Name: design and use of an apparatus for presenting graspable objects in 3d workspace
Uploaded: 2019-08-08T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace at JoVE.com

我们感谢沈世江先生对仪器设计的建议,感谢王桂华女士在动物护理和培训方面给予的帮助。这项工作得到了国家重点研究发展计划(2017YFC1308501)、国家自然科学基金(31627802)、浙江省公共项目(2016C33059)和基础研究基金的支持。中央大学。

所有行为和外科手术均符合《实验室动物护理和使用指南》(中国卫生部),并经中国浙江大学动物护理委员会批准。
1.组装3D翻译设备
<ol><li>使用铝制结构导轨(横截面:40 mm x 40 mm)构建尺寸为 920 mm x 690 mm x 530 mm 的框架。</li>
	<li>用螺钉 (M4) 固定到 Y 导轨两端的四个底座(图1B)。</li>
	<li>用螺钉 (M6) 将四个底座固定到顶部表面的四个角上,从而将两个 Y 形导轨?...

<ol>
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C., Scherberger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Context-specific+grasp+movement+representation+in+the+macaque+anterior+intraparietal+area.">Context-specific grasp movement representation in the macaque anterior intraparietal area.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (20), 6436-6448 (2009).</li><li>Riehle, A., Wirtssohn, S., Grun, S., Brochier, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+the+spatio-temporal+structure+of+motor+cortical+LFP+and+spiking+activities+during+reach-to-grasp+movements.">Mapping the spatio-temporal structure of motor cortical LFP and spiking activities during reach-to-grasp movements.</a> Frontiers in Neural Circuits. 7, 48 (2013).</li><li>Michaels, J. A., Scherberger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Population+coding+of+grasp+and+laterality-related+information+in+the+macaque+fronto-parietal+network.">Population coding of grasp and laterality-related information in the macaque fronto-parietal network.</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 1710 (2018).</li><li>Fattori, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand+orientation+during+reach-to-grasp+movements+modulates+neuronal+activity+in+the+medial+posterior+parietal+area+V6A.">Hand orientation during reach-to-grasp movements modulates neuronal activity in the medial posterior parietal area V6A.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (6), 1928-1936 (2009).</li><li>Asher, I., Stark, E., Abeles, M., Prut, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+direction+and+object+selectivity+of+local+field+potentials+and+single+units+in+macaque+posterior+parietal+cortex+during+prehension.">Comparison of direction and object selectivity of local field potentials and single units in macaque posterior parietal cortex during prehension.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 97 (5), 3684-3695 (2007).</li><li>Stark, E., Asher, I., Abeles, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Encoding+of+reach+and+grasp+by+single+neurons+in+premotor+cortex+is+independent+of+recording+site.">Encoding of reach and grasp by single neurons in premotor cortex is independent of recording site.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 97 (5), 3351-3364 (2007).</li><li>Velliste, M., Perel, S., Spalding, M. C., Whitford, A. S., Schwartz, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+control+of+a+prosthetic+arm+for+self-feeding.">Cortical control of a prosthetic arm for self-feeding.</a> Nature. 453 (7198), 1098-1101 (2008).</li><li>Vargas-Irwin, C. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decoding+complete+reach+and+grasp+actions+from+local+primary+motor+cortex+populations.">Decoding complete reach and grasp actions from local primary motor cortex populations.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (29), 9659-9669 (2010).</li><li>Mollazadeh, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+variation+of+multiple+neurophysiological+signals+in+the+primary+motor+cortex+during+dexterous+reach-to-grasp+movements.">Spatiotemporal variation of multiple neurophysiological signals in the primary motor cortex during dexterous reach-to-grasp movements.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 31 (43), 15531-15543 (2011).</li><li>Saleh, M., Takahashi, K., Hatsopoulos, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Encoding+of+coordinated+reach+and+grasp+trajectories+in+primary+motor+cortex.">Encoding of coordinated reach and grasp trajectories in primary motor cortex.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (4), 1220-1232 (2012).</li><li>Collinger, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-performance+neuroprosthetic+control+by+an+individual+with+tetraplegia.">High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia.</a> The Lancet. 381 (9866), 557-564 (2013).</li><li>Lehmann, S. J., Scherberger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reach+and+gaze+representations+in+macaque+parietal+and+premotor+grasp+areas.">Reach and gaze representations in macaque parietal and premotor grasp areas.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (16), 7038-7049 (2013).</li><li>Rouse, A. G., Schieber, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+distribution+of+location+and+object+effects+in+reach-to-grasp+kinematics.">Spatiotemporal distribution of location and object effects in reach-to-grasp kinematics.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 114 (6), 3268-3282 (2015).</li><li>Rouse, A. G., Schieber, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+Distribution+of+Location+and+Object+effects+in+Primary+Motor+Cortex+Neurons+during+Reach-to-Grasp.">Spatiotemporal Distribution of Location and Object effects in Primary Motor Cortex Neurons during Reach-to-Grasp.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (41), 10640-10653 (2016).</li><li>Hao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+synergies+for+controlling+reach+and+grasp+movement+in+macaques.">Neural synergies for controlling reach and grasp movement in macaques.</a> Neuroscience. 357, 372-383 (2017).</li><li>Takahashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Encoding+of+Both+Reaching+and+Grasping+Kinematics+in+Dorsal+and+Ventral+Premotor+Cortices.">Encoding of Both Reaching and Grasping Kinematics in Dorsal and Ventral Premotor Cortices.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 37 (7), 1733-1746 (2017).</li><li>Chen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+automated+behavioral+apparatus+to+combine+parameterized+reaching+and+grasping+movements+in+3D+space.">An automated behavioral apparatus to combine parameterized reaching and grasping movements in 3D space.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 312, 139-147 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+invasive+brain-machine+interface+with+a+monkey+model.">Development of an invasive brain-machine interface with a monkey model.</a> Chinese Science Bulletin. 57 (16), 2036 (2012).</li><li>Hao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+neural+patterns+enable+grasp+types+decoding+in+monkey+dorsal+premotor+cortex.">Distinct neural patterns enable grasp types decoding in monkey dorsal premotor cortex.</a> Journal of Neural Engineering. 11 (6), 066011 (2014).</li></ol>

此处描述的行为装置允许不同到达和抓握运动的试用组合(即,猴子可以在每次试验中的任何任意 3D 位置抓住不同形状的物体)。这是通过切换不同对象的自定义车削表和将车削表传输到 3D 空间中的多个位置的线性平移设备的组合来实现的。此外,猴子的神经信号、手腕轨迹和手形能够被记录和同步用于神经生理学研究。
该装置包括单独驱动的3D平移装置和车削表,独立呈现多个?...

已经开发出各种仪器来研究非人类灵长类动物到达和把握运动背后的神经原理。在执行任务时,触摸屏1,2,屏幕光标由操纵杆3,4,5,6,7和虚拟现实技术8控制,9,已分别使用10个用于提出 2D 和 3D 目标。为了引入不同的夹持类型,固定在一个位置或围绕轴旋转的不同形状的物体被广泛应用于抓握任务11、12、13中。另一种选择是使用视觉提示来通知受试者用不同的抓地力类型14、15、16、17抓住同一物体。最近,到达和把握运动一起研究(即,受试者在实验环节中达到多个位置,用不同的抓地力类型进行握握)18、19、20 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29。早期的实验已经提出对象手动,这不可避免地导致低时间和空间精度20,21。为了提高实验精度,节省人力,程序控制的自动演示装置得到了广泛的应用。为了改变目标位置和夹点类型,实验者同时暴露了多个对象,但目标的相对(或绝对)位置和夹点类型绑定在一起,通过长期训练导致刚性射击模式22 ,27,28.物体通常呈现在2D平面上,这限制了到达运动和神经活动的多样性19,25,26。最近,虚拟现实24和机器人臂23,29被引入到3D空间的呈现对象。
这里介绍了用于构建和使用自动化设备30的详细协议,该装置可在 3D 空间中实现多个目标位置和夹持类型的任意组合。我们设计了一个车削台来切换物体和3D平移设备,以在3D空间中传输车削台。车削台和平移装置均由独立电机驱动。同时,在整个实验中同时记录受试者手腕和神经信号的三维轨迹。该装置为研究风河猴上肢功能提供了宝贵的平台。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Active X-rail</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>W50-25</td>
			<td>Effective travel, 600 mm; Load, 25 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Active Y-rail</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>W60-35</td>
			<td>Effective travel, 300 mm, Load 35 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Active Z-rail</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>W50-25</td>
			<td>Effective travel, 500 mm; Load 25 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bearing</td>
			<td>Taobao.com</td>
			<td>6004-2RSH</td>
			<td>Acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Case</td>
			<td>Custom mechanical processing</td>
			<td>TT-C</td>
			<td>Acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Connecting ring</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>57/60-W50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Connecting shaft</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>D12-700</td>
			<td>Diam., 12 mm;Length, 700 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diaphragm coupling</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>CCM 12-12</td>
			<td>Inner diam., 12-12mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diaphragm coupling</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>CCM 12-14</td>
			<td>Inner diam., 14-12mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric slip ring</td>
			<td>Semring Inc., China</td>
			<td>SNH020a-12</td>
			<td>Acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Locating bar</td>
			<td>Custom mechanical processing</td>
			<td>TT-L</td>
			<td>Acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motion capture system</td>
			<td>Motion Analysis Corp. US</td>
			<td>Eagle-2.36</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neural signal acquisition system</td>
			<td>Blackrock Microsystems Corp. US</td>
			<td>Cerebus</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NI DAQ device</td>
			<td>National Instruments, US</td>
			<td>USB-6341</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Object</td>
			<td>Custom mechanical processing</td>
			<td>TT-O</td>
			<td>Acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Passive Y-rail</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>W60-35</td>
			<td>Effective travel, 300 mm; Load 35 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Passive Z-rail</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>W50-25</td>
			<td>Effective travel, 500 mm; Load 25 kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedestal</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>80-W60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Longer Inc., China</td>
			<td>BT100-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Planetary gearhead</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>PLF60-5</td>
			<td>Flange, 60&#215;60 mm; Reduction ratio, 1:5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Right triangle frame</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>290-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotator</td>
			<td>Custom mechanical processing</td>
			<td>TT-R</td>
			<td>Acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Servo motor</td>
			<td>Yifeng Inc., China</td>
			<td>60ST-M01930</td>
			<td>Flange, 60&#215;60 mm; Torque, 1.91 N&#183;m; for Y- and Z-rail</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Servo motor</td>
			<td>Yifeng Inc., China</td>
			<td>60ST-M01330</td>
			<td>Flange, 60&#215;60 mm; Torque, 1.27 N&#183;m; for X-rail</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shaft</td>
			<td>Custom mechanical processing</td>
			<td>TT-S</td>
			<td>Acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stepping motor</td>
			<td>Taobao.com</td>
			<td>86HBS120</td>
			<td>Flange, 86&#215;86 mm; Torque, 1.27 N&#183;m; Driving turning table</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Touch sensor</td>
			<td>Taobao.com</td>
			<td>CM-12X-5V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tricolor LED</td>
			<td>Taobao.com</td>
			<td>CK017, RGB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T-shaped connecting board</td>
			<td>CCM Automation technology Inc., China</td>
			<td>110-120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

design and use of an apparatus for presenting graspable objects in 3d workspace

达到和把握是高度耦合的运动,其潜在的神经动力学在过去十年中被广泛研究。为了区分到达和把握编码,必须显示不同的对象标识,而与它们的位置无关。这里介绍了一个自动设备的设计,组装与车削表和三维(3D)平移设备,以实现这一目标。车削表切换与不同夹点类型对应的不同对象,而 3D 平移设备在 3D 空间中传输车削表。两者都由电机独立驱动,因此目标位置和对象被任意组合。同时,手腕轨迹和握持类型分别通过运动捕捉系统和触摸传感器进行记录。此外,还介绍了使用该系统成功训练的猴子的代表性结果。预计该装置将有助于研究人员研究与上肢功能相关的运动学、神经原理和脑机界面。

设备的完整工作空间尺寸分别为 600 mm、300 mm 和 500 mm(x 轴、y 轴和 z 轴)。3D 平移装置的最大负载为 25 kg,而车削台(包括步进电机)的加权重量为 15 kg,可以高达 500 mm/s 的速度运输。3D平移装置的运动精度小于0.1毫米,器件噪声小于60分贝。
为了证明系统的效用,猴子被训练(以前在到达任务中训练),用系统30完成延迟的到达抓握任务。使用上面介绍的过程,范例软件自...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace at JoVE.com

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace

设计和使用用于在 3D 工作区中呈现可抓握对象的设备

这里介绍的是一个协议,用于构建一个自动设备,用于引导猴子执行灵活的到达式任务。该装置结合了 3D 平移装置和车削表,在 3D 空间中的任意位置呈现多个对象。

Reaching and grasping are highly-coupled movements, and their underlying neural dynamics have been widely studied in the last decade. To distinguish ...

在过去的几十年里，神经原理的基础接触和掌握已经进行了广泛的研究，然而，很少开发设备，使两个动作在一个任务中的灵活组合。通过将自定义车位与三维平移设备耦合，我们的设备能够试一下三维空间中的多个位置和每个位置中形状不同的物体的组合。我们的仪器为研究上肢功能及其基本神经原理提供了一个宝贵的平台。它还可促进同时重建大脑-机器界面中的伸手和抓握运动。首先，将两个 Y 导轨平行固定在框架的顶部表面，用螺钉将基座固定在顶部表面。然后，将两个 Y 导轨与连接轴和两个隔膜接头连接。拧紧接头的锁紧螺钉以同步两个导轨的轴。将六个螺母放入 Z 导轨的后槽中，用螺钉将直三角框架的一侧连接到 Z 导轨的背面。将三角形框架拉到轴的末端，然后拧紧螺钉。以相同方式将另一个直角三角形框架连接到其他 Z 导轨。用螺钉将两个三角形框架的其他直角边固定到两个 Y 导轨的滑块上。接下来，将两个 Z 导轨与连接轴和隔膜接头连接，并拧紧联轴器的锁紧螺钉。用螺母和螺钉将两个 T 形连接板连接到 X 导轨背面。然后，将两个 T 形板拉到 X 导轨的两端并拧紧螺钉。用螺钉将两个 T 形连接板固定到两个 Z 导轨的滑块上。将步进电机插入齿轮减速器的轴孔中，并将法兰拧在一起。最后，将连接环拧到 X 导轨的轴端。将齿轮减头轴插入接头，并将齿轮减速器拧到连接环上。拧紧联轴器的锁紧螺钉。首先将触摸传感器放入物体主体的凹槽中，然后用双面胶带将其粘在预定义的触摸区域上。将电线穿过物体背板的孔，用螺钉将盖板固定到物体主体上。然后，将导线穿过旋转器两侧的孔，然后将物体拧到旋转器上。将触摸传感器的导线端焊接到电动滑环的旋转线端，然后用电气胶带包裹接头。将外壳拧到 X 导轨的滑块上。将轴承放在箱底孔中。接下来，将旋转器从右侧放入外壳，并通过外壳的顶部孔传递电滑环的导线。然后，将金属轴从外壳的顶部孔插入轴承，并将轴键安装到旋转器的钥匙道上。在金属轴周围设置电动滑环。将定位杆的端点放入电动滑环的凹口中，以防止外圈旋转。将步进电机轴插入金属轴孔，用螺钉将电机固定在箱顶上。用胶带将三色 LED 贴在外壳的正面。最后，将右侧板拧到外壳上。将步进电机、LED 和触摸传感器的控制线插入数据采集板的数字端口。要初始化三维平移设备和车削台，请将所有线性滑轨的滑块拉到起点，然后转动车削台的第一个对象以面对车削台的正面。接下来，在文本文档中输入矩阵中所有位置的坐标。确保每行包含一个位置的 X、Y 和 Z 坐标，该坐标用空格分隔，然后保存文档。然后，打开范例软件，单击"池"面板中的"打开文件"，然后选择文本文档将演示位置加载到范例软件中。检查要在范例软件的对象池中显示的对象。然后，调整范式软件的时间参数面板中的实验参数。将基线设置为 400 毫秒，电机运行等于 2000 毫秒，规划等于 1000 毫秒，最大反应时间等于 500 毫秒，最大到达时间等于 1000 毫秒，最小保持时间等于 500 毫秒，奖励等于 60 毫秒，提示错误等于 1000 毫秒。接下来，将猴子椅固定到铝结构框架上。用双面胶带在手臂的端面上连接三个反光标记。确保三个标记形成比例三角形。然后，在范例软件中，单击"运行"以启动任务。单击 Cortex 软件的运动捕获面板上的"记录"按钮，在猴子执行任务时记录三个标记的轨迹 60 秒。单击"停止"按钮以结束实验。使用记录的轨迹在软件上构建三个标记的跟踪模板并保存模板。然后，将前端放大器的接地线连接到植入猴子运动皮层的微电极阵列的接地。将头部阶段插入微电子阵列的连接器中。打开神经信号采集系统的中央软件。打开同步软件。单击 Cerebus、运动捕获和范式面板中的三个连接按钮，分别将同步软件与神经信号采集系统、运动捕获系统和范式软件连接。最后，单击范例软件的"运行"按钮以重新开始任务，然后单击中央软件的文件存储面板上的"记录"按钮，开始记录神经信号。检查保存的跟踪模板，然后单击 Cortex 软件的运动捕获面板上的"记录"按钮，开始记录猴子手腕的轨迹。在所有成功试验的到达阶段，手腕的轨迹被提取，并根据目标位置分为八组。八组轨迹的末端形成一个长方体，其大小与预定义的立体体工作区相同。在这里，近位时间直方图显示了两个神经元调整到达位置和对象显示的例子。顶部的神经元在达到和保持阶段表现出显著的选择性。当底部的神经元开始从电机运行阶段中间调整位置和物体时。由于范式软件无法读取电机的位置，因此必须在每个会话之前初始化车削台和转换设备。为了完全控制主体何时能看到目标物体及其位置，可以在设备前面安装一个可切换的玻璃。通过使用我们的仪器，现在研究到达和抓地力运动之间的神经相互作用是可行的，这可能有助于同时解码到达轨迹和抓地力类型。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies

传输认知任务的脑成像方法：对任务的设计和结果判读的功能磁共振成像研究

As cognitive neuroscience methods develop, established experimental tasks are used with emerging brain imaging modalities. Here transferring a paradigm ...

科研

行为学

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise

小鼠运动耐力的评估没有一个冲击电网的使用：另一种强迫运动

Using laboratory mouse models, the molecular pathways responsible for the metabolic benefits of endurance exercise are beginning to be defined. The most ...

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

设计的功能磁共振成像研究与实现研究思想抑制在年轻妇女，以及在风险，为抑郁症

Ruminative brooding is associated with increased vulnerability to major depression. Individuals who regularly ruminate will often try to reduce the ...

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in  Free Moving Rodents

基于自动 T 迷宫的自由移动啮齿动物延迟和努力决策分析装置及协议

Many neurological and psychiatric patients demonstrate difficulties and/or deficits in decision making. Rodent models are helpful to produce a deeper ...

3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents

3D运动性步态分析,用于啮齿动物的临床前研究

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of ...

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

设计轻度认知障碍有效选择性筛查的机器学习方法

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the first sign of dementia among elderly populations and its early detection is crucial in our aging societies. Common ...

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

在受控实验室条件下呈现真实物体的方法

Our knowledge of human object vision is based almost exclusively on studies in which the stimuli are presented in the form of computerized two-dimensional ...

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

一种基于惯性测量单元的方法，以评估场上团队运动运动员的臀部和膝盖关节运动学

Current athlete monitoring practice in team sports is mainly based on positional data measured by global positioning or local positioning systems. The ...

Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research

触觉振动工具包和驾驶模拟平台，用于驾驶相关研究

Collision warning system plays a key role in the prevention of driving distractions and drowsy driving. Previous studies have proven the advantages of ...

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

一种评估智能手机键盘设计的评估方法和工具包

Keyboard input has played an essential role in human-computer interaction with a vast user base, and the keyboard design has always been one of the ...