
			<td>Commercial human iPSC line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glutamax</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>35050038</td>
			<td>An alternative to L-glutamine with increased stability. Improves cell health.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hepes</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4034</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">iScript Reverse Transcription Supermix for RT-qPCR&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1708841</td>
			<td>Kit for gene expression analysis using real-time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">iTaqTM Universal SYBR Green Supermix&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>172-5121&#160;</td>
			<td>Ready-to-use reaction master mix optimized for dye-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) on any real-time PCR instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">K-Gluconate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G4500</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9333</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-ascorbic acid</td>
			<td>LKT Laboratories</td>
			<td>A7210</td>
			<td>Used in cell culture as an antioxidant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Laminin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>11243217001</td>
			<td>Promotes attachment and growth of neural cells in vitro</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Laser scanning confocal microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>&#160;iX83 FluoView1200</td>
			<td>Confocal microscope for acquisition of immunostaining images</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mg-ATP</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9187</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M8266</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mounting Medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Ibidi</td>
			<td>50001</td>
			<td>Mounting solution used for confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence assays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multiclamp patch-clamp amplifier</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>700B</td>
			<td>Membrane currents recording system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Na-GTP</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G8877</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>71376</td>
			<td>chemicals for electrophysiological solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NEAA</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11140035</td>
			<td>Non-Essential Amino Acids. Used as a supplement for cell culture medium, to increase cell growth and viability.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Neon 100 &#956;L Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MPK10096</td>
			<td>Cell electroporation kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Neon Transfection System</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MPK5000</td>
			<td>Cell electroporation system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Neurobasal Medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21103049</td>
			<td>Basal medium designed for long-term maintenance and maturation of neuronal cell populations without the need for an astrocyte feeder layer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NutriStem-XF/FF&#160;</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>05-100-1A</td>
			<td>Human iPSC culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>157-8</td>
			<td>Used for cell fixation in immunostaining assays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8662-500ML</td>
			<td>Dulbecco s Phosphate Buffer Saline w Calcium w Magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PBS Ca2+/Mg2+ free</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8537-500ML</td>
			<td>Dulbecco s Phosphate Buffer Saline w/o Calcium w/o Magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4333-100ML</td>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomicin solution used to prevent cell culture contamination from bacteria.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">poly-ornithine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4957</td>
			<td>Promotes attachment and growth of neural cells in vitro</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SU5402</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>SML0443-5MG</td>
			<td>Selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td>4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol,&#160;t-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, Polyethylene glycol&#160;tert-octylphenyl ether. Used for cell permeabilization in immunostaining assays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Upright microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>BX51VI</td>
			<td>Microscope for electrophysiological recording equipped with CoolSnap Myo camera&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Y-27632&#160; (ROCK inhibitor)</td>
			<td>Enzo Life Sciences</td>
			<td>ALX-270-333-M005&#160;</td>
			<td>Cell-permeable selective inhibitor of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK). Increases iPSC survival</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#956;-Slide 8 Well&#160;</td>
			<td>Ibidi</td>
			<td>80826</td>
			<td>Support for high&#8211;end microscopic analysis of fixed cells</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

conversion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) into functional spinal and cranial motor neurons using piggybac vectors

我们这里描述了一种方法来获得功能性脊椎和颅内运动神经元从人类诱导的多能干细胞 (Ipsc)。直接转化为运动神经元是通过转录因子的替代模块, 即 Ngn2、Isl1 和 Lhx3 (NIL) 或 Ngn2、Isl1 和 Phox2a (NIP) 的异位表达而获得的。NIL 和 NIP 分别指定脊柱和颅内运动神经元的身份。我们的协议从生成修改后的 iPSC 线开始, 在这些线路中, NIL 或 NIP 通过 piggyBac 转座子载体稳定地集成到基因组中。然后由多西环素诱导转基因基因的表达, 并在5天内导致 Ipsc 转化为 MN 祖细胞。随后的成熟, 7天, 导致脊柱或颅内 Mna 的同质种群。与以前的协议相比, 我们的方法有几个优点: 它非常快速和简化;它不需要病毒感染或进一步 MN 分离;它允许产生不同的 MN 亚群 (脊椎和颅骨) 与显著的成熟程度, 这证明了火训练的动作电位。此外, 大量的运动神经元可以获得没有纯化从混合人群。ipsc 衍生的脊髓和颅内运动神经元可用于肌萎缩侧索硬化症和运动神经神经元的其他神经退行性疾病的体外建模。均匀运动神经元群可能是细胞类型特异性药物筛选的重要资源。

图 1显示了微分方法的示意图描述。人体 Ipsc (WT I线 3) 通过 epB-Bsd-TT-NIL 或 EpB-Bsd-TT-NIL 进行转染, 在选择无菌性细胞线12后生成稳定和诱导细胞系, 以下分别称为 Ipsc-nil 和 ipsc-nip。对分化细胞的多能性标记 OCT4 和泛神经元标记 TUJ1 的表达进行了表征。免疫染色分析显示, 在没有 TUJ1 阳性的情况下, 在第0天, OCT4 在所有细胞中的表达均匀 (<strong c...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors at JoVE.com

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

该协议允许诱导多能干细胞快速有效地转换为具有脊柱或颅内身份的运动神经元, 通过从诱导的 piggyBac 载体的转录因子的异位表达。

利用 PiggyBac 载体将人诱导的多能干细胞 (Ipsc) 转化为功能性脊柱和颅内运动神经元

We describe here a method to obtain functional spinal and cranial motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Direct conversion into ...

产生运动神经元不同亚型的可能性对于模拟现代运动神经元疾病（如肌萎缩性侧法硬化症）特别相关。此方法允许在短时间内获得具有脊柱或颅骨特性的运动神经元高度刚性的细胞群，并且没有纯化步骤。在简化培养条件下，从诱导多能干细胞或 iPSC 中生成人类运动神经元可能有助于运动神经元疾病的药物筛选。编程转录因子的可受性表达可用于从 iPSC 存储库生成其他细胞类型，如神经元、骨骼肌和胶质细胞。对于 NIL 和 NIP iPSC 生产线的生成，在 37 摄氏度下用细胞分离试剂处理细胞 5 到 10 分钟之前，使用不含钙和镁的 PBS 冲洗人类 iPSC 培养素。当细胞开始与培养容器分离时，使用 P1000 移液器轻轻地手动分离细胞三到四次。将细胞转移到15毫升管中，用新鲜的PBS将最终体积调至10毫升，无需钙和镁进行计数。通过离心收集1倍10至第六细胞，然后从电穿孔试剂盒中将颗粒重新在100微升缓冲R中。加入4.5微克可转置载体血浆DNA和0.5微克的小猪贝克转置血浆DNA用于转染。根据制造商的说明与电池电穿孔系统进行转染，并注明参数。然后，在人类 iPSC 培养基中播种细胞，在 6 毫米基质涂层盘中辅以 10 微摩尔 ROCK 抑制剂 Y-27632。转染两天后，每毫升的沙菲丁加入5微克，使细胞在抗生素中至少保持7至10天，以对抗尚未整合转基因细胞的细胞。在孵育结束时，保持稳定转染细胞作为混合种群，由具有不同数量的转基因细胞和不同整合位点或分离单个克隆的细胞组成。准备一个额外的菜，允许转基因有效表达每毫升多氧环素诱导一微克，由RT-PCR评估与转基因特异性引因神经原因-2，如前面所述。在现阶段，新款NI和NIP iPSC生产线的库存也应当冻结在人类 iPSC 的冷冻介质中。对于运动神经元分化，将稳定转染的细胞培养物与分离试剂分离，以允许细胞在含有5卷DMEM/F12培养的15毫升管中采集。离心后，在人类 iPSC 介质中重新补充细胞，并辅以微摩尔 ROCK 抑制剂进行计数。在基质涂层的盘料上以每厘米平方密度的6.25倍10的细胞播种细胞。在未来两天，用新鲜分化介质代替超食剂，并辅以多氧环素。第二天，将介质更改为神经基础B27介质，辅以伽马分泌酶抑制剂、血管内皮生长因子受体抑制剂和多氧碱。在第五天，分离细胞，如所证明的，并重新暂停分离的细胞在4毫升DMEM/F12介质计数。移液对于细胞的完全分离非常重要。根据制造商的指示，在细胞冷冻介质中冻结运动神经元祖体，通过离心收集其余细胞。在神经元介质中重新吸收颗粒，辅以10微摩尔 ROCK抑制剂。聚乙烯层压微滑基上支持多晶硅的细胞，聚合物覆盖滑在10至第五厘米平方密度的5个细胞之间。第六天，小心地用新鲜的神经元介质代替培养，直到下游分析，不分离细胞从支撑表面。在没有泛神经元标记神经元特异性三类β-tubulinTUJ1的积极性的情况下，可以在第零天区分细胞培养物时观察到多能标记八位结合转录因子四或OTC4的统一表达。在第三天，OCT4阳性细胞的数量明显减少。这由 TUJ1 在区分 iPSC 的子集中的表达式镜像。在第五天，在种群中未观察到 OCT4 的表达，这显示了 TUJ1 和后天神经元形态的一致表达。运动神经元祖细胞重放7天后的免疫着色分析揭示了TUJ1和成熟运动神经元标记胆碱乙酰转移酶的均匀表达。iPSC NIL衍生神经元成功显示电压依赖性钠电流和电压依赖性钾电流。80% 的 iPSC NIL 衍生电机神经元在电流夹紧模式中夹紧，当注入电流脉冲加 60 皮安或更多时，能够触发尖峰训练。在超过50%的记录的细胞中引起重复发射所需的最小电流是加40皮安，峰值阈值约为负38毫伏，平均发射频率为40皮安，约8赫兹，这表明iPSC NIL衍生的脊髓运动神经元表现出成熟的神经元的典型功能特性。脊髓和颅体运动神经元可以从携带病理突变的受控 iPSC 或 iPSC 中衍生，这些细胞可用作论文模型或药物筛选。我们的方法可以用来帮助理解为什么不同的运动神经元单元受到ALS的差分影响。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Efficient Derivation of Human Neuronal Progenitors and Neurons from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

人类神经祖细胞和神经元小分子诱导人类胚胎干细胞的多能干高效的推导

There is a large unfulfilled need for a clinically-suitable human neuronal cell source for repair or regeneration of the damaged central nervous system ...

科研

神经科学

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

从人类多能干细胞的规范在前脑谷氨酸能神经元

Here, a stepwise procedure for efficiently generating telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been described. The ...

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons

谱系重编程的成人大脑的周细胞源性细胞诱导成神经细胞

Direct lineage-reprogramming of non-neuronal cells into induced neurons (iNs) may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis ...

Directed Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

从人多能干细胞定向多巴胺能神经元分化

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta  (also known as A9 DA neurons) are the specific cell type that is lost in ...

Functional and Morphological Assessment of Diaphragm Innervation by Phrenic Motor Neurons

隔膜的神经支配膈运动神经元的功能和形态评估

This protocol specifically focuses on tools for assessing phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) innervation of the diaphragm at both the electrophysiological and ...

Simple Generation of a High Yield Culture of Induced Neurons from Human Adult Skin Fibroblasts

人类成人皮肤成纤维细胞诱导神经元高产培养的简单生成

Induced neurons (iNs), the product of somatic cells directly converted to neurons, are a way to obtain patient-derived neurons from tissue that is easily ...

Method for High Speed Stretch Injury of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Neurons in a 96-well Format

96井格式人诱导多潜能干细胞源神经元高速拉伸损伤的方法

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of pre-clinical research, no proven ...

Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan

通过Sialoglycan的代谢标记识别主要神经干细胞和祖细胞的细胞表面标记

Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the cellular basis for the complex structures and functions of the brain. They are located in specialized ...

In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Resident Glial Cells into Interneurons by Intracerebral Injection of Viral Vectors

在Vivo直接重新编程居民胶质细胞到内神经通过病毒载体的脑内注射

Converting resident glia in the brain into functional and subtype-specific neurons in vivo provides a step forward towards the development of alternative ...

3D Kinematic Analysis for the Functional Evaluation in the Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

坐骨神经粉碎损伤大鼠模型中功能评估的3D运动学分析

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of ...