Name: precision implementation of minimal erythema dose (med) testing to assess individual variation in human inflammatory response
Uploaded: 2019-10-03T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了弗吉尼亚理工大学科学探索基金的拨款支持。

下文所述的所有方法，包括使用人类志愿者，都经过当地机构审查委员会（IRB）的审查和批准，并符合《赫尔辛基宣言》和《贝尔蒙特报告》。所有参与者（N=72）签署了IRB议定书所禁止的知情同意。纳入/排除标准和中止程序旨在最大限度地提高参与者的安全，任何偏离这些程序的问题都应考虑到这些程序对风险的影响和对人体的容忍程度。就本文介绍的工作而言，排除性标准将参与限制为没有?...

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与已经实现流行用途的其他基于实验室的炎症挑战，此处描述的 MED 测试的精确实现可以提供若干优势。例如，吸水泡协议17，18，19在皮肤上引发一个充满液体的吸水泡，随后用注射器吸气，直接进入细胞因子微环境。虽然皮肤起泡是研究皮肤免疫学和炎症的众所周知的工具，并且对于获得稀有的细胞和<sup cl...

最小红斑剂量（MED）测试是FDA批准的评估对辐射的皮质敏感性的程序，通常在UVB范围内，尽管MED可以在紫外线和可见光谱1的其他波长确定。红斑被定义为由毛细血管的灌注引起的皮肤表面的浅发（红斑的后期阶段更通常被称为晒伤）。MED 测试已广泛应用于皮肤科文献和临床光疗设置中，以识别紫外线 （UV） 辐射的最小量，从而产生皮肤红度可测量变化的最小单位。MED 测试可通过市售的紫外线灯完成，相当于大多数商业制革设施中使用的紫外线灯。
MED测试涉及紫外线辐射或光从可见光谱到皮肤表面持续分散，在预定的时间长度，剂量时间表主要取决于皮肤的色素沉着和辐射的强度和类型.这个程序通常用于临床设置，以确定患者接受紫外线放射治疗的皮肤条件，如牛皮病和湿疹2，3的剂量时间表。在临床环境中确定MED的基本程序已在其他地方描述，并可用于调整紫外线辐射的总剂量向上或向下，这取决于皮肤敏感性的个别变化。
皮肤色素沉着可能是MED程序6中进行和测量结果的最重要的主题特定变量。这是因为唤起最小红斑反应所需的紫外线照射持续时间主要取决于参与者皮肤的亮度或黑暗度，由参与者的菲茨帕特里克皮肤类型 （FST） 定义。FST7是一种对人体肤色进行分类的数值方案。菲茨帕特里克鳞表是皮肤学研究人类皮肤色素沉着8，9公认的工具，并将人类皮肤分为六大类之一，从最轻（FST I）到最暗（FST VI）。
较暗的 FST 类型需要较长的紫外线持续时间，因此准确分类 FST 非常重要。关于准确评估FST的方法，有广泛的文献，使用各种方法，包括自我报告，皮肤科医生访谈和仪器为基础的评估。FST 的观察者评级已被证明与当前（而不是自然肤色10）相关，但 FST 可通过问卷12和/或客观评估通过自我报告主观地确定11分 光 光度 法。菲茨帕特里克通过分光光度测定进行打字，在一些研究中，10、13、14、15的一些研究已经证明与参与者的自我报告密切相关。
尽管MED检测在临床服务中具有实用性和广泛应用，但该程序在实验室环境中并未被广泛采用，用于测量针对亲炎刺激的个体变异。此处概述的方法的目的是提供提高 MED 测试程序的精度和可重复性的技术和分步程序，以便今后在侧重于细粒度的实验室环境中开展工作炎症反应中个体内变异性的定量。我们进一步提供具有代表性的结果，说明此标准化协议准确捕获炎症中人对人变异的能力。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>6-aperture dose testing patch (&#8220;Cuff&#8221;)</td>
			<td>Daavlin</td>
			<td>&#160;</td>
			<td>&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical grade adhesive solvent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-reflective UV proof cloth</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radiometer</td>
			<td>SolarLight</td>
			<td>Model 6.2 UVB Meter</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single use aloe or burn gel</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Konika-Minolta</td>
			<td>CM-2600D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stopwatch</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV lamp &#8211; Fiji Sun</td>
			<td>Sperti</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Emission spectrum 280nm-400nm, approximately 25% UVB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-proof safety glasses (2 pair)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-proof sleeve</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>White cotton gloves (2 pair)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

precision implementation of minimal erythema dose (med) testing to assess individual variation in human inflammatory response

最小红斑剂量 （MED） 测试常用于临床设置，以确定在皮肤表面产生红斑（炎症变红）所需的最小紫外线 （UV） 照射量。在此背景下，MED被视为确定紫外光疗法的起始剂量，如牛皮病和湿疹的起始剂量。在研究环境中，MED 测试也有可能成为评估炎症反应中和人之间变化的有力工具。然而，MED测试没有被广泛用于研究环境，可能是由于缺乏已公布的指南，这是从该测定中获得可重复结果的障碍。此外，建立MED的协议和设备差异很大，因此很难比较不同实验室的结果。在这里，我们描述了一种精确和可重复的方法，使用新设计的协议和方法诱导和测量表面红斑，这些协议和方法可以很容易地适应其他设备和实验室环境。此处描述的方法包括详细的程序，将允许推断一个标准化剂量时间表到其他设备，以便此协议可以适应任何紫外线辐射源。

表 1中介绍的定时时间表是一个新的剂量计划，计算在暴露事件的中点（即光圈 3 或 4）上，平均捕获每个 FST 的 MED。计算时间表的基础如下。
先前的工作已经确定，对于FST 2的个体，UVB范围内辐射的中位MED为每厘米266.9毫瓦（mW），FST3为77.429 mW/cm2，FST 416为85.0。在 270 μW/cm2的恒定 UVB 能量假设下，我们推断到时态域中，?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response at JoVE.com

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

最小红斑剂量 （MED） 测试用于确定紫外线辐射光疗的剂量时间表。它可以评估炎症反应的个体变异，但缺乏实现可重复结果的方法。在这里，我们介绍了MED的精确实现，并展示了它捕捉炎症反应个体变异的能力。

精确实施最小红斑剂量（MED）测试，以评估人体炎症反应中的个体变异

Minimal erythema dose (MED) testing is frequently used in clinical settings for determining the smallest amount of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation necessary ...

最小的红斑剂量测试，或MED测试，是一种在皮肤病学和临床光疗设置具有悠久历史的技术。它主要用于确定产生红斑所需的最小辐射量，或在皮肤表面出现可见的发红。在这个特殊的研究中，我们所做的是开发一些新的技术和程序，使MED测试适应一些不同的目的，这是精确量化人类炎症激活的变化。在 MED 测试中，精确给量和测量的主要优势与结果的可重复性有关，这为系统地检查可能与炎症相关的其他因素开辟了新的可能性。演示这个程序的将是两个博士学生从我的实验室，霍莉沙利文-图尔和科林卡尔顿。首先护送学员到测试室。向学员解释 MED 测试过程并确认理解。将袖口放在非显性前臂上。仅从袖口的横向（而不是中央）上取下保护蜡纸衬垫。在预定曝光地点放置袖口后，使用永久标记放置地标，以确保袖口二号将位于完全相同的位置。然后，在袖口一侧皮瓣的折痕外四个点（右上、左上、右下角和左下角）的四个点处标记皮肤。确保标记足够暗，持续 24 小时，因此它们可用于在后续预约时将袖口三放在完全相同的位置。接下来，使用校准的分光光度计按顺序记录六个开放光圈中每个孔径的读数。确保分光光度计放置在袖口孔的中心，同时尽可能避免摩尔、疤痕或其他瑕疵。最后，永久记录所有 SCI 值。为确保与相同校准点一致的读数，在 MED 过程期间，请将分光光度计保持在打开位置，并在曝光后读数完成之前不要关闭。去除袖口一后，使用在皮肤上绘制的地标来定位袖口二个位于同一位置的袖口一。戴上必要的安全设备，包括防紫外线眼镜、袖子和手套，并确保参与者也这样做。在激活灯之前，请安排参与者的手臂，使来自灯的紫外线垂直于参与者手臂上的袖口两角。快速激活灯以将距离调整为袖口两个，直到辐射计传感器读数为每厘米 270 微瓦方。接下来，将辐射计传感器朝向紫外灯，平行于皮肤表面，并尽可能靠近袖口二的位置。然后，在激活 UV 源之前移除第一个光圈覆盖。根据此处显示的时间表删除剂量测试补丁中的每个窗口，根据参与者的菲茨帕特里克皮肤类型，该表说明了单独的剂量计划。同时激活紫外线源和秒表，根据基于菲茨帕特里克皮肤类型的正确剂量计划，去除袖口两个上每个孔径覆盖物。接下来，在剂量计划指定的精确时间关闭灯。请勿停用秒表，因为在灯停用后七分钟内应收集额外的分光光度计读数系列，如下所述。最后，在灯停用后整整七分钟后，将每个光圈的最终分光光度计读数记录在袖口二中。首先校准分光光度计，为后续预约做准备，24小时后。通过移除所有孔径覆盖物，将白色蜡纸衬垫放在贴片的中心部分，准备袖口三。将袖口三个放在参与者的手臂上时，从贴片的两侧皮瓣上取下白色蜡纸背。使用学员前臂上的地标将袖口三放在与前两个补丁相同的位置。最后，按顺序读取六个开放光圈中每个孔径。这些结果显示了对 MED 测试的准确皮肤响应。以下是单个代表性主题的完整数据，按评估期细分。暴露前、曝光后7分钟和24小时随和。每个光圈，2到6个，比它之前获得25%的能量。此外，所有 72 个受试者都显示不同 FST 之间可能遇到的变异。也许精密 MED 测试最重要的方面涉及遵守识别的菲茨帕特里克皮肤类型的正确剂量计划，并始终保持皮肤表面和紫外线光源之间的正确距离。我们开发这些技术的部分动机是促进未来的研究，研究炎症反应如何与任何数量的潜在有趣的变量，如心理、药理学或健康相关因素相关。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

最小红斑剂量（MED）测试

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is  sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including  psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The ...

科研

医学

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays RPPA to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers

使用反时相蛋白的阵列（RPPA）探索在个人的肾细胞癌蛋白表达的变化

Currently there is no curative treatment for metastatic clear cell renal cell cancer, the commonest variant of the disease. A key factor in this treatment ...

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

应用生物标志物发现在前列腺癌：个别赫尔维位点表达微阵列鉴定

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the main diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer in clinical use, but it lacks specificity and sensitivity, ...

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

精度在牙科医学，一种新的方法来测量正确度与精密度

Reference scanners are used in dental medicine to verify a lot of procedures. The main interest is to verify impression methods as they serve as a base ...

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

在诱导小鼠心肌梗死的微创手术过程

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last ...

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye

小梁响应压升高在活的人类眼睛

The mechanical characteristics of the trabecular meshwork (TM) are linked to outflow resistance and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation. The rationale ...

Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing

Microtumors使用3D人体Biogel培养体系和病人源性胶质母细胞瘤的Kinomic剖析和药物反应测试的生成

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are ...

Ultrasound-guided Intracardiac Injection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Homing to the Intestine for Use in Murine Models of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

超声引导下人骨髓间充质干细胞在实验性肠炎小鼠模型中的应用

Crohn&#39;s disease (CD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the small and large intestines. Murine and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have ...

Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement

右前小切口主动脉瓣置换术的技术及患者选择标准

Aortic valve stenosis has become the most prevalent valvular heart disease in developed countries, and is due to the aging of these populations. The ...

A Training and Testing System for Performing Vascular Reconstruction In Vitro

在体外进行血管重建的训练和测试系统

Manual vascular reconstruction training is essential for a beginner surgeon. However, an optimal training system for vascular reconstruction in vitro has ...