Name: tuning the acidity of pt/ cnts catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of diphenyl ether
Uploaded: 2019-08-17T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether at JoVE.com

本文件所描述的工作，得到中国香港特别行政区研究资助局（教资会/FDS25/E09/17）的资助。我们还感谢中国国家自然科学基金（21373038和21403026）为催化剂表征提供分析仪器，为催化剂性能评价提供固定床反应器。齐红旭博士感谢香港研究资助局（教资会/FDS25/E09/17）提供的研究助理。

注意：有关本文所述化学品的正确处理方法、特性和毒性，请参阅相关材料安全数据表 （MSDS）。使用的一些化学品有毒和致癌，必须特别小心。纳米材料可能会带来安全隐患和健康影响。应避免吸入和皮肤接触。必须采取安全预防措施，例如在烟机罩中执行催化剂合成，以及使用高压灭菌器进行催化剂性能评估。必须佩戴个人防护设备。
1. CNTs 的预处理13...

<ol>
	<li>Jensen, J. L., Uaprasert, V., Fujii, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acid-Catalyzed+Hydration+of+Dienes.+2.+Changes+in+Activity+Coefficient+Ratios,+Enthalpy,+and+Entropy+as+a+Function+of+Sulfuric+Acid+Concentration.">Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Dienes. 2. Changes in Activity Coefficient Ratios, Enthalpy, and Entropy as a Function of Sulfuric Acid Concentration.</a> Journal of Organic Chemistry. 41 (10), 1675-1680 (1976).</li><li>Ishida, H., Ono, M., Kaji, S., Watanabe, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+1,3-Cyclohexadiene+through+Liquid+Phase+Dehydration+of+2-Cyclohexen-1-ol+in+Aqueous+Solution+using+Zeolite+Catalyst.">Synthesis of 1,3-Cyclohexadiene through Liquid Phase Dehydration of 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol in Aqueous Solution using Zeolite Catalyst.</a> Nippon Kagaku Kaishi. 4, 267-275 (1997).</li><li>Ishida, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liquid-phase+hydration+process+of+cyclohexene+with+zeolites.">Liquid-phase hydration process of cyclohexene with zeolites.</a> Catalysis Surveys from Japan. , 241-246 (1997).</li><li>Ushikubo, T., Iizuka, T., Hattori, H., Tanabe, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+highly+acidic+hydrated+niobium+oxide.">Preparation of highly acidic hydrated niobium oxide.</a> Catalysis Today. 16, 291-295 (1993).</li><li>Nakajima, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nb2O5.nH2O+as+a+heterogeneous+catalyst+with+water-tolerant+Lewis+acid+sites.">Nb2O5.nH2O as a heterogeneous catalyst with water-tolerant Lewis acid sites.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (12), 4224-4227 (2011).</li><li>Lam, E., Luong, J. H. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbon+Materials+as+Catalyst+Supports+and+Catalysts+in+the+Transformation+of+Biomass+to+Fuels+and+Chemicals.">Carbon Materials as Catalyst Supports and Catalysts in the Transformation of Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals.</a> ACS Catalysis. 4 (10), 3393-3410 (2014).</li><li>Sudarsanam, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functionalised+heterogeneous+catalysts+for+sustainable+biomass+valorisation.">Functionalised heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable biomass valorisation.</a> Chemical Soceity Review. 47 (22), 8349-8402 (2018).</li><li>Hara, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+carbon+material+as+a+strong+protonic+acid.">A carbon material as a strong protonic acid.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition English. 43 (22), 2955-2958 (2004).</li><li>Toda, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biodiesel+made+with+sugar+catalyst.">Biodiesel made with sugar catalyst.</a> Nature. 438 (7065), (2005).</li><li>Ji, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sulfonated+graphene+as+water-tolerant+solid+acid+catalyst.">Sulfonated graphene as water-tolerant solid acid catalyst.</a> Chemical Science. 2 (3), 484-487 (2011).</li><li>Wang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene-Based+Metal/Acid+Bifunctional+Catalyst+for+the+Conversion+of+Levulinic+Acid+to+&#947;-Valerolactone.">Graphene-Based Metal/Acid Bifunctional Catalyst for the Conversion of Levulinic Acid to &#947;-Valerolactone.</a> ACS Sustainable Chemistry &amp; Engineering. 5 (2), 1538-1548 (2016).</li><li>Ma, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+depolymerization+of+lignin+for+liquefied+fuel+at+mild+condition+by+rare+earth+metals+loading+on+CNT.">Catalytic depolymerization of lignin for liquefied fuel at mild condition by rare earth metals loading on CNT.</a> Fuel Processing Technology. , 220-225 (2017).</li><li>Rahzani, B., Saidi, M., Rahimpour, H. R., Gates, B. C., Rahimpour, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+investigation+of+upgrading+of+lignin-derived+bio-oil+component+anisole+catalyzed+by+carbon+nanotube-supported+molybdenum.">Experimental investigation of upgrading of lignin-derived bio-oil component anisole catalyzed by carbon nanotube-supported molybdenum.</a> RSC Advances. 7 (17), 10545-10556 (2017).</li><li>Guo, Y., Chen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bicomponent+Assembly+of+VO2and+Polyaniline-Functionalized+Carbon+Nanotubes+for+the+Selective+Oxidation+of+Biomass-Based+5-Hydroxymethylfurfural+to+2,5-Diformylfuran.">Bicomponent Assembly of VO2and Polyaniline-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for the Selective Oxidation of Biomass-Based 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Diformylfuran.</a> ChemPlusChem. 80 (12), 1760-1768 (2015).</li><li>He, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+HNbMoO6,+HNbWO6+and+HTiNbO5+as+solid+acids+and+their+catalytic+properties+for+esterification+reaction.">Characterization of HNbMoO6, HNbWO6 and HTiNbO5 as solid acids and their catalytic properties for esterification reaction.</a> Applied Catalysis A: General. , 145-152 (2012).</li><li>Tagusagawa, C., Takagaki, A., Hayashi, S., Domen, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+HNbWO6+and+HTaWO6+Metal+Oxide+Nanosheet+Aggregates+As+Solid+Acid+Catalysts.">Characterization of HNbWO6 and HTaWO6 Metal Oxide Nanosheet Aggregates As Solid Acid Catalysts.</a> Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 113, 7831-7837 (2009).</li><li>Niwa, M., Katada, N., Sawa, M., Murakami, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature-Programmed+Desorption+of+Ammonia+with+Readsorption+Based+on+the+Derived+Theoretical+Equation.">Temperature-Programmed Desorption of Ammonia with Readsorption Based on the Derived Theoretical Equation.</a> Journal of Physical Chemistry. 99, 8812-8816 (1995).</li><li>Leiva, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conversion+of+guaiacol+over+supported+ReOx+catalysts:+Support+and+metal+loading+effect.">Conversion of guaiacol over supported ReOx catalysts: Support and metal loading effect.</a> Catalysis Today. , 228-238 (2017).</li><li>Deng, W., Liu, M., Tan, X., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conversion+of+cellobiose+into+sorbitol+in+neutral+water+medium+over+carbon+nanotube-supported+ruthenium+catalysts.">Conversion of cellobiose into sorbitol in neutral water medium over carbon nanotube-supported ruthenium catalysts.</a> Journal of Catalysis. 271 (1), 22-32 (2010).</li><li>Huang, B., Huang, R., Jin, D., Ye, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+temperature+SCR+of+NO+with+NH3+over+carbon+nanotubes+supported+vanadium+oxides.">Low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 over carbon nanotubes supported vanadium oxides.</a> Catalysis Today. 126 (3-4), 279-283 (2007).</li><li>Takagaki, A., Tagusagawa, C., Hayashi, S., Hara, M., Domen, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanosheets+as+highly+active+solid+acid+catalysts+for+green+chemical+syntheses.">Nanosheets as highly active solid acid catalysts for green chemical syntheses.</a> Energy &amp; Environmental Science. 3 (1), 82-93 (2010).</li><li>Hu, L. -. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+photocatalytic+performance+of+layered+HNbWO6nanosheet+aggregation.">Structure and photocatalytic performance of layered HNbWO6nanosheet aggregation.</a> Journal of Nanophotonics. 9 (1), (2015).</li><li>Geim, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene:+Status+and+Prospects.">Graphene: Status and Prospects.</a> Science. 324, 1530-1534 (2009).</li><li>Golberg, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Boron+Nitride+Nanotubes+and+Nanosheets.">Boron Nitride Nanotubes and Nanosheets.</a> ACS Nano. 4 (6), 2979-2993 (2010).</li><li>Wilson, J. A., Yoffe, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+transition+metal+dichalcogenides+discussion+and+interpretation+of+the+observed+optical,+electrical+and+structural+properties.">The transition metal dichalcogenides discussion and interpretation of the observed optical, electrical and structural properties.</a> Advances in Physics. 18 (73), 193-335 (1969).</li><li>Ma, R., Sasaki, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanosheets+of+oxides+and+hydroxides:+Ultimate+2D+charge-bearing+functional+crystallites.">Nanosheets of oxides and hydroxides: Ultimate 2D charge-bearing functional crystallites.</a> Advanced Materials. 22 (45), 5082-5104 (2010).</li><li>Pope, T. R., Lassig, M. N., Neher, G., Weimar Iii, R. D., Salguero, T. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromism+of+Bi2WO6+in+single+crystal+and+nanosheet+forms.">Chromism of Bi2WO6 in single crystal and nanosheet forms.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2 (17), 3223-3230 (2014).</li><li>Yu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+scalable+synthesis+of+uniform,+high-quality+monolayer+and+few-layer+MoS2+films.">Controlled scalable synthesis of uniform, high-quality monolayer and few-layer MoS2 films.</a> Scientific Reports. 3, 1866 (2013).</li><li>Prasomsri, T., Shetty, M., Murugappan, K., Rom&#225;n-Leshkov, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insights+into+the+catalytic+activity+and+surface+modification+of+MoO3+during+the+hydrodeoxygenation+of+lignin-derived+model+compounds+into+aromatic+hydrocarbons+under+low+hydrogen+pressures.">Insights into the catalytic activity and surface modification of MoO3 during the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived model compounds into aromatic hydrocarbons under low hydrogen pressures.</a> Energy &amp; Environmental Science. 7 (8), 2660-2669 (2014).</li></ol>

用硝酸对CNT进行预处理确实显著增加了特定表面积 （ SBET） .原始CNT具有103m2/g的特定表面积，而经过处理后，表面积增加到134m 2/g。因此，这种预处理在CNT表面产生缺陷，对固体酸改性、铂颗粒浸渍后催化剂的特定表面积有积极影响。由于加入纳米片后表面积会减少，因此这一步骤对于最大化最终催化剂的表面面积至关重要。这是因为在纳米板合并和金属浸渍后，部分表?...

许多制造化学品的工业过程都涉及使用水无机酸。一个典型的例子是传统的H2SO4工艺，用于水化环己醇，以产生环己醇。该过程涉及双相系统，环己酸二甲苯醚处于有机相，环己醇产物处于酸性水相，因此通过简单的蒸馏使分离过程变得困难。除了分离和回收的困难外，无机酸对设备也具有剧毒和腐蚀性。有时，使用无机酸会产生副产品，从而降低产品产量，必须避免。例如，使用H2 SO4脱水2环己酮-1-ol以生产1，3-环己二烯将导致聚合副产品1。因此，许多工业过程转向使用固体酸催化剂。各种耐水固体酸用于解决上述问题并最大限度地提高产品产量，例如使用 HZSM-5 和 Amberlyst-15。使用高硅HZSM-5沸石已被证明取代H2 SO4在生产环己醇从苯2。由于沸石存在于中性水相中，因此产品将完全进入有机相，从而简化分离过程。然而，由于刘易斯酸碱加法形成水分子到刘易斯酸位点，沸石材料仍然表现出较低的选择性，由于存在非活性位点3。在所有这些固体酸中，Nb2O5是同时含有刘易斯和布伦斯特德酸位的最佳候选体之一。Nb2O5μnH2O 的酸度相当于 70% 的 H2SO4溶液，因为存在实验室质子。与质子沸石材料相当的苯酸度非常高。这种酸度在除水后将转向刘易斯酸度。在存在水的情况下，Nb2O5形成四面体 NbO 4-H2O 加法，这可能会降低刘易斯酸度。然而，刘易斯酸位仍然有效，因为NbO4四面体仍然有有效的正电荷4。这种现象在葡萄糖转化为5-（羟基甲基）fural（HMF）和苯醛与水中四环锡的转化中得到了成功证明。因此，耐水催化剂在可再生能源应用中的生物量转化至关重要，尤其是在水等环境无害溶剂中进行转化时。
在许多环境良性固体酸催化剂中，使用石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、中孔碳材料的功能化碳纳米材料在生物质的价化中一直发挥着重要的作用。可调孔隙度、极高的特异性表面积和优异的疏水性 6、7。磺化衍生物是特别稳定、活性高的质子催化材料。它们可以通过硫化芳香化合物8的不完全碳化制备，也可以由不完全碳化糖9的硫化制备。它们已被证明是非常高效的催化剂（例如，用于高脂肪酸的酯化），其活性可与使用液体H2 SO4相媲美。石墨烯和CNT是碳材料，具有较大的表面积、优异的机械性能、良好的耐酸性、均匀的孔径分布以及耐焦炭沉积。已发现硫酸石墨烯能有效催化乙酸乙酯10的水解，双功能石墨烯催化剂已发现，促进一锅的乳酸转化为β-瓦列洛酮11。CNT 上支持的双功能金属也是用于生物质转化 12、13的高效催化剂，例如，在 VO 2-PANI/CNT 上将 HMF 高度选择性的有氧氧化为 2，5-二甲基催化剂14.
利用 Nb2O5固体酸、功能化 CNT 和 CNT 上支持的双功能金属的独特特性，我们报告一系列基于 Nb（Ta） 的固体酸纳米板改性 Pt/CNT 的合成协议，具有高表面面积由纳米片聚合方法。此外，我们证明了Pt/20HNbWO6/CNTs，由于从HNbWO6纳米片衍生的分散的Pt粒子和强酸位点的协同效应，在转换中表现出最佳活性和选择性木质素衍生的模型化合物通过水力脱氧转化为燃料。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon nanotubes (multi-walled)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>724769</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitric acid (65%)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>V000191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sulphuric acid (98%)</td>
			<td>MERCK</td>
			<td>100748</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lithium carbonate (&#62;99%)</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>L196236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Niobium pentaoxide (99.95%)</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>N108413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tungsten trioxide (99.8%)</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>T103857</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Molybdenum trioxide (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>M104355</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tantalum oxide (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>T104746</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, &#8805;37.50% Pt basis</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>206083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tetra (n-butylammonium) hydroxide 30-hydrate</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>D117227</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diphenyl ether, 98%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>D110644</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Bromoacetophenone,98%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>B103328</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethyl ether,99.5%</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td>10009318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>n-Decane,98%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>D105231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>n-Dodecane,99%</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>D119697</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autoclave Reactor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>CJF-0.05&#8212;0.1L (Dalian Tongda Equipment Technology Development Co., Ltd)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tube furnace</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>SK2-1-10/12 (Luoyang Huaxulier Electric Stove Co., Ltd)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tuning the acidity of pt/ cnts catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of diphenyl ether

本文提出了一种合成HNbWO 6、HNbMoO6、HTaWO6固体酸纳米板改性Pt/CNT的方法。通过改变各种固体酸纳米片的重量，一系列具有不同固体酸成分的Pt/xHMNO 6/CNT（x = 5，20 wt）;M = Nb，塔;N = Mo， W） 已制备通过碳纳米管预处理、质子交换、固体酸去角质、聚合和最终 Pt 颗粒浸渍。Pt/xHMNO6/CNT 具有 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、传输电子显微镜和 NH3温度编程解吸的特点。研究表明，HNbWO6纳米板附着在CNT上，纳米片的一些边缘弯曲成形。支撑Pt催化剂的酸强度按以下顺序增加：Pt/CNTs <Pt/5HNbWO6/CNTs <Pt/20HNbMoO6/CNTs <Pt/20HNbWO6/CNT;Pt/20HT6 /lt;Pt/20HTaWO6/CNTs。此外，还研究了木质素衍生模型化合物的催化转化：使用合成Pt/20HNbWO6催化剂的二苯醚。

X射线衍射模式（XRD）已经研究前体LiNbWO6和相应的质子交换催化剂样品HNbWO 6，以确定相位（图1和图2）。NH3-温度编程解吸（NH3-TPD）用于探测催化剂样品的表面酸度（图3）。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与X射线微分析和传输电子显微镜（TEM）被记录为研究形态（图4和图5...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether at JoVE.com

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

调整二苯醚氢氧化的Pt/CNT催化剂的酸度

提出了HNbWO 6、HNbMoO6、HTaWO6固体酸纳米板改性Pt/CNT的合成方案。

We herein present a method for the synthesis of HNbWO6, HNbMoO6, HTaWO6 solid acid nanosheet modified Pt/CNTs. By varying the weight of various solid acid ...

利用石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维和中孔碳材料的功能化碳纳米材料，由于可调孔隙度、极高特异性表面积和优异疏水性，在生物量价值化中发挥着重要作用。该协议演示了一种用于调整固体酸纳米板改性铂碳纳米管酸度以进行生物质价值的一般方法。固体酸的酸度可以通过减少缺陷数量、碳纳米管的特定面积和固体酸纳米板的类型进行改性，这样在生物量转化过程中，催化剂可以根据不同的产品要求进行微调，以生产不同的产品。首先，将一克碳纳米管或CRT浸入15毫升硝酸中，在100毫升烧杯中。在25摄氏度下对溶液进行声波化一个半小时，以去除表面杂质，增强催化剂的锚定效果。然后，将溶液转移到 100 毫升的圆底烧瓶中。在60摄氏度下将硝酸和硫酸的混合物回流，在CC上产生表面缺陷。冷却至室温后，过滤溶液以获得多壁碳纳米管固体。用去压水清洗固体一次。在80摄氏度下干燥固体14小时。接下来，在摩尔比为一比一比二时，重量碳酸锂和金属氧化物氧化二氧化氮和三氧化钨。在空气中在800摄氏度下将固体混合物钙化24小时，中间研磨一次。烧结后，在50摄氏度的200毫升双摩尔硝酸溶液中放置10克冷锂镍钨，搅拌溶液5天，每24小时更换一次酸。在这五天内，每天交换酸性液体，然后重复上一步。过滤固体，用去维化水洗三次。然后，在80摄氏度下一夜之间将固体干燥。现在，在含有两克已准备好的质子化合物的脱水溶液中加入25%四分之一和丁基氢氧化铵溶液，直到pH值达到9.5至10。然后，搅拌溶液七天。七天后，离心溶液。收集包含分散纳米纸的上一页。接下来，以一比一比二的摩尔比称碳酸锂和金属氧化物三氧化二氮和三氧化硅的千分之一量。在空气中在800摄氏度下将固体混合物钙化24小时，中间研磨一次。烧结后，将10克冷却的锂硅酸盐粉在200毫升的200毫升的两摩尔硝酸溶液中，在50摄氏度下搅拌溶液5天，60小时后更换一次酸。接下来，以一比一比二的摩尔比例称量碳酸锂和金属氧化物五氧化硅和三氧化钨。在900摄氏度的空气中将固体混合物在空气中加水24小时，中间研磨一次。烧结后，将10克冷却的钛钨粉在200毫升的两摩尔硝酸溶液中，在50摄氏度下搅拌溶液5天，60小时后更换一次酸。在 250 毫升的圆底烧瓶中，将两克准备好的多壁式 CNT 添加到 100 毫升的钛钨酸纳米片溶液中。将 100 毫升的一摩尔硝酸溶液加入到圆底烧瓶中，以聚合纳米片样品。继续在 50 摄氏度下搅拌溶液 6 小时。之后，过滤固体，用去维化水洗三次。在80摄氏度下一夜之间干燥固体。第二天，称量干燥的固体，记录在多壁CRT上固体酸的浮动百分比。 准备每100毫升叶绿铂和水溶液1克。然后，用1.34毫升水铂溶液浸渍作为准备的纳米板修改的CRT。干燥纳米表CRT后，在400摄氏度的空气中钙化3小时。获得基于钛的固体酸纳米板改性铂金CNT催化剂。在五毫升石英砂中稀释 05 克催化剂。将溶液装在两个石英羊毛枕头之间的固定床反应器中间。在300摄氏度下将氢气中的催化剂减少两小时。以每分钟 05 至 06 毫升的不同流速将二苯醚原料泵入固定床反应器。在不同的空间时间收集产品，定义为催化剂质量与基板流速之间的比值。使用配备 5977A 质量选择性检测器的气相色谱仪识别液体产品，并通过气相色谱线分析。最后，利用适当的方程确定反应物选择性对产品和产品产量的转化。x 是前体钛钨的脱层器具有三种独特的衍射峰，它们代表一个有序的分层结构，与为锂钛钨状态观测到的四龙正交相良好。在质子交换反应之后，观察到6.8度的衍射峰值，这符合在钛通酸中观察到的模式，并表明存在分层结构。x 是去角质后去模式，与 CFT 混合的峰值归因于碳 002 和 110 和 200 晶格平面的钛通酸纳米片。去角质后，6.8度的衍射峰值几乎完全消失，表明分层化合物完全转化为纳米板结构。铂的SEM浸渍在20%的钛钨酸与碳纳米管上，并显示了催化剂不同元素的相应元素映射分析。分析直接说明了铂粒子的分布情况，表明这些颗粒以及钛和钨均匀地分散在催化剂表面。所有纳米板改性铂催化剂都有弱酸特性位点，这些点位由以210摄氏度为中心的峰值所描绘。指示中等酸强度的两个峰值以360和450摄氏度为中心。别忘了混合硝酸和硫酸的比例。并保持精确的温度，以确保表面衍射物的可重复性。按照此过程，可以执行所有方法，如制备具有不同金属中心的催化剂，以回答如何优化二苯醚和其他衍生模型紧凑型的水力转换活性等问题。证明后，作为准备的固体酸可以转化生物质衍生的小分子，如二苯醚。下一个问题是这种催化剂是否可以用来将真正的生物量微分子转化为小分子。这可能需要固体催化剂的酸度进一步转动。不要忘记，使用氧化氮和相关混合金属氧化物可能是剧毒，在处理硝酸和硫酸时应始终采取预防措施。高压反应器和

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Chemistry

Acids and Bases

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

生物分子有序结构由短肽的自组装形成

In nature, complex functional structures are formed by the self-assembly of biomolecules under mild conditions. Understanding the forces that control ...

科研

化学

Tuning a Parallel Segmented Flow Column and Enabling Multiplexed Detection

调优并行分段流动列和启用多重检测

Active flow technology (AFT) is new form of column technology that was designed to overcome flow heterogeneity to increase separation performance in terms ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

蛋白质生物缀合物的合成<em&gt;通过</em&gt;半胱氨酸马来酰亚胺化学

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

使用Photoredox催化剂蠕虫状胶束的简便合成可见光介导的分散聚合

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts

对碳化钼催化合成乙酸的程序升温脱氧

Temperature programmed reaction (TPRxn) is a simple yet powerful tool for screening solid catalyst performance at a variety of conditions. A TPRxn system ...

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements

核磁共振作为鱼油补充剂的血脂的快速评价一个强大的工具

The western diet is poor in n-3 fatty acids, therefore the consumption of fish oil supplements is recommended to increase the intake of these essential ...

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

用于丙烷脱氢的负载型Pt-Cu固溶体纳米粒子催化剂的合成与测试

A convenient method for the synthesis of bimetallic Pt-Cu catalysts and performance tests for propane dehydrogenation and characterization are ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

化学沉淀法合成铌2O5改性高比表面积镍催化剂

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction

直接溶液还原法快速合成金、钯、铂气凝胶的研究

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various ...

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

离子液体中双金属 Pt/锡基纳米粒子的合成

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles consisting of Pt and Sn. A synthesis strategy is used in which the particular ...