Name: radiation treatment of organotypic cultures from submandibular and parotid salivary glands models key in vivo characteristics
Uploaded: 2019-05-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了亚利桑那州大学研究和发现办公室和国立卫生研究院向 Kirsten Limesand 提供的试点资金的部分支持。癌症生物学培训补助金 T32CA009213 为文宇黄提供津贴支持。作者要感谢赖斯先生所作的宝贵技术贡献。

1. 振动体的制备
<ol><li>喷涂可拆卸部件的振动, 包括缓冲盘, 刀片附件, 琼脂糖块模具, 和实验室膜与70% 乙醇, 然后 uv 消毒至少30分钟。</li>
	<li>在缓冲盘上放置并固定一张额外的实验室薄膜, 以防止冰层掉进去。</li>
	<li>用碎冰填充冰室, 从缓冲盘中取出实验室膜, 然后用100毫升的冰凉1x 磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (PBS) 溶液填充缓冲盘, 辅以1% 青霉素-氨匹西林 (PSA)。</li>
	<li>将不锈钢剃须刀刀片放入刀片支架?...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rescue+of+Salivary+Gland+Function+after+Stem+Cell+Transplantation+in+Irradiated+Glands.">Rescue of Salivary Gland Function after Stem Cell Transplantation in Irradiated Glands.</a> PLoS ONE. 3 (4), (2008).</li><li>Warner, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+form+and+function+in+organotypic+slices+of+the+adult+mouse+parotid+gland.">Visualizing form and function in organotypic slices of the adult mouse parotid gland.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 295 (3), G629-G640 (2008).</li><li>Su, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+organotypic+culture+of+human+salivary+glands:+the+slice+culture+model.">Three-dimensional organotypic culture of human salivary glands: the slice culture model.</a> Oral Diseases. 22 (7), 639-648 (2016).</li><li>Mattei, G., Cristiani, I., Magliaro, C., Ahluwalia, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Profile+analysis+of+hepatic+porcine+and+murine+brain+tissue+slices+obtained+with+a+vibratome.">Profile analysis of hepatic porcine and murine brain tissue slices obtained with a vibratome.</a> PeerJ - The Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences. 3, 932 (2015).</li><li>Pawley, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy. , (2006).</li><li>Limesand, K. 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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=aPKCzeta-dependent+Repression+of+Yap+is+Necessary+for+Functional+Restoration+of+Irradiated+Salivary+Glands+with+IGF-1.">aPKCzeta-dependent Repression of Yap is Necessary for Functional Restoration of Irradiated Salivary Glands with IGF-1.</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 6347 (2018).</li><li>Wong, W. Y., Pier, M., Limesand, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Persistent+disruption+of+lateral+junctional+complexes+and+actin+cytoskeleton+in+parotid+salivary+glands+following+radiation+treatment.">Persistent disruption of lateral junctional complexes and actin cytoskeleton in parotid salivary glands following radiation treatment.</a> American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 315 (4), R656-R667 (2018).</li><li>Emmerson, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SOX2+regulates+acinar+cell+development+in+the+salivary+gland.">SOX2 regulates acinar cell development in the salivary gland.</a> eLife. 6, (2017).</li><li>Nedvetsky, P. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parasympathetic+innervation+regulates+tubulogenesis+in+the+developing+salivary+gland.">Parasympathetic innervation regulates tubulogenesis in the developing salivary gland.</a> Developmental Cell. 30 (4), 449-462 (2014).</li><li>Kwon, H. R., Nelson, D. A., DeSantis, K. A., Morrissey, J. M., Larsen, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+cell+regulation+of+salivary+gland+epithelial+patterning.">Endothelial cell regulation of salivary gland epithelial patterning.</a> Development. 144 (2), 211-220 (2017).</li><li>Mellas, R. E., Leigh, N. J., Nelson, J. W., McCall, A. D., Baker, O. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zonula+occludens-1,+occludin+and+E-cadherin+expression+and+organization+in+salivary+glands+with+Sjogren's+syndrome.">Zonula occludens-1, occludin and E-cadherin expression and organization in salivary glands with Sjogren's syndrome.</a> Jounral of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 63 (1), 45-56 (2015).</li><li>Daley, W. 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唾液腺体的研究已经利用了一些培养模型, 包括不朽的二维培养, 初级二维培养, 三维 salisphere 培养, 和三维器官培养从胚胎外植体, 以确定潜在的生物学和生理学的问题。这些文化模式在各种研究问题上产生了有见地的信息, 并将继续成为唾液研究的重要工具。这些培养模型的局限性包括在永生过程中对 p53 活性的调节、原代培养的短暂活力、培养过程中分化和分泌蛋白的丧失, 以及无法评估细胞、...

适当的唾液腺功能对口腔健康至关重要, 并在头颈部癌症治疗后使用放射治疗1 改变。2017年, 美国报告了近 50,000例头颈部癌症新病例。由于放射治疗对唾液腺等周围正常组织的破坏和往往不可逆转的影响, 患者往往会受到严重的副作用和生活质量的下降 2,3, 4. 我的工作是什么？辐射损伤引起的常见并发症表现为症状, 如口干 (口腔干燥的主观感觉)、蛀牙、咀嚼和吞咽能力受损、言语障碍和口腔微生物受损 2,3 个,4. 这些症状共同导致受影响个人营养不良和生存受损 5。虽然这一人群中的唾液腺功能障碍有据可查, 但对腺节细胞损伤的潜在机制存在争议, 不同动物模型6、7 之间几乎没有整合。
目前研究唾液腺功能和辐射引起的损伤的方法包括使用体内模型、永生细胞系、二维 (2-D) 原代细胞培养和三维 (三维) salisphere 培养物8, 9,10,11,12。传统上, 来自不朽细胞系和二维培养的细胞培养模型涉及在平坦表面培养的单层细胞, 对于快速、简单且经济高效的实验非常有价值。然而, 人工细胞培养条件会改变暴露在各种条件下的细胞的分化状态和生理反应, 其结果往往不能转化为整个生物体模型14,15.此外, 永生细胞培养物需要调节 p53 活性, 这对唾液腺对 dna 损伤的反应至关重要, 为 16,17。
三维 salisphere 培养在培养的早期时间为干细胞和祖细胞丰富, 对了解这一亚度腺体细胞的放射敏感性有很好的了解 9,18。所有这些培养模型的一个关键限制是, 它们在可视化唾液腺的三维结构方面是无效的, 包括细胞外基质 (ECM) 和细胞在不同层的相互作用, 而这些是调节唾液的关键分泌物15。需要一种方法, 包括整个组织的行为, 但也可以在实验室条件下操纵, 以研究治疗的效果, 是必要的, 以进一步发现辐射引起的唾液腺的潜在机制功能 障碍。
活组织切片和培养已被记录以前19,20 , 经常被用来研究脑组织相互作用21。在以前的研究中, 小鼠腮腺 (PAR) 唾液腺组织被分割在大约 50μm, 培养到 48小时, 此后对活力、细胞死亡和功能进行了分析, 19。Su 等人(2016) 通过在 14天20天内培养人类下颌骨腺体 (Smg) 以35μm 或50μm 的速度进行扩展.该方法的进展是, 它包括腮腺和下颌唾液腺被分割在50μm 和90μm 和评估的培养30天。切割一系列组织厚度的能力对于评估细胞和细胞-ecm 相互作用很重要, 而这些相互作用与细胞过程有关, 包括顶基底外侧极性和分泌的神经支配。此外, 在培养过程中对唾液腺切片进行了辐照, 以确定该培养模型研究辐射引起的唾液腺损伤的可行性。
这一唾液腺有机型培养协议的目的是评估培养活力的最长时间, 并描述体内放射治疗后的细胞变化特征。为了确定解剖后可行的最长时间段, 进行了色氨酸蓝染色、活细胞染色和细胞死亡的免疫组织化学染色。共聚焦显微镜和免疫荧光染色用于评估特异性细胞群、形态结构和增殖水平。组织切片培养物也暴露在电离辐射下, 以确定辐射对这一三维模型中各种标记的影响。将诱导细胞死亡、细胞骨架破坏、分化标记丧失和在辐照体外培养物中的代偿增殖与以往体内模型的研究进行了比较。该方法为研究辐射损伤后细胞间相互作用提供了一种手段, 并为有效评估治疗干预 (基因操纵或药理药物) 的有效性提供了实验模型), 可能不太适合体内模型。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Vibratome VT1000S</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Vibratome for sectioning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double Edge Stainless Steel Razor Blades</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP165-25</td>
			<td>Low-melt</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Parafilm</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6543</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin-Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>17-745H</td>
			<td>PSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24-well plate</td>
			<td>CellTreat</td>
			<td>229124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Loctite UltraGel Control Superglue</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Purchased at hardware store</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Natural Red Sable Round Paintbrush</td>
			<td>Princeton Art &#38; Brush Co</td>
			<td>7400R-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin Sulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ICN1676045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transferrin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T-8158-100mg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutatmine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trace Elements</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td>ICN1676549</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12585014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epidermal Growth Factor</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrocortisone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H0888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retinoic acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R2625-50MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>A3160602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12 Media</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>150-90-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millicell Cell Culture Insert</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>PICM01250</td>
			<td>12 mm, 0.4 um pore size for 24 well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.4% Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8154</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LIVE/DEAD Cell Imaging Kit (488/570)</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>R37601</td>
			<td>Only used LIVE dye component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Ki-67 Antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>9129S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-E-cadherin Antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>3195S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 Antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>9661L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-SMA Antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C6198</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-amylase Antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A8273</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD31 Antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab28364</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-TUBB3 Antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>5568S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 594 Antibody Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>A20185</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 594 Phalloidin</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>A12381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>21568-2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde Prills</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>5027632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>New England Nuclear Blocking Agent</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>2346249</td>
			<td>No longer sold</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>4083S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prolong Gold Antifade Mounting Media</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P36934</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica SPSII Spectral Confocal</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>For confocal imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica DMIL Inverted Phase Contrast Microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cobalt-60 Teletherapy Instrument</td>
			<td>Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd Theratron-80</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amac Box, Clear</td>
			<td>The Container Store</td>
			<td>60140</td>
			<td>Agarose block mold</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

radiation treatment of organotypic cultures from submandibular and parotid salivary glands models key in vivo characteristics

尿道下管和口口术会引起慢性口腔并发症, 降低接受放射治疗的头颈部癌症患者的生活质量。了解唾液腺功能障碍和修复机制的实验方法集中在体内模型上, 这些模型因无法系统筛选治疗候选体和转染效率而受到阻碍操纵特定基因的能力。这一唾液腺有机型培养协议的目的是评估培养活力的最长时间, 并描述体内放射治疗后的细胞变化特征。我们使用免疫荧光染色和共聚焦显微镜来确定在30天的培养期间, 特定的细胞群和标记物何时存在。此外, 以前在体内辐射模型中报告的细胞标记在体内辐照的培养物中进行评估。展望未来, 该方法是一个有吸引力的平台, 用于快速的体外评估小鼠和人唾液腺组织对治疗药物的反应, 改善唾液功能。

原代二维培养在胎儿牛血清 (FBS) 补充培养基中生长, 而原代三维 salisphere 培养通常在无血清条件下培养 10,11。此外, 前两项研究利用唾液腺的振动体培养物, 以0% 或10% 的 fbs 补充培养基 19,20。使用振动体将小鼠下颌切片切割成50μm 的厚度, 并使用一系列 FBS 浓度 (0%、2.5%、5.0% 和 10%) 确定...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics at JoVE.com

Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics

利用三维有机型培养物来可视化唾液腺的形态和功能标记, 可以为辐射后组织损伤的机制提供新的见解。这里描述的是一个协议的部分, 培养, 辐照, 染色, 和图像50-90 微米厚的唾液腺部分之前和之后的电离辐射照射。

下颌骨和腮腺表型模型对组织型培养的放射治疗是机体活力特征的关键

Hyposalivation and xerostomia create chronic oral complications that decrease the quality of life in head and neck cancer patients who are treated with ...

该协议允许评估组织内不同细胞类型之间的细胞相互作用，以及体内不太可行的体外分子和药理操作。这种技术的主要优点是，这些组织部分可以在培养中保持较长时间，从而可以在以后的点进行评估。这项技术将允许更快速地筛选治疗化合物，以纠正唾液腺损伤，并可能减少用于这些研究的小鼠数量。我们计划使用这种技术来了解唾液腺在中间时间点对放射治疗的反应，并在特定时间间隔打开和关闭基因。这个过程最困难的方面是组织切块和防止在培养和染色步骤中失去组织部分。在开始手术之前，用70%乙醇对可拆卸振动组组件进行消毒，然后进行紫外线灭菌至少30分钟。在缓冲盘上再固定一片实验室薄膜，以防止冰入冰，并在冰室中加满碎冰。从缓冲盘中取出实验室薄膜，用 100 毫升冰冷的 PBS 填充缓冲盘，并辅以 1% 青霉素链霉素（PSA） 或 PSA。然后将不锈钢剃须刀刀片放入刀片支架中，并使用螺丝刀促进刀片角度的调整。隔离唾液腺后，将收获的组织放入一个无菌的30毫米培养皿中，其中含有两毫升冰冷的PBS，并辅以1%PSA。使用自洗钳，将腺体转移到嵌入模具的底部，用液体3%的低熔点气糖覆盖组织。使用钳子，将组织调整到适当平面的方块中间，并在冰上放置红糖块 10 分钟。当气糖硬化时，小心地在模具的外边缘运行剃须刀刀片，让块滑出到紫外线消毒实验室薄膜上。使用剃须刀刀片切出含有唾液腺的红玫瑰盒，注意截面的平面是直的，平行于块的对面。使用超胶将块连接到切割表面，以 100 赫兹的频率以 0.075 毫米/秒的速度在振动器上获得 50 或 90 微米厚的截面。然后使用自 <3>发天然发刷将部分转移到24孔组织培养皿的单个孔中，每孔都含有一毫升冰冷的PBS。当所有部分都获得时，使用和自动处理微铲将各部分转移到单独的0.4微米浇注大小膜中，插入每个孔的24孔组织培养板中，每口含有300微升振动培养培养介质。然后将板放在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳培养箱中，湿度大，刷新每个井底的介质，并根据需要每隔一天向膜中加入40微升的介质，最多30天。要照射组织，请将部分转移到覆盖的发泡胶容器中的辐照器设施，以避免温度波动，并用单一五级剂量的辐射处理这些部分。然后将培养物返回到辐射安全组织培养箱。对于组织部分的抗体染色，在无菌 PBS 中至少洗涤两个 5 分钟，并在四摄氏度下将样品在 4%的甲醛中固定。第二天早上用PBS洗三次，辅以1%牛血清白蛋白和0.1%Triton X-100，或PBT，然后用PBS中的0.3%Triton X-100渗透组织30分钟。如同在阻断任何非特异性结合之前，用1%的正常山羊血清补充1%的正常山羊血清，在阻断任何非特异性结合之前，在PBT中清洗部分三次。然后在感兴趣的适当原抗体中孵育部分过夜。初级 2D 唾液腺部分培养物的明亮场显微镜图像显示，在所测试的所有血清补充剂浓度下，可存活组织存在长达 30 天的培养。Ki-67免疫着色评估了这些代表性培养切片的增殖能力，并在评估的所有时间点都观察到了该标记。在所有时间点也观察到低水平的裂开的卡斯帕斯-3阳性细胞，在第30天检测到少量增加。在30天的培养期中，在亚曼地膜和帕罗蒂腺切片中观察到E-卡德林染色。平滑肌肉行为素阳性细胞和细胞骨骼组织在整个培养期在类似的水平被检测。同样，也检测到淀粉酶和水孢素-5等功能蛋白，尽管在第14天染色似乎更精细。相比之下，CD31和图巴3在整个腺体的培养期没有一致地表达，这表明在30天培养期的不同时期中，组织成分的多样性。两个腺体的辐照切片模仿在体内观察到的类似增殖凋亡和细胞骨骼变化。将振动器中的 PBS 浴池移动到培养板以及染色过程中，小心，因为部分较小且细腻。在大多数细胞系培养方法中，可以处理节培养物，其附加好处是在与体内关系更密切的条件下。我们预计，这将是一个强大的技术，其他研究人员纳入他们的实验。振动器上的刀片很锋利，可能难以插入，因此在操作时要疲倦。也 trypan 蓝色染料是有毒和致癌的， 所以遵循所有 Pp 指南。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct

沃顿商学院的导管插管通过小鼠颌下腺唾液腺

Severe salivary gland hypofunction is frequently found in patients with Sj&ouml;gren's syndrome and those who receiving therapeutic 
irradiation in their ...

科研

医学

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

在小鼠模型体内生物发光成像乳腺癌脑转移的肿瘤乏氧动力学

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There ...

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

研究胰腺癌干细胞特性开发新的治疗策略

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor ...

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Retroductal颌下腺灌输和本地化分割照射在涎腺功能减退症大鼠模型

Normal tissues that lie within the portals of radiation are inadvertently damaged. Salivary glands are often injured during head and neck radiotherapy. ...

Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing

Microtumors使用3D人体Biogel培养体系和病人源性胶质母细胞瘤的Kinomic剖析和药物反应测试的生成

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

从人类肿瘤异种移植的小鼠细胞的消耗显着改善靶细胞下游分析

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Streamlined, Fully Automated Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System

放射规划助理-一个流线型的全自动放疗治疗计划系统

The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) is a system developed for the fully automated creation of radiotherapy treatment plans, including volume-modulated ...

Murine Salivary Functional Assessment via Pilocarpine Stimulation Following Fractionated Radiation

小鼠涎腺照射后通过匹属刺激进行唾液功能评估

Hyposalivation is commonly observed in the autoimmune reaction of Sj&#246;gren's syndrome or following radiation injury to the major salivary glands. In ...

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

利用外束辐射对小型动物模型的多能干细胞衍生畸胎瘤进行靶向选择性治疗

The growing number of victims of &#34;stem cell tourism,&#34; the unregulated transplantation of stem cells worldwide, has raised concerns about the ...