Name: four-dimensional ct analysis using sequential 3d-3d registration
Uploaded: 2019-11-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了我们机构机构审查委员会的批准（批准文号：20150128）。

这里描述的所有方法都已获得庆应大学医学院机构审查委员会的批准。
注：通过重建移动骨骼围绕固定骨骼的运动来测量关节运动学。对于膝关节运动学，股骨被定义为固定骨骼，而骨质被定义为移动骨骼。
1. CT成像协议
<ol><li>设置 CT 机器。使用 320 探测器行 CT 系统进行 CT 检查，以允许具有 160 mm 颅骨覆盖的多个阶段的 3D 体积数据。例如，在膝关节运...

<ol>
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我们的方法允许可视化和量化整个骨骼的运动，并从 4DCT 数据提供移动骨骼相对于固定骨骼的数值位置数据。已建议使用许多工具测量关节运动学。运动皮肤标记可以分析身体的整体运动很长一段时间。但是，此方法包含皮肤运动错误3。应从相邻骨骼的运动量估算关节运动学。2D-3D 配准方法使用荧光镜和从顺序 2D 图像推断 3D 运动学。尽管分析软件已经发展到可以解释这一点，?...

联合运动学已经使用许多方法来描述，例如运动捕获传感器、2D-3D注册和尸体研究。每种方法都有特定的优缺点。例如，运动捕捉传感器可以使用红外摄像机测量快速、大规模运动，无论是否对主体1、2进行传感器。然而，这些方法测量皮肤运动，以推断关节运动学，因此包含皮肤运动误差3。
卡达韦里克研究已被用来评估运动范围，不稳定性，和接触区域4，5，6。这种方法可以使用CT或光学传感器直接连接到骨头使用针脚或螺钉测量小关节的微小变化。Cadaveric模型可以主要评估被动运动，尽管已使用多个执行器将外力应用于肌腱以模拟动态运动7。主动关节运动可以通过 2D-3D 配准技术进行测量，将 3DCT 图像与 2D 荧光镜图像相匹配。虽然注册过程的准确性仍然存在争议，但报告的准确性一般足够高，适用于大型关节运动学8、9。但是，此方法不能应用于狭窄空间中的小骨骼或多个骨骼。
相比之下，4DCT 是一种动态 CT 方法，用于获取一系列体积数据。可以使用这种方法10进行分析有源关节运动。该技术提供 CT 龙门内所有物质的精确 3D 位置数据。3D 关节运动在查看器中清晰显示。然而，从这样一系列体积数据中描述关节运动学仍然很困难，因为所有的骨骼都在移动，在体内的主动运动中无法追踪到任何地标。
我们开发了一种4DCT分析方法，在活动运动过程中提供关节周围整个骨骼的体内关节运动学。本文旨在介绍4DCT分析的连续3D-3D配准技术，并展示该方法取得的代表性结果。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4DCT scanner</td>
			<td>Canon medical systems (Tochigi, Japan)</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>4DCT scan, Static 3DCT scan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AVIZO(9.3.0)*</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific (OR, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Image processing software. 
			Surface reconstruction from CT DICOM data and point cloud data. 
			* Ryan, T. M. &#38; Walker, A. Trabecular bone structure in the humeral and femoral heads of anthropoid primates. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 293 (4), 719-729, doi:10.1002/ar.21139, (2010).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Meshlab**</td>
			<td>ISTI (Pisa, Italy)</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Surface trimming and landmark picking 
			** MeshLab: an Open-Source Mesh Processing Tool. Sixth Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, page 129-136, 2008. 
			P. Cignoni, M. Callieri, M. Corsini, M. Dellepiane, F. Ganovelli, G. Ranzuglia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VTK(6.3.0)***</td>
			<td>Kitware (New York, USA)</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Iterative Closest Points algorithm. Used in python language programming. 
			*** https://vtk.org</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Python(3.6.1)</td>
			<td>Python Software Foundation</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>DICOM file processing to extract the point cloud from the bone cortex (&#39;dicom.py&#39; module). 
			Calculation of the rotation matrices. (Numpy module) 
			Sequential image regestration using ICP algorithm</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

four-dimensional ct analysis using sequential 3d-3d registration

四维计算机断层扫描 （4DCT） 提供一系列体积数据，并可视化关节运动。但是，对 4DCT 数据的数值分析仍然很困难，因为在所有体积帧中分割都非常耗时。我们旨在使用顺序 3D-3D 注册技术分析关节运动学，使用 4DCT DICOM 数据和现有软件提供运动骨相对于固定骨骼的运动学。源骨骼的表面数据从 3DCT 重建。修剪的表面数据与 4DCT 中第一帧的表面数据分别匹配。这些修剪曲面按顺序匹配，直到最后一帧。这些过程为 4DCT 的所有帧中的目标骨骼提供位置信息。确定目标骨骼的坐标系后，可以计算任意两个骨骼之间的平移和旋转角度。此 4DCT 分析在复杂结构（如腕骨或牙质骨骼）的运动学分析方面提供了优势。但是，由于运动伪影，无法跟踪快速或大规模运动。

我们描述了在膝盖延长期间，tibia的运动。膝关节位于CT龙门。三角形枕头用于支撑股骨在起始位置。膝盖在10s的过程中被延长到一个直的位置。除4DCT外，还进行了整个股骨、头骨和骨骨的静态3DCT。重建了整个股骨和头骨的表面数据。骨皮层HU数的阈值设置为250胡，并重建所有51帧的表面数据。
股骨和股骨被修剪成部分表面数?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration at JoVE.com

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

我们从四维计算机断层扫描数据中分析了关节运动学。顺序 3D-3D 注册方法半自动地提供运动骨骼相对于主体骨骼的运动学，从四维计算机断层扫描数据。

使用顺序 3D-3D 注册进行四维 CT 分析

Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) provides a series of volume data and visualizes joint motions. However, numerical analysis of 4DCT data ...

一种从4D CT数据重建运动骨骼与固定骨骼运动的方法，便于对详细的关节运动学的描述。创建整个骨骼的软，并且选择参考点后，大多数重建过程将自动完成。使用 4D CT 图像 CT 龙门内主体的目标关节，要求主体在 10 秒扫描时间内移动该关节，同时获取一系列体积数据。对于 3D CT 数据的表面半自动分段，将 CT DICOM 数据加载到相应的软件中，然后单击"编辑新标签字段"以打开标签字段。确定哪个阈值 CT 衰减值适合从源骨骼中提取皮质骨骼，并选择具有 CT 衰减值高于阈值的材料。检查骨皮层选择的标签，并使用适当的编辑工具手动修改标记。要从标记的骨层位置数据生成曲面数据，请单击"生成曲面"并使用滑块平滑范围。然后单击"应用"。要以 STL 格式保存曲面数据，请单击"文件"和"导出数据为"，然后选择 STL 二进制小恩迪安。要对 4D CT 卷数据进行自动分段，请使用编程软件中的 DICOM 读取模块从 4D CT 数据的所有 51 帧中提取显示高于阈值的 CT 衰减值的几何数据。然后使用批处理脚本重建点云的所有表面数据，其 CT 衰减值高于图像处理软件中所有 4D CT 帧的阈值。要执行从静态 3D CT 到 4D CT 的第一帧的表面登记，请使用选择相位函数将静态 3D CT 中的骨骼修剪成包含在 4D CT 影片数据所有帧中的部分段数据。4D CT 曲面数据只是将包含在每个体积图像中的部分段，因为曲面登记要求一个曲面数据点包含在另一个曲面中。使用"拾取点"功能在固定和移动的骨骼中选择三个地标，这些地标可以从修剪的 3D CT 曲面和 3D 网格编辑软件中 4D CT 第一帧的表面数据轻松识别。然后根据拾取的地标，在 4D CT 曲面数据的第一帧上大致匹配部分固定和移动的骨骼，并使用迭代最接近点算法在开源软件中执行曲面注册。若要执行顺序曲面登记，请使用开源软件中的迭代最接近点模块，首先将第一个 4D CT 帧中固定骨骼的部分曲面匹配到第二帧的表面数据上。然后，重建与固定骨骼的移动骨骼运动。测量旋转参数后，定义固定和移动骨骼的坐标系。膝关节运动学的样例数据表明，随着头骨的延长，头骨的瓦鲁斯角逐渐减小。在扩展结束时，外部旋转增加，与之前报告中膝盖的主页运动相对应。平移和旋转误差的图表显示，由于 CT 切片厚度为 0.5 英里米，并且超过误差大小，因此股骨长度超过整个长度的 9%，而股骨长度大于整个长度的 7%，则误差是可容忍的。此外，皮拉尔运动学的计算表明，帕泰拉的横向倾斜对应于膝盖弯曲的角度。骨皮层的表面重建应进行目视检查，可能需要手动分割。最近，许多自动分段的研究都使用这些技术，可以自动进行重建。

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Improved Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of Drug Effects Using Micropatterned Cells

改进的可视化和定量分析，药物使用Micropatterned细胞的影响

To date, most HCA (High Content Analysis) studies are carried out with adherent cell lines grown on a homogenous substrate in tissue-culture treated ...

科研

生物工程

Bioluminescence Imaging for Assessment of Immune Responses Following Implantation of Engineered Heart Tissue (EHT)

Bioluminescence Imaging for Assessment of Immune Responses Following Implantation of Engineered Heart Tissue EHT

生物发光成像评估的免疫反应，植入心脏组织工程（东隧）

Various techniques of cardiac tissue engineering have been pursued in the past decades including scaffolding strategies using either native or ...

High Resolution 3D Imaging of Ex-Vivo Biological Samples by Micro CT

High Resolution 3D Imaging of Ex-Vivo Biological Samples by Micro CT

高分辨率三维成像 EX - VIVO生物样品显微CT

Non-destructive volume visualization can be achieved only by tomographic techniques, of which the most efficient is the x-ray micro computerized ...

Polymer Microarrays for High Throughput Discovery of Biomaterials

聚合物芯片高通量发现的生物材料

The discovery of novel biomaterials that are optimized for a specific biological application is readily achieved using polymer microarrays, which allows a ...

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

自我报告的支架3维细胞培养

Culturing cells in 3D on appropriate scaffolds is thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment and increase cell-cell interactions. The resulting ...

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

的系统分析<em&gt;体外</em&gt;细胞滚动使用多孔板微流控系统

A major challenge for cell-based therapy is the inability to systemically target a large quantity of viable cells with high efficiency to tissues of ...

Characterization Of Multi-layered Fish Scales (Atractosteus spatula) Using Nanoindentation, X-ray CT, FTIR, and SEM

Characterization Of Multi-layered Fish Scales Atractosteus spatula Using Nanoindentation, X-ray CT, FTIR, and SEM

表征多层鱼鳞（中<em&gt; Atractosteus锅铲</em&gt;）基于纳米压痕技术，X射线CT，红外光谱和SEM

The hierarchical architecture of protective biological materials such as mineralized fish scales, gastropod shells, ram&#8217;s horn, antlers, and turtle ...

Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery

微型涡辅助电穿孔的顺序传递分子

Electroporation has received increasing attention in the past years, because it is a very powerful technique for physically introducing non-permeant ...

Fabricating Complex Culture Substrates Using Robotic Microcontact Printing (R-&#181;CP) and Sequential Nucleophilic Substitution

Fabricating Complex Culture Substrates Using Robotic Microcontact Printing R-Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂµCP and Sequential Nucleophilic Substitution

制造复杂的栽培基质使用机器人微接触印刷（R-μCP）和顺序亲核取代

In tissue engineering, it is desirable to exhibit spatial control of tissue morphology and cell fate in culture on the micron scale. Culture substrates ...

Automated Slide Scanning and Segmentation in Fluorescently-labeled Tissues Using a Widefield High-content Analysis System

用 Widefield 高含量分析系统实现荧光标记组织的自动滑动扫描和分割

Automated slide scanning and segmentation of fluorescently-labeled tissues is the most efficient way to analyze whole slides or large tissue sections. ...