Name: mimicking a space mission to mars using hindlimb unloading and partial weight bearing in rats
Uploaded: 2019-04-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mimicking a Space Mission to Mars Using Hindlimb Unloading and Partial Weight Bearing in Rats at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了美国国家航空和航天局 (NASA:NNX16AL36G) 的支持。作者要感谢卡森·塞姆普尔提供了这份手稿中包含的图纸。

这里描述的所有方法都是由贝丝以色列执事医疗中心动物护理和使用机构委员会 (IACUC) 根据第067-2016 号协议批准的。
注: 使用在基线 (第0天) 年龄为14周的雄性 Wistar 大鼠。老鼠被单独安置在定制笼子提前24小时基线, 以适应。
1. 后肢卸料
注: 骨盆线束可以放在麻醉或清醒的动物身上。在这里, 该协议的描述是麻醉动物。佩戴适当的个人?...

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S., Blaser, C. A., Fitts, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Force-velocity+and+power+characteristics+of+rat+soleus+muscle+fibers+after+hindlimb+suspension.">Force-velocity and power characteristics of rat soleus muscle fibers after hindlimb suspension.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 77 (4), 1609-1616 (1994).</li><li>Chowdhury, P., Long, A., Harris, G., Soulsby, M. E., Dobretsov, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+model+of+simulated+microgravity:+a+comparative+study+of+hindlimb+unloading+via+tail+versus+pelvic+suspension.">Animal model of simulated microgravity: a comparative study of hindlimb unloading via tail versus pelvic suspension.</a> Physiological Reports. 1 (1), e00012 (2013).</li><li>Morey, E. R., Sabelman, E. E., Turner, R. T., Baylink, D. 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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+Weight+Bearing+Does+Not+Prevent+Musculoskeletal+Losses+Associated+with+Disuse.">Partial Weight Bearing Does Not Prevent Musculoskeletal Losses Associated with Disuse.</a> Medicine &#38; Science in Sports &#38; Exercise. 45 (11), 2052-2060 (2013).</li><li>Morey-Holton, E. R., Globus, R. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hindlimb+unloading+rodent+model:+technical+aspects.">Hindlimb unloading rodent model: technical aspects.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (4), 1367-1377 (2002).</li><li>Andreev-Andrievskiy, A. A., Popova, A. S., Lagereva, E. A., Vinogradova, O. 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该模型介绍了第一个地面模拟开发, 以调查连续的机械卸载水平, 并旨在模仿火星之旅和留在火星上。
该议定书的许多步骤对于确保其成功至关重要, 需要仔细审查。首先, 监测动物的健康状况, 确保它们保持正常的行为 (即执行饮食、休息和探索等任务), 特别是在 PWB 状态下, 它们保持相对正常生理姿势。其次, 尽管 pwb 的水平随着时间的推移非常稳定, 并且需要最少的人工干预<...

包括月球和火星在内的外星目标代表了人类太空探索的未来, 但两者的引力都大大弱于地球。虽然在宇航员1、2、3、4、5和啮齿类动物6中广泛研究了失重对肌肉骨骼系统的影响,7.,8,9、后者得益于成熟的后肢卸荷 (hlu) 模型10, 对部分重力的影响了解甚少。火星重力占地球的 38%, 这个星球已经成为长期探索的焦点11;因此, 了解在这种情况下可能发生的肌肉变化是至关重要的。为此, 我们在大鼠12号的部分负重 (pwb) 系统的基础上, 根据以前在小鼠613只身上所做的工作, 利用肌肉和骨骼结果对其进行了验证。然而, 在探索火星之前, 将有一段长时间的微重力, 而我们先前描述的模型 12没有涉及这一问题。因此, 在这项研究中, 我们改变了我们的模型, 以模仿火星之旅, 包括一个完整的后肢卸载的第一阶段, 然后立即在正常负荷的40% 的部分重量承担的第二阶段。
与大多数 HLU 型号不同的是, 我们选择使用骨盆线束 (基于 Chowdhury 等人描述的那个), 而不是尾巴悬架, 以提高动物的舒适性, 并能够在几分钟内无缝、毫不费力地从 hlu 移动到 PWB。同时, 我们使用了我们之前开发和广泛描述的笼子和悬挂装置.除了提供可靠的一致数据外, 我们之前还证明, 吊杆中心悬架系统的固定连接点并不妨碍动物移动、梳理、喂养或饮酒。在这篇文章中, 我们将描述如何卸载动物的后肢 (全部和部分), 验证他们达到的重力水平, 以及如何在功能上评估由此产生的肌肉变化使用抓地力和湿肌肉质量。这种模型对于研究人员来说是非常有用的, 他们试图调查部分重力 (人造或外生) 对已经受损的肌肉骨骼系统的后果, 从而使他们能够研究生物体如何适应部分重新装载, 并制定可在载人航天飞行期间和之后维持健康的对策。

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mimicking a space mission to mars using hindlimb unloading and partial weight bearing in rats

啮齿类动物地面模型被广泛用于了解空间飞行对生理系统的生理影响, 并自1979年以来一直在照常使用, 并发展了后肢卸荷 (HLU)。然而, 太空探索的下一步现在包括前往重力为地球引力38% 的火星。由于没有人经历过这种局部重力水平, 因此有必要建立一个可持续的地面模型, 以调查已经因在微重力下度过的时间而受损的身体将如何对这种部分负荷做出反应。在这里, 我们使用我们的创新的部分负重 (PWB) 模型来模拟一个短暂的任务, 并留在火星上, 以评估生理损伤的后肢肌肉引起的生理损伤由两个不同的水平的降低重力应用顺序的方式。这可以为研究肌肉骨骼对重力变化的适应性和建立有效的对策以保护航天员的健康和功能提供一个安全的地面模型。

利用我们之前设计和详细描述的新保持架 12, 我们使用了不锈钢链基悬挂装置, 既适用于后肢卸除 (hlu,图 1) 和部分负重 (pwb, 图 2)。我们设计的关键优势是能够在几分钟内从一种卸载到另一种卸载, 同时为动物保持相同的环境。我们使用了一个定制的骨盆线束 (图 2a), 它连接到一个定制的不...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mimicking a Space Mission to Mars Using Hindlimb Unloading and Partial Weight Bearing in Rats at JoVE.com

Mimicking a Space Mission to Mars Using Hindlimb Unloading and Partial Weight Bearing in Rats

通过使用创新的地面模拟模型, 我们能够模拟一个空间飞行任务, 包括一次前往 (0 克) 和在大鼠身上停留 (0.38 克)。该模型允许对任务的两个低重力阶段发生的生理变化进行纵向评估。

利用大鼠的后肢卸荷和部分重量轴承模拟火星空间飞行任务

Rodent ground-based models are widely used to understand the physiological consequences of space flight on the physiological system and have been ...

我们的协议提供了显著的优势，创造了将动物暴露在连续卸载水平的可能性。过去，地面模型分别使用后压式卸载或部分承重。这项技术的主要优点是使用单一的仪器和环境提供许多可能性，如模拟火星之旅和短期停留。该模型将有助于了解登陆火星时的生理状态，以及宇航员在任务期间暴露在几个卸载级别的生理挑战。这个模型可以帮助研究人员探索广泛的生理变化，包括但不限于行为、记忆、表现或压力。演示这个程序的将是丹妮拉·里弗罗斯，我们实验室的研究员。要执行后片卸载，请将完全麻醉的老鼠放在长凳上，麻醉气体来自鼻锥，每分钟有 2%的异氟和 1.5 升的氧气流量。将大鼠置于易发位置，并戴上骨盆线束进行玫瑰花运动。轻轻弯曲骨盆线束，以提供舒适的配合，同时小心不要挤压后肢，以防止擦伤和不适。将带旋转扣的不锈钢链连接到骨盆线束的顶部，其中钩在尾部底部连接。将大鼠从麻醉中去除，将动物放在一个自定义的笼子里，将链条延长至最大。一旦大鼠完全清醒和移动，使用顶部旋转扣缩短链条，直到后肢不能再到达地板。通过添加由不锈钢链和背杆组成的三角形部分，将后压式卸载悬架装置转换为部分承重悬架装置。将适当尺寸的系绳夹克放在大鼠的四肢上，并使用背部胸罩延长器将其关闭。将挂钩的三角形部分的一个扣子连接到后胸罩延长器上，在位于尾部底部骨盆线束上的挂钩上连接相反的扣。将大鼠放在秤的顶部，记录加载的体重，包括整个仪器的重量，而不会缩短链条。缩短链条，直到刻度显示 40% 的加载体重，并记录达到的重力水平。用杆，从秤上取下整个装置，把老鼠放回笼子里。要评估后肢抓地力，请用一只手放在前四肢下方，用传统的约束来握住大鼠。用第二只手轻轻握住尾巴。用后爪接近抓握杆，并确保两个爪子都完全放在抓爪上。最后，轻轻地将大鼠拉回，直到它松开抓地力。重复三次并记录传感器上显示的最大力。计算三种测量值的平均值，以考虑疲劳。一周的HLU，接着是一周的PWB40，导致体重显著下降，与只暴露在PWB40的老鼠中观察到的相同持续时间相似。然而，这些大鼠在随后接触PWB40时继续减肥。与年龄匹配的控制相比，一周的总卸载导致后力抓地力降低。然而，在PWB40的后续一周后，没有观察到抓地力的进一步变化。此外，与PWB40组相比，经过总卸载后，然后是部分承重的老鼠的抓地力损失要大得多。HLU-PWB40组中的PWB40与年龄匹配的对等控制体相比，鞋底、胃肠和头骨的湿质明显降低。然而，PWB40和HLU-PWB40组湿质量之间没有显著差异。此方法的成功取决于部分承重水平的准确性。频繁的监控对于评估动物的健康和每天卸货至关重要。此方法是非侵入性的，因此不会阻止使用有关所有系统的其他测试过程。如果装载时间保持控制，纵向措施也很容易实施。这种方法完全在实验室中开发，使用定制设备对于新团队来说可能具有挑战性。这项技术为部分承重作用的广泛研究开辟了方向。这可能包括临床情况，如使用辅助设备，如拐杖，拐杖或石膏，以及水疗法。

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A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

一个过程来观察大鼠巴甫洛夫空调酒精寻求行为的背景下引发的重建

Environmental contexts in which drugs of abuse are consumed can trigger craving, a subjective Pavlovian-conditioned response that can facilitate ...

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

修改后的孔板 - 测量行为，认知和社会互动小鼠和大鼠

This protocol describes the modified hole board (mHB), which combines features from a traditional hole board and open field and is designed to measure ...

Electrophysiological Motor Unit Number Estimation (MUNE) Measuring Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) in Mouse Hindlimb Muscles

Electrophysiological Motor Unit Number Estimation MUNE Measuring Compound Muscle Action Potential CMAP in Mouse Hindlimb Muscles

电电机组数估计（MUNE）在小鼠后肢肌肉测量复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）

Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit number estimation (MUNE) are electrophysiological techniques that can be used to monitor the ...

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

用基于气味的延迟配对试验对大鼠元认知应答的测试

Metamemory involves the cognitive ability to assess the strength of one&#39;s memories. To explore the possibility of metamemory in non-human animals, ...

An Automated Method to Determine the Performance of Drosophila in Response to Temperature Changes in Space and Time

An Automated Method to Determine the Performance of Drosophila in Response to Temperature Changes in Space and Time

一种自动测定果蝇在空间和时间温度变化中的性能的方法

Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental factor that affects how species distribute and behave. Different species of Drosophila fruit flies have specific ...

Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages

用小鼠训练和社会观察教老鼠主动改变笼子

Cage cleaning is a routinely performed husbandry procedure and is known to induce stress in laboratory rats. As stress can have a negative impact on ...

A Laboratory Method to Measure Contagious Yawning in Rats

测量大鼠传染性偏航的实验室方法

Communication is an essential aspect of animal social life. Animals may influence one another and come together in schools, flocks, and herds. ...

Tracking Rats in Operant Conditioning Chambers Using a Versatile Homemade Video Camera and DeepLabCut

使用多功能自制摄像机和 DeepLabCut 跟踪操作调节室中的大鼠

Operant conditioning chambers are used to perform a wide range of behavioral tests in the field of neuroscience. The recorded data is typically based on ...