Name: transcranial direct current stimulation for online gamers
Uploaded: 2019-11-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了韩国国家研究基金会（NRF）的支持，由科学和ICT部资助（2015M3C7A1064832，2015M3C7A1028373，2018M3AA3058651）和国家卫生研究院（NIHNIMH 1R01MH11896，NIH-NINDS）1R01NS101362）。

本议定书中提出的所有实验程序均已获得机构审查委员会的批准，符合《赫尔辛基宣言》。
1. 研究参与者
<ol><li>招募报告他们玩网络游戏的个人（玩家组）和报告他们不玩网络游戏（非玩家组）的个人。 注：在这里，我们包括有两个或两个以上IGD症状的个人根据精神障碍的诊断和统计手册-523或那些谁玩游戏平均每天至少一小时在玩家组。?...

<ol>
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我们为在线游戏玩家提供了tDCS和神经成像协议，并评估了其可行性。结果表明，在DLPFC上反复的tDCS会话减少了网络游戏成瘾症状和花在游戏上的平均时间，并增强了自我控制力。自我控制力的增强与成瘾症状的减少有关。此外，在玩家组中的 tDCS 会话后，DLPFC 中右侧大于左侧的 rCMRglu 的异常不对称得到了改进。这些结果可能建议tDCS在减少在线游戏使用方面的可行性。然而，由于我们的实验没有?...

近年来，人们越来越关注网络游戏过度使用，因为有报道称网络游戏对心理健康和日常功能有负面影响，并带有网络游戏障碍（IGD）。虽然几种治疗策略，包括药物治疗和认知行为疗法已经评估，其有效性的证据是有限的4。
先前的研究表明，IGD可能与其他行为成瘾和物质使用障碍5、6具有临床和神经生物学的相似性。据报道，侧侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC）与物质和行为成瘾的病理生理学密切相关，如渴望7、冲动控制8、决策9和认知灵活性10。一些关于IGD的神经成像研究已经报告DLPFC6的结构和功能损伤。特别是，结构神经成像研究表明，DLPFC11、12的灰质密度降低，功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究发现IGD13患者的DLPFC中一种改变的Cued诱导活性。此外，大脑的功能不对称可能导致冲动和渴望成瘾，包括IGD。例如，提示引起的对在线游戏的渴望可能与右前场激活14有关。然而，与其他大脑缺陷15相比，与过度使用在线游戏或IGD相关的区域脑代谢率（rCMRglu）的变化仍有待进一步调查。
颅内直流刺激（tDCS）是一种非侵入性脑刺激技术，通过连接到头皮的电极施加弱电流（1-2 mA）来调节神经元膜电位。一般来说，在阳极电极下，皮质兴奋度增加，阴极电极16下降低。tDCS 已成为一种流行方法，因为它与其他脑刺激技术（如颅内磁刺激 （TMS））相比，简单、廉价且安全，使用磁脉冲在线圈下的大脑组织中产生电流。根据最近的审查，使用传统的tDCS协议没有产生任何严重的副作用或不可逆转的伤害，只与轻度和暂时瘙痒或刺痛的感觉在刺激区域17。
多项研究已显示tDCS18、19、20和重复性TMS21、22在DLPFC治疗行为和物质成瘾方面的良好结果。然而，还需要进一步研究，以研究大脑刺激技术对网络游戏使用和大脑基本变化的影响。
本研究的目的是提出一个协议，在DLPFC和神经成像上应用tDCS的重复会话，使用18个F-氟-2-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（FDG-PET）检查玩家中的基础神经相关性，并评估其可行性。具体来说，我们专注于成瘾症状的变化、花在游戏上的平均时间、自我控制以及 DLPFC 中 rCMRglu 的不对称性。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1425px;" width="1425">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Discovery STE PET/CT Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:389px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td style="width:576px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">MarsBaR region of interest toolbox for SPM</td>
			<td style="width:389px;">Matthew Brett</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>Neuroimaging analysis software; http://marsbar.sourceforge.net/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Statistical Parametric Mapping 12</td>
			<td>Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>Neuroimaging analysis software; https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:299px;">Transcranial direct current stimulation device</td>
			<td style="width:389px;">Ybrain</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">YDS-301N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">WFU_PickAtlas</td>
			<td colspan="2">ANSIR Laboratory, Wake Forest University School of Medicine</td>
			<td>Neuroimaging analysis software; https://www.nitrc.org/projects/wfu_pickatlas/</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transcranial direct current stimulation for online gamers

颅内直流刺激（tDCS）是一种非侵入性脑刺激技术，将弱电流施加到头皮上调节神经元膜电位。与其他大脑刺激方法相比，tDCS 相对安全、简单且管理成本低廉。
由于过度的在线游戏会对心理健康和日常功能产生负面影响，因此有必要为游戏玩家开发治疗方案。虽然在侧侧前额叶皮质 （DLPFC） 的 tDCS 已经显示出各种成瘾的有希望的结果， 它还没有在游戏玩家测试.本文介绍了在DLPFC和神经成像上应用重复tDCS来检查游戏玩家中潜在的神经相关性的协议和可行性研究。
在基线，玩网络游戏的个人报告平均每周花在游戏上的时间，完成关于成瘾症状和自我控制的完整问卷，并接受大脑18个F-氟-2-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（FDG-PET）。tDCS 协议包括 12 个会话通过 DLPFC 持续 4 周（阳极 F3/阴极 F4，每个会话 2 mA，每次 30 分钟）。然后，使用与基线相同的协议进行后续操作。不玩网络游戏的个人只收到基线FDG-PET扫描没有tDCS。在玩家中检查DLPFC中葡萄糖（rCMRglu）区域脑代谢率的临床特征变化和不对称性。此外，在基线上比较了玩家和非玩家之间的rCMRglu的不对称性。
在我们的实验中，15 名玩家接受了 tDCS 会话并完成了基线和后续扫描。十名非玩家在基线处接受了FDG-PET扫描。tDCS 减少了成瘾症状，花费在游戏上的时间，并增强了自我控制力。此外，在tDCS之后，DLPFC在基线的rCMRglu异常不对称得到了缓解。
目前的协议可能有用的评估治疗效果的tDCS及其潜在的大脑变化在游戏玩家。进一步的随机虚假控制研究是有必要的。此外，该协议可应用于其他神经和精神疾病。

共招募了15名游戏玩家（表1）和10名非游戏玩家。玩家组（21.3 ~ 1.4）的平均年龄明显低于非玩家组（28.8 ~ 7.5）（t = -3.81，p < 0.001）。玩家组有 8 名男子，非玩家组有 6 名男子（+2 = 0.11，p = 0.74）。
使用线性混合模型的行为结果表明，tDCS 会话成功地降低了 IAT 分数（z = -4.29，p < 0.001），每周玩游戏的时间（z = -2.41，p = 0.02），并提高了玩家组中的 BSCS 分数?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers at JoVE.com

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

我们提出了在网络游戏玩家中应用颅内直流刺激（tDCS）和神经成像评估的协议和可行性研究。

在线玩家的颅内直接电流刺激

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that applies a weak electric current to the scalp to modulate ...

我们的协议使用一种称为颅内直流刺激（tDCS）的非侵入性大脑调制技术，以减少在线游戏的使用。与其他大脑刺激技术相比，tDCS管理简单、安全且价格低廉。我们还使用神经成像来评估与刺激相关的大脑变化。在招募在线游戏和非在线游戏参与者后，向每位参与者解释研究的目的、主要实验程序以及参与研究相关的任何潜在风险。回答任何问题后，获得书面同意。让每位参与者填写问卷，如网络成瘾测试和简要自我控制量表;并要求参与者报告每周平均玩游戏的时间。要执行FDG PET扫描，给每位参与者注射185至222兆方的FDG;让参与者在一个黑暗而安静的房间里休息45分钟，闭着眼睛，让FDG吸收。在吸收期结束时，使用 PET/CT 扫描仪在大约 15 分钟内获取跨轴发射图像和 CT 图像，应用标准的衰减校正、过滤和重建技术。在基线评估后一周内，将学员放在考场的椅子上，并设置 tDCS 设备的参数，在 30 秒内增加至 2 毫安。保持此电流 29 分钟，然后在过去 30 秒内返回零毫安。将按照国际 10-20 系统构建的头部盖放在参与者的头上，并在 F3 处标记左侧前额皮质，在 F4 处标记右前额皮质。取下头盖后，将两个海绵电极放在 tDCS 头带的橡胶支架中，用盐水溶液浸泡电极。去除头皮上任何将应用电极的化妆品、污垢或汗液，并将头带放在参与者的头上，将带子放在 F3 上，阴极放在 F4 上。然后使用电缆将电极连接到 tDCS 设备。打开设备，让学员在 tDCS 会话期间或之后报告任何负面影响。在 30 分钟的刺激结束时，关闭设备并从参与者那里取出电极。在上一课后一周内，管理相同的调查问卷，并获得治疗后FDG-PET扫描。对于映像数据的预处理，请使用适当的软件包将 DICOM 文件转换为 NIfTI 文件，并在空间上将所有 PET 映像规范化为标准 PET 模板。为左、右前额皮质创建二进制蒙版后，使用蒙版提取左、右前额皮质葡萄糖的区域脑代谢率。然后计算前额前额皮质葡萄糖区域脑代谢率的不对称指数。阳性指数表示右大于左糖代谢不对称。在这项代表性分析中，共招募了15名游戏玩家和10名非游戏玩家。tDCS 会话成功降低了网络成瘾测试分数和每周玩游戏的时间，并提高了游戏玩家的简短自我控制量表分数。在网络成瘾测试分数的变化和玩家的"简要自我控制量表"分数中观察到的变化之间也发现了显著的负相关关系。PET分析表明，多索勒特前额叶皮质的不对称指数在基线玩家组和非玩家组之间有显著差异。值得注意的是，在tDCS会话之后，玩家组中多索勒特前额叶皮质的不对称指数显著下降。执行此过程时，必须确保参数设置正确，并且电极在刺激站点上精确定位。可将有源 tDCS 与 Sham tDCS 进行比较，以验证其有效性。此外，其他神经成像方法，如fMRI，可以用来评估大脑的变化。这些方案可以适应探索新的治疗方案，或其他精神或神经疾病。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

同时脑电图监测在经颅直流电刺激

Transcranial  direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that delivers weak electric  currents through the scalp. This constant electric current ...

科研

行为学

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

刺激唇部运动皮层与经颅磁刺激

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has proven to be a useful tool in investigating the role of the articulatory motor cortex in speech perception. ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous  Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

经颅直流电刺激和同步功能磁共振成像

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that uses weak electrical currents administered to the scalp ...

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

经颅磁刺激对调查因果脑 - 行为关系及其时间进程

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe, non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses a strong electromagnet in order to temporarily ...

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

调节认知使用小脑经颅直流电刺激

Numerous studies have emerged recently that demonstrate the possibility of modulating, and in some cases enhancing, cognitive processes by exciting brain ...

Methods to Test Visual Attention Online

方法在线测试视觉注意

Online data collection methods have particular appeal to behavioral scientists because they offer the promise of much larger and much more representative ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

多功能设置研究人类电机控制用经颅磁刺激，肌电图，运动捕捉和虚拟现实

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Neuronavigation-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia

神经导航引导下重复经颅磁刺激的失语

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely used for several neurological conditions, as it has gained acknowledgement for its potential ...

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

并行脑电图记录在经颅交流电刺激（TACS）

Oscillatory brain activities are considered to reflect the basis of rhythmic changes in transmission efficacy across brain networks and are assumed to ...