Name: a practical guide for the production and pet/ct imaging of 68ga-dotatate for neuroendocrine tumors in daily clinical practice
Uploaded: 2019-04-17T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Practical Guide for the Production and PET/CT Imaging of 68Ga-DOTATATE for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Daily Clinical Practice at JoVE.com

作者感谢所有参与了在荷兰癌症研究所核医学系进行的 68种 ga-dotate petct 成像的工作人员。

1. 一般辐射和放射性药物安全
<ol><li>确保放射性材料仅由受过训练的人员使用和处理。医院工作人员、病人和在场的其他人的剂量应始终保持在合理可实现的水平 (ALARA)。</li>
	<li>关于放射性药物的制备, 请遵守国家法律、法规和准则, 如良好制造规范 (GMP)。 注意: 以下协议仅适用于成人的68GA-DOTATE petct 成像, 不适合儿童或孕妇。</li>
</ol>2. 标记 68 Ga-dotate 之前所?...

<ol>
	<li>Oronsky, B., Ma, P. C., Morgensztern, D., Carter, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nothing+but+NET:+A+Review+of+Neuroendocrine+Tumors+and+Carcinomas.">Nothing but NET: A Review of Neuroendocrine Tumors and Carcinomas.</a> Neoplasia. 19 (12), 991-1002 (2017).</li><li>Dasari, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trends+in+the+Incidence,+Prevalence,+and+Survival+Outcomes+in+Patients+With+Neuroendocrine+Tumors+in+the+United+States.">Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors in the United States.</a> JAMA Oncology. 3 (10), 1335-1342 (2017).</li><li>Krenning, E. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localistion+of+endocrine-related+tumours+with+radioiodinated+analogue+of+somatostatin.">Localistion of endocrine-related tumours with radioiodinated analogue of somatostatin.</a> The Lancet. 333 (8632), 242-244 (1989).</li><li>Krenning, E. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Somatostatin+receptor+scintigraphy+with+[111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-+and+[123I-Tyr3]-octreotide:+the+Rotterdam+experience+with+more+than+1000+patients.">Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]- and [123I-Tyr3]-octreotide: the Rotterdam experience with more than 1000 patients.</a> European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 20 (8), 716-731 (1993).</li><li>Balon, H. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Procedure+guideline+for+somatostatin+receptor+scintigraphy+with+(111)In-pentetreotide.">Procedure guideline for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with (111)In-pentetreotide.</a> Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 42 (7), 1134-1138 (2001).</li><li>Kayani, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+Imaging+of+Neuroendocrine+Tumors+With+Combined+PET/CT+Using+68Ga-DOTATATE+(Dota-DPhe1,Tyr3-octreotate)+and+18F-FDG.">Functional Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors With Combined PET/CT Using 68Ga-DOTATATE (Dota-DPhe1,Tyr3-octreotate) and 18F-FDG.</a> Cancer. 112 (11), 2447-2455 (2008).</li><li>Hofman, M. S., Kong, G., Neels, O. C., Hong, E., Hicks, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+management+impact+of+Ga-68+DOTATATE+(GaTate)+PET/CT+for+imaging+neuroendocrine+and+other+somatostatin+expressing+tumours.">High management impact of Ga-68 DOTATATE (GaTate) PET/CT for imaging neuroendocrine and other somatostatin expressing tumours.</a> Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. 56 (1), 40-47 (2012).</li><li>Srirajaskanthan, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+68Ga-DOTATATE+PET+in+patients+with+neuroendocrine+tumors+and+negative+or+equivocal+findings+on+111In-DTPA-octreotide+scintigraphy.">The role of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and negative or equivocal findings on 111In-DTPA-octreotide scintigraphy.</a> Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 51 (6), 875-882 (2010).</li><li>Deppen, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=68Ga-DOTATATE+Compared+with+111In-DTPA-Octreotide+and+Conventional+Imaging+for+Pulmonary+and+Gastroenteropancreatic+Neuroendocrine+Tumors:+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis.">68Ga-DOTATATE Compared with 111In-DTPA-Octreotide and Conventional Imaging for Pulmonary and Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a> Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 57 (6), 872-878 (2016).</li><li>Yang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diagnostic+role+of+Gallium-68+DOTATOC+and+Gallium-68+DOTATATE+PET+in+patients+with+neuroendocrine+tumors:+a+meta-analysis.">Diagnostic role of Gallium-68 DOTATOC and Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET in patients with neuroendocrine tumors: a meta-analysis.</a> Acta Radiologica. 55 (4), 389-398 (2014).</li><li>Barrio, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Impact+of+Somatostatin+Receptor-Directed+PET/CT+on+the+Management+of+Patients+with+Neuroendocrine+Tumor:+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis.">The Impact of Somatostatin Receptor-Directed PET/CT on the Management of Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a> Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 58 (5), 756-761 (2017).</li><li>Strosberg, J. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+North+American+Neuroendocrine+Tumor+Society+Consensus+Guidelines+for+Surveillance+and+Medical+Management+of+Midgut+Neuroendocrine+Tumors.">The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Consensus Guidelines for Surveillance and Medical Management of Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors.</a> Pancreas. 46 (6), 707-714 (2017).</li><li>Virgolini, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Procedure+guidelines+for+PET/CT+tumour+imaging+with+68Ga-DOTA-conjugated+peptides:+68Ga-DOTA-TOC,+68Ga-DOTA-NOC,+68Ga-DOTA-TATE.">Procedure guidelines for PET/CT tumour imaging with 68Ga-DOTA-conjugated peptides: 68Ga-DOTA-TOC, 68Ga-DOTA-NOC, 68Ga-DOTA-TATE.</a> European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 67 (10), 2004-2010 (2010).</li><li>European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines &#38; Healthcare (EDQM). <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monograph+01/2013:2482+Gallium+(68Ga)+edotreotide+injection.">Monograph 01/2013:2482 Gallium (68Ga) edotreotide injection.</a> European Pharmacopoeia 9th Edition. , (2017).</li><li>Brogsitter, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Twins+in+spirit+part+II:+DOTATATE+and+high-affinity+DOTATATE+&#8211;+the+clinical+experience.">Twins in spirit part II: DOTATATE and high-affinity DOTATATE &#8211; the clinical experience.</a> European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 41 (6), 1158-1165 (2014).</li><li>Sandstr&#246;m, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+biodistribution+and+radiation+dosimetry+of+68Ga-DOTATOC+and+68Ga-DOTATATE+in+patients+with+neuroendocrine+tumors.">Comparative biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 68Ga-DOTATOC and 68Ga-DOTATATE in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.</a> Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 54 (10), 1755-1759 (2013).</li><li>Aalbersberg, E. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+lanreotide+on+uptake+of+68Ga-DOTATATE+in+patients+with+neuroendocrine+tumours:+a+prospective+intra-patient+evaluation.">Influence of lanreotide on uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE in patients with neuroendocrine tumours: a prospective intra-patient evaluation.</a> European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. , (2018).</li></ol>

该协议描述了68ga-dotate 的生产和随后的 pet/ct 成像。为了有效地使用每批生产的 68ga-dotarte, 需要一个具有严格时间的最佳工作流程。由于68ga 的半衰期为 68分钟, 相对较小的时间延迟15分钟会导致15% 的放射性损失。这就需要生产设施、为患者提供剂量的人员和 PET/CT 技术人员之间进行积极的沟通。另外, 应指示患者, 满足预约时间至关重要。此外, 每批患者剂量取决于68</su...

NETs 是由神经内分泌细胞引起的异质性肿瘤群。它们几乎可以发生在体内的任何部位, 但在胃肠道、胰腺和肺1 中最为常见。虽然英语教师是一种罕见的疾病, 但它们在美国的发病率从1973年的每10万人1.09 例上升到2012年的每10万人6.98 例.为了准确诊断和分期一个 NET, 68Ga-DOTATATE petct 是护理的标准。该协议描述了68ga-dotate 的生产和质量控制, 以及患者的准备和 pet任何 ct 图像的获取。
分化良好的英语, 生长抑素受体1的过度表达的特点。与这种受体结合的生长抑素类似物可以用放射性同位素标记, 以便进行核医学成像。最初, 碘-123 用于伽玛相机成像, 很快被印度 111 (111in)3,4所取代。111奥曲肽内显像是核医学 NET 成像十多年来的黄金标准.同时, PET 的灵敏度和分辨率均优于伽玛相机成像, 取得了较好的技术进步。对于英语, 生长抑素类似物与正电子发射器68ga 结合, 如68Ga-DOTATATE, 被开发了 6。
68加生长抑素受体 (68ga-srs) PET/CT 是目前在分化良好的 nets 核医学成像中的选择方式。68ga-srs pet/ctc 在111奥曲肽中的优越性已在几项研究 7、8中得到证明。报告的敏感性和特异性分别为 90%-95% 和 85%-100% 左右,分别为 9,10。一项 meta 分析显示, 在44% 的病例中, 68 Ga-srs pet/ct 导致管理发生变化, 即使之前有111个表位内线显像11。在指南中, 68GA-SRS pet/ct 现在被推荐超过111个奥曲肽内显像作为 net 成像, 它也得到了食品药品监督管理局和欧洲药品管理局12的批准。肿瘤成像的指南与68ga 共轭肽也是可用的13。
该协议详细介绍了68Ga-dotate 的放射标记 (符合欧洲药典14的质量控制要求)、患者准备工作以及随后的 pet/ct 成像。考虑到了由于 68-ga的半衰期较短而导致的辐射安全和时间限制。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:713px;" width="713">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Acetonitrile</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Biosolve</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">012007</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">&#62; 99.9 %</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ammonium acetate</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">101116</td>
			<td>&#8805; 98 %</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Aqua / Water for injections</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Braun</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Automated labeling system</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Scintomics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>GRP 3V</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">C-18 cartridge</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">WAT023501</td>
			<td>Sep-Pak C18 Plus Light</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dose calibrator</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Veenstra Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>VIK-202-5051</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">324503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32221-M</td>
			<td>&#8805; 99.8 %</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ga-68 labeling kit</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">ABX</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SC-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ge-68/Ga-68 generator</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Eckert &#38; Ziegler</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>1850 MBq</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HA-DOTATATE</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Scintomics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GRPC/R-000095</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HCl 0.1M for elution</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">ABX</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HCl-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3375</td>
			<td>&#8805; 99.5 %</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Iodine</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">207772</td>
			<td>&#8805; 99.8 %, solid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ITLC-SG F254 plates</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">105735</td>
			<td>TLC Silica gel 60 F254</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ITLC-SG paper</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SGI0001</td>
			<td>Glass fiber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32213-M</td>
			<td>&#8805; 99.8 %, Ph. Eur.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Non-vented filter</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Merck</td>
			<td>SLMPL25SS</td>
			<td>Millex-MP filter 0.22 &#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PET/CT</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Gemini TOF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pH indicator strips</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">109584</td>
			<td>MColorpHast (pH2.0-9.0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tryptic soy broth medium</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Biotrading</td>
			<td>K111F010QK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Vented filter</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLGV0250S&#160;</td>
			<td>Cathivex GV 0.22 &#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Well counter</td>
			<td style="width:156px;">Canberra (now Mirion)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Osprey Digital Tube Base MCA 
			Detector 76 BP76/3M-X</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a practical guide for the production and pet/ct imaging of 68ga-dotatate for neuroendocrine tumors in daily clinical practice

神经内分泌肿瘤是一种罕见的癌症, 产生于神经内分泌细胞, 几乎可以存在于全身的任何部位。虽然异质性的表现, 这些肿瘤的一个共同点是生长抑素受体的过度表达。68Ga-dotate 是一种带有正电子发射极镓 (68ga) 标记的生长抑素类似物。对于分化良好的神经内分泌肿瘤, 68Ga-dotate 正电子发射断层扫描 (pet)/计算机断层扫描 (ct) 成像用于诊断、疾病负担的确定和治疗选择。
该协议详细介绍了68Ga-dotate 的放射标记、质量控制、患者准备和随后的 PET/ct 成像。668ga-dotate 的无线电标记是通过一个完全自动化的标签模块与 germani-68 (68ge)/68ga 发生器耦合进行的。最终产品的质量控制通过即时薄层色谱和固相色谱法评估放射化学纯度, 以及患者注射前的 pH 值。定期进行质量控制, 以确定68ge 突破, 无菌, 和 (4-(2-羟乙基)-1 哌嗪磺酸 (hepes) 的含量。患者的准备工作包括患者指导书、治疗期间68型 ga-dotate 的治疗方案, 以及静脉注射放射性药物。对于 pet任何 ct 成像, 描述了采集和重建设置。对于每一步, 辐射安全都会突出, 由于半衰期较短, 为68 ga, 因此时间限制也会突出显示。
68 Ga-dotate 的全自动内部生产和质量控制可实现非常高的成功率 (95%)并产生2至4个病人剂量每批, 根据发电机的产量。总之, 68GA-DOTATE pet任何 ct 成像是一种无创、快速的方法, 它在提供神经内分泌肿瘤 (nett) 肿瘤负担信息的同时, 也有助于诊断和治疗的选择。

2014年12月至2018年10月期间, 利用自动标签系统生产了357件68批 ga-dotarte 产品。在生产的357批产品中, 17 批失败, 340 批被释放, 总体成功率为 95.2%。在失败的批次中, 有11批是技术故障造成的, 而在6批中, 生产的 68批 ga-dotate 不符合规格。图 1显示了生产批次的流程图和生产的患者剂量。生产的 610 Ga-dotate 平均产量为 610±180 mbq (表示?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Practical Guide for the Production and PET/CT Imaging of 68Ga-DOTATATE for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Daily Clinical Practice at JoVE.com

A Practical Guide for the Production and PET/CT Imaging of 68Ga-DOTATATE for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Daily Clinical Practice

分化良好的神经内分泌肿瘤过度表达生长抑素受体, 可用于诊断成像与放射性标记生长抑素类似物 68 Ga-DOTATATE。该协议详细介绍了68Ga-dotate 的放射标记、质量控制、患者准备和随后的 PET/ct 成像。考虑到了由于 68-ga的半衰期较短而导致的辐射安全和时间限制。

68型 Ga-DOTATATE 神经内分泌肿瘤的日常临床应用指南

Neuroendocrine tumors are a rare form of cancer that arise from neuroendocrine cells and can be present at almost any location throughout the body. ...

该协议描述了多塔特氦的合成和质量控制，以及随后获得多塔特（DOTATATE）的钙扫描。这种技术的主要优点是，它在适合使用短半寿命同位素的范围内提供高质量的多塔特铀。演示程序将是其他冯贝勒和海洋德克尔，核医学技术专家在我们部门。在患者给方法使用前至少两小时，根据制造商的规格将氦-68标签套件放在标签模块上，并放置材料正确位置。将 68 氦-68 标签套件中提供的解决方案连接到歧管上。将无菌小瓶与非通风滤芯连接到标签模块的输出上。将小瓶放在铅屏蔽中，足以用于正电子发射器。将68氦发生器的输出连接到标注模块的输入中。将 50 微克肽模拟溶解成套件中提供的 1.5 毫升 1.5 摩尔 HEPES 缓冲液中的 1.5 毫升，然后将肽转移到反应小瓶中。关闭标签模块周围的铅屏蔽，然后通过连接到标签模块的平板电脑开始生产氦-68 DOTATATE。合成完成后，用过滤器从玻璃瓶中取出针头，并关闭小瓶周围的铅屏蔽。将小瓶放在剂量校准器中，以测量氦-68 DOTATATE的活性，并注意活性参考时间。然后在无菌环境中，从小瓶中去除0.5毫升标记肽进行质量控制，并为患者给给准备注射器。为了在给给前确认合成肽的质量，目视检查最终的胆汁-68 DOTATATE产品，以确保它是无色液体，没有任何颗粒。使用 pH 指示器条测量溶液的 pH 值。pH 应介于 6.5 和 7.5 之间。接下来，测量高能-68胶体添加20微升的标记肽到500微升的水。与小瓶的小心摇动使稀释均匀。接下来添加5微升稀释约1.5厘米，从底部的7厘米长，一厘米宽的即时薄层色谱硅胶玻璃纤维纸的底部。将纸张放入含有两毫升50-50甲醇的管子中，放入一个醋酸铵溶液中，注意肽不会与溶液接触。关闭管子以防止蒸发，并等待几分钟，直到溶剂已经移动至少五厘米以上，在那里肽应用。接下来，将纸张切成两半，将底部和上半部分放在单独的管中。然后将管子放在井计数器中，确定 400 到 600 电子伏特能量窗口中每个小瓶中的计数数 30 秒，以确定胶体百分比。确定68-加仑离子稀释20微升的20微升的铀-68 DOTATATE在一毫升的5毫摩尔EDTA。然后在一毫升无菌水中稀释肽EDTA溶液的10微升，将溶液放在井计数器中，以确定400至600电子伏特能量窗口中的计数数30秒。用一毫升100%乙醇慢慢冲洗C-18墨盒，然后用一毫升无菌水冲洗。通过 C-18 墨盒将稀释的样品冲洗到收集管中。用一毫升水冲洗样品管，然后通过柱冲洗入收集管。将收集管、空样品管和注射器放在井计数器中，并确定 400 至 600 电子伏特能量窗口中每种材料中的计数数 30 秒，以估计离子百分比。然后，可以通过根据公式计算68 DOTATATE的总量来确定放射性药物纯度。如果放射性药物纯度至少为 91%，请在入住后获得患者的短病史，询问上次生长素模拟施用的日期。这不是对68多塔特成像的禁忌症，但应注意。当患者准备就绪时，在手臂上放置静脉注射管，用盐水冲洗导管，以验证导管的位置。在PET/CT成像前45分钟，将100兆贝耳的氦-68注入到管中。将手臂放在PET/CT扫描仪上，并指示患者在整个检查过程中保持静止。当患者就位时，获取测量图像，并选择从垂体到大腿中间的扫描区域。执行低剂量CT扫描，具有40毫安、140电子伏特和5毫摩尔片，用于衰减校正和解剖相关。然后从患者头部开始，每个床的位置 150 秒执行 PET 扫描。这里显示了一个代表性的氦-68多塔特PET/CT扫描，没有疾病的证据。生理吸收可以在肝脏和脾脏中观察到。高丽-68 DOTATATE由肾脏排泄，因此在泌尿道中可见。在这里，显示来自胰腺中原发性肿瘤的患者的图像。由于标记肽的产生延迟，该患者被施用低剂量的氦-68 DOTATATE，导致患者体内活动较少，图像噪音增加。这可以在肝脏中看到，这是由红色箭头指示。在这里，可以观察到具有运动伪影的图像，红色箭头表示。68的半寿命短为68分钟，因此，时间在这个协议中至关重要。该协议利用正电子发射同位素-68，因此应采取充分的保护措施，使人员的辐射暴露尽可能低。

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

A Practical Guide for the Production and PET/CT Imaging of 68Ga-DOTATATE for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Daily Clinical Practice

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

新一代测序为可操作的突变在固体和液体瘤检测

As our understanding of the driver mutations necessary for initiation and progression of cancers improves, we gain critical information on how specific ...

科研

癌症研究

Practical Considerations in Studying Metastatic Lung Colonization in Osteosarcoma Using the Pulmonary Metastasis Assay

应用肺转移法研究骨肉瘤转移性肺定植的实用思考

The pulmonary metastasis assay (PuMA) is an ex vivo lung explant and closed cell culture system that permits researchers to study the biology of lung ...

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

利用18f-葡萄糖 PET/CT 成像和定量组织学测量肺癌小鼠模型葡萄糖代谢的动态变化

A hallmark of advanced tumors is a switch to aerobic glycolysis that is readily measured by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography ...

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

肿瘤免疫和非免疫微环境在小鼠皮下肿瘤中的富集与鉴定

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has recently been recognized as a critical mediator of treatment response in solid tumors, especially for ...

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

使用一套实用可行的方法,描述英国皇家空军家族激酶与疾病相关的突变体

The rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) family kinases play a central role in cell biology and their dysfunction leads to cancers and developmental ...

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors

从妇科和乳腺癌肿瘤获得癌症干细胞球

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a small population with self-renewal and plasticity which are responsible for tumorigenesis, resistance to treatment and ...

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

正交胰腺肿瘤的产生与肿瘤渗透T细胞细胞毒性的外体特征

In vivo models of pancreatic cancer provide invaluable tools for studying disease dynamics, immune infiltration and new therapeutic strategies. The ...

Non-Invasive PET/MR Imaging in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

肝细胞癌原位小鼠模型中的无创PET/MR成像

Preclinical experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate human disease represent an important tool to study tumorigenesis and ...

Simultaneous Imaging and Flow-Cytometry-based Detection of Multiple Fluorescent Senescence Markers in Therapy-Induced Senescent Cancer Cells

基于同步成像和流式细胞术检测治疗诱导的衰老癌细胞中的多种荧光衰老标志物

Chemotherapeutic drugs can induce irreparable DNA damage in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis or premature senescence. Unlike apoptotic cell death, ...

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

通过颈内动脉注射癌细胞模拟脑转移

Brain metastasis is a cause of severe morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Critical aspects of metastatic diseases, such as the complex neural ...