Name: customizing a cryolite glass prosthetic eye
Uploaded: 2019-10-31T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Customizing a Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eye at JoVE.com

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下列涉及人类参与者的议定书中执行的所有程序均符合科隆大学机构研究委员会的道德标准以及1964年《赫尔辛基宣言》及其后来的修正案，或可比的道德标准。
1. 假眼定制
<ol><li>根据与患者健康同仁的眼睛的最佳匹配光圈颜色，选择一只"半干"低温玻璃眼睛（图3）。</li>
	<li>检查当前假眼的安装情况。为此，让患者直视前方。特别注意假肢的保...

<ol>
	<li>Hintschich, C., Baldeschi, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rehabilitation+of+anophthalmic+patients.+Results+of+a+survey.">Rehabilitation of anophthalmic patients. Results of a survey.</a> Ophthalmologe. 98 (1), 74-80 (2001).</li><li>Rokohl, A. C., Mor, J. M., Trester, M., Koch, K. R., Heindl, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rehabilitation+of+Anophthalmic+Patients+with+Prosthetic+Eyes+in+Germany+Today+-+Supply+Possibilities,+Daily+Use,+Complications+and+Psychological+Aspects.">Rehabilitation of Anophthalmic Patients with Prosthetic Eyes in Germany Today - Supply Possibilities, Daily Use, Complications and Psychological Aspects.</a> Klinische Monatsbl&#228;tter Augenheilkunde. 236 (1), 54-62 (2019).</li><li>Rokohl, A. C., Koch, K. R., Trester, M., Heindl, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryolite+glass+ocular+prostheses+and+coralline+hydroxyapatite+implants+for+eye+replacement+following+enucleation.">Cryolite glass ocular prostheses and coralline hydroxyapatite implants for eye replacement following enucleation.</a> Ophthalmologe. 115 (9), 793-794 (2018).</li><li>Rokohl, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concerns+of+anophthalmic+patients-a+comparison+between+cryolite+glass+and+polymethyl+methacrylate+prosthetic+eye+wearers.">Concerns of anophthalmic patients-a comparison between cryolite glass and polymethyl methacrylate prosthetic eye wearers.</a> Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 256 (6), 1203-1208 (2018).</li><li>Rokohl, A. C., Trester, M., Pine, K. R., Heindl, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Risk+of+breakage+of+cryolite+glass+prosthetic+eyes.">Risk of breakage of cryolite glass prosthetic eyes.</a> Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 257 (2), 437-438 (2019).</li><li>den Tonkelaar, I., Henkes, H. E., van Leersum, G. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Herman+Snellen+(1834-1908)+and+Muller's+'reform-auge'.+A+short+history+of+the+artificial+eye.">Herman Snellen (1834-1908) and Muller's 'reform-auge'. A short history of the artificial eye.</a> Documenta Ophthalmologica. 77 (4), 349-354 (1991).</li><li>Koch, K. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ocular+prosthetics.+Fitting,+daily+use+and+complications.">Ocular prosthetics. Fitting, daily use and complications.</a> Ophthalmologe. 113 (2), 133-142 (2016).</li><li>Pine, K. R., Sloan, B. H., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Clinical ocular prosthetics. 1st ed. , (2015).</li><li>Buckel, M., Bovet, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+eye+as+an+art+form:+the+ocular+prosthesis.">The eye as an art form: the ocular prosthesis.</a> Klinische Monatsbl&#228;tter Augenheilkunde. 200 (5), 594-595 (1992).</li><li>Rokohl, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concerns+of+Anophthalmic+Patients+Wearing+Cryolite+Glass+Prosthetic+Eyes.">Concerns of Anophthalmic Patients Wearing Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eyes.</a> Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 34 (4), 369-374 (2018).</li><li>Rokohl, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryolite+glass+prosthetic+eyes-the+response+of+the+anophthalmic+socket.">Cryolite glass prosthetic eyes-the response of the anophthalmic socket.</a> Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. , (2019).</li><li>Thiesmann, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motility+and+lid+changes+with+coralline+hydroxyapatite+orbital+implants+and+cryolite+glass+ocular+prostheses.">Motility and lid changes with coralline hydroxyapatite orbital implants and cryolite glass ocular prostheses.</a> Ophthalmologe. 115 (9), 794-796 (2018).</li><li>Thiesmann, R., Anagnostopoulos, A., Stemplewitz, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+results+of+the+compatibility+of+a+coralline+hydroxyapatite+implant+as+eye+replacement.">Long-term results of the compatibility of a coralline hydroxyapatite implant as eye replacement.</a> Ophthalmologe. 115 (2), 131-136 (2018).</li><li>Chin, K., Margolin, C. B., Finger, P. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+ocular+prosthesis+insertion+improves+quality+of+life+after+enucleation.">Early ocular prosthesis insertion improves quality of life after enucleation.</a> Optometry. 77 (2), 71-75 (2006).</li><li>Pine, K., Sloan, B., Stewart, J., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concerns+of+anophthalmic+patients+wearing+artificial+eyes.">Concerns of anophthalmic patients wearing artificial eyes.</a> Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 39 (1), 47-52 (2011).</li><li>Pine, K. R., Sloan, B., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biosocial+profile+of+New+Zealand+prosthetic+eye+wearers.">Biosocial profile of New Zealand prosthetic eye wearers.</a> New Zealand Medical Journal. 125 (1363), 29-38 (2012).</li><li>Pine, K. R., Sloan, B., Stewart, J., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+response+of+the+anophthalmic+socket+to+prosthetic+eye+wear.">The response of the anophthalmic socket to prosthetic eye wear.</a> Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 96 (4), 388-393 (2013).</li><li>Pine, K. R., Sloan, B. H., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+proposed+model+of+the+response+of+the+anophthalmic+socket+to+prosthetic+eye+wear+and+its+application+to+the+management+of+mucoid+discharge.">A proposed model of the response of the anophthalmic socket to prosthetic eye wear and its application to the management of mucoid discharge.</a> Medical Hypotheses. 81 (2), 300-305 (2013).</li><li>Pine, N. S., de Terte, I., Pine, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+investigation+into+discharge,+visual+perception,+and+appearance+concerns+of+prosthetic+eye+wearers.">An investigation into discharge, visual perception, and appearance concerns of prosthetic eye wearers.</a> Orbit. 36 (6), 401-406 (2017).</li><li>Pine, K. R., Sloan, B., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+measurement+tools+for+prosthetic+eye+research.">The development of measurement tools for prosthetic eye research.</a> Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 96 (1), 32-38 (2013).</li><li>Pine, K. R., Sloan, B., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deposit+buildup+on+prosthetic+eyes+and+implications+for+conjunctival+inflammation+and+mucoid+discharge.">Deposit buildup on prosthetic eyes and implications for conjunctival inflammation and mucoid discharge.</a> Clinical Ophthalmology. 6, 1755-1762 (2012).</li><li>Pine, K., Sloan, B., Stewart, J., Jacobs, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+survey+of+prosthetic+eye+wearers+to+investigate+mucoid+discharge.">A survey of prosthetic eye wearers to investigate mucoid discharge.</a> Clinical Ophthalmology. 6, 707-713 (2012).</li><li>H&#228;rting, F., Fl&#246;rke, O. W., Bornfeld, N., Trester, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+changes+in+glass+eye+prostheses.">Surface changes in glass eye prostheses.</a> Klinische Monatsbl&#228;tter Augenheilkunde. 185 (4), 272-275 (1984).</li><li>Worrell, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hollow+Prosthetic+Eyes.">Hollow Prosthetic Eyes.</a> Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 32 (6), 132-135 (2016).</li><li>Minoura, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibacterial+effects+of+the+artificial+surface+of+nanoimprinted+moth-eye+film.">Antibacterial effects of the artificial surface of nanoimprinted moth-eye film.</a> PLoS One. 12 (9), 0185366 (2017).</li><li>Litwin, A. S., Worrell, E., Roos, J. C., Edwards, B., Malhotra, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Can+We+Improve+the+Tolerance+of+an+Ocular+Prosthesis+by+Enhancing+Its+Surface+Finish.">Can We Improve the Tolerance of an Ocular Prosthesis by Enhancing Its Surface Finish.</a> Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. , (2017).</li><li>Kavlekar, A. A., Aras, M. A., Chitre, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+innovative+and+simple+approach+to+fabricate+a+hollow+ocular+prosthesis+with+functional+lubricant+reservoir:+A+solution+to+artificial+eye+comfort.">An innovative and simple approach to fabricate a hollow ocular prosthesis with functional lubricant reservoir: A solution to artificial eye comfort.</a> The Journal of the Indian Prosthodontic Society. 17 (2), 196-202 (2017).</li></ol>

在植入轨道后，必须插入一个结物两周（图1），以防止结膜的疤痕，并随后插入假肢2，3，4 ，7，12，13.由于早期眼假肢插入可改善精细胞后的生活质量，并确保更好的康复，低温玻璃假眼佩戴者在手术后两<...

本手稿的目的是全面展示在德语国家以外长期被遗忘的定制低温玻璃假肢的制造技术（图1）。本手稿还重点介绍了此技术的主要优点。其中包括由于消防抛光而使假体的非常光滑的表面，由于空心设计，假肢重量轻，患者满意度高，并且只需预约一次定制假肢1 ，2，3，4，5.本文还给眼科医生更好的见解，眼科护理，以提高必要的专业间协作1，2，3，4， 5.
1832年，来自德国图林根州的玻璃吹制者路德维希·乌里·穆勒根据法国4号制造的一流型号研制出低温玻璃假眼。与以前的玻璃眼4、6、7、8相比，低温玻璃的优点、更好的耐受性、更容易加工和更长的耐久性。荷兰眼科医生赫尔曼·斯内伦在1880年4、6、7、8日用这种低温玻璃制作了一只轻质空心假眼。这种轻巧的假眼，Snellen'改革眼'，增加了假眼的体积，导致更好地适应更大的眼窝后，引入的封闭程序，使麻醉和阿塞普塞斯4，8.二十年后，低温玻璃已成为假肢眼最常用的材料。德国已发展成为全球假眼制造中心2、4、5、7、8。第二次世界大战开始时，德语的低温玻璃眼在德语区之外变得不可用。因此，（聚）甲基丙烯酸酯（PMMA）成为假眼4、7、8的替代材料，而今天PMMA是全球假肢最常用的材料4 ，5，8.尽管如此，在德语国家，超过90%的眼科医生仍然使用图林根州2、3、4、5的低温玻璃制造定制假肢。 7，8，9，10，11，12，13。每个定制的低温玻璃假眼都分两步生产：第一步是生产一个"半完成"的低温玻璃眼，符合具有虹膜和孔的白色球体（图2）。第二个决定性的步骤是为各自的患者定制"半完成"低温玻璃假眼。为此，根据与患者健康同仁眼睛的最佳配光膜颜色，从数千只（图3）中选择一个"半干"低温玻璃眼。
以下协议为特定患者定制了选定的"半完成"低温玻璃眼。此步骤持续约 25-35 分钟。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:697px;">Bunsen burner with gas and air flow over a fire-resistant worktop made from anodised stainless steel</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hollow skewer</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ocularist forceps</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Preheated metal container to 500 degree celsius</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pre-produced &#34;half-done&#34; cryolite glass eye</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Transparent glass stem</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Various preproduced glass stems in different colors</td>
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customizing a cryolite glass prosthetic eye

在德国、奥地利和瑞士，超过 90% 的眼科医生仍使用图林根州的低温玻璃制造定制假肢。本手稿详细展示了这种被遗忘已久的技术。本手稿显示了与聚物（甲基丙烯酸酯）（PMMA）相比，使用低温玻璃制造假眼的一些主要优点。这些优势包括假肢重量较轻、患者满意度较高，以及定制制造所需的一次预约。潜在的破损风险似乎不是玻璃假眼佩戴者的一个关键劣势。然而，在一些患者中，由于眼罩套位并发症（如核后套接线综合征、疤痕的肛门或轨道植入物暴露），制造合适的假眼是不可能的或合理的。本文让眼科医生对眼科护理有了更好的了解，以便改善眼科医生和眼科医生之间必不可少的专业间协作。

最佳效果包括一个新的假肢低温玻璃眼，适合非常好，舒适，具有良好的运动性，与假眼的外观，包括眼睑轮廓，几乎是对称的健康同胞的眼睛（图12）。
如果新的假肢低温玻璃眼睛适合和舒适，则会产生次优效果，但外观效果存在顾虑。如果假肢不能完美贴合，外观（包括眼睑轮廓）可能与健康的眼睛不对称。在这种情况下，假肢最终可以重新设计。...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Customizing a Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eye at JoVE.com

Customizing a Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eye

本手稿展示了定制低温玻璃假眼的每个步骤，包括使用低温玻璃制造眼假体与聚物（甲基甲基丙烯酸酯）相比的一些主要优势。此外，这份手稿使眼科医生能够更好地了解眼科护理，从而改善专业间的合作。

定制低温玻璃假眼

In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, over 90% of ocularists still manufacture customized prostheses using cryolite glass from Thuringia. The present ...

PMMA 是目前全球最常见的假眼使用材料。然而，在德国、奥地利和瑞士，超过90%的眼科专家仍在使用 Turnia 的低温石玻璃制造定制假肢。这些见解将有助于改善眼科医生和眼科医生之间的基本和专业合作。使用环石玻璃制造假眼的主要优点是空心和非常轻巧的设计，非常光滑的表面减少插座炎症，良好的美容效果与高水平的患者满意度。此外，对于制造低温石玻璃假眼，只需要预约一次。一小时后，患者可以给眼科医生留下新的假肢，而PMMA假眼需要三到四次预约。要开始这个程序，选择一个半完成的低温石玻璃眼睛的基础上，匹配虹膜颜色最好的病人的健康同胞的眼睛。通过让患者直视前方，检查当前假眼的安装情况。特别注意假肢的保留、观察方向、运动性、眼睑轮廓以及当前假肢的大小和体积。然后，在隐形眼镜吸盘的帮助下取出当前的假眼镜，用于硬隐形眼镜。检查没有假肢的肛门眼窝，并注意结膜的潜在炎症，轨道植入物的体积填充，如果轨道植入物是可见的通过结膜，如果前额和磺酸足够深，以适合假肢。如果对其中一个点有任何重大顾虑，在制造新的假肢之前，应进行眼科外科医生的检查。接下来，使用眼动钳拾起选定的半完成低温石玻璃眼，用另一只手拾起一个空心偏斜器。使用 Bunsen 燃烧器，将眼睛和偏斜器慢慢加热到 600 摄氏度，确保持续旋转眼睛并熔化偏斜器到玻璃眼的开端。使用玻璃材料进行眼假化是相当关键的。连续加热、不过热以及流体工作流程对于防止过程中温度破裂非常重要。在此之后，打开钳子，放下它们，继续加热半完成玻璃眼。使用健康同胞的眼睛作为结膜血管的颜色、形状和数量的模型，用不同颜色的加热玻璃茎在玻璃眼的白色sclera上绘制血管。加热整个半做玻璃眼，同时连续旋转它，使绘制的容器与白色低温石玻璃合并，产生非常光滑的表面。然后，通过吸力和吹入喉舌，修改低温石玻璃假眼的形状和体积。偶尔在邦森燃烧器的火焰中旋转玻璃眼。使用旧假肢作为此过程的模板，但如有必要，请根据先前检查的结果修改新假肢的形状和体积。接下来，加热透明玻璃干，并在玻璃眼的瞳孔上熔化，同时持续旋转眼睛。旋转眼睛时，融化假肢后部的玻璃，并在喉舌的帮助下通过吸力减少后部的体积，使背面的形状几乎等于样品假体或所需形状。将前侧的玻璃干熔化，并再次加热假肢前部，以产生非常光滑的表面。使用钳子抓住假肢的正面，并在倾斜器的帮助下形成背面的最终形状。然后，融化倾斜器。加热整个假肢，再次进行火抛光，尤其是背面。并确保旋转假肢，直到表面非常光滑。将光滑的假肢放入加热的金属容器中，让它慢慢冷却。在此之后，插入假肢并检查接头，如前所述。如有必要，使用同一工艺再次修改假肢的形状。在这项研究中，定制了一个空心双壁冷冻玻璃假眼。最佳结果包括一个新的假体冷冻石玻璃眼，非常适合，舒适，有一个良好的运动能力，并具有外观，包括眼睑轮廓，这是几乎对称的健康同胞的眼睛。在这里，您可以看到由典型的深硫化综合征引起的次优结果，这是很难处理的。单靠假肢很难填满轨道的上部，因为它是轨道脂肪萎缩和超强肌肉松弛的组合。假肢是舒适的穿，但为了达到一个最佳的整容结果，在这个病人手术干预是必要的。除了如何制作和安装眼玻璃假肢的知识，我们总是要检查患者的眼窝，看看在过去的一年里可能的变化，因为我们必须根据变化改变新的假玻璃眼。总之，制作一个适合和看起来良好的假眼镜眼只是一个实践问题，也是一个经验问题，导致在德国的眼科医生超过六年的培训期。这段视频让眼科医生对眼科患者的眼科护理有更深入的见解。与PMMA相比，使用低温石玻璃制造假眼也显示出一些优势。然而，一些分歧尚未详细确定，特别是材料的影响，应在未来的研究中加以解决。不过，我想强调眼科医生和眼科医生在这些眼科患者的临床护理中良好的专业合作非常重要。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Mouse Model of the Cornea Pocket Assay for Angiogenesis Study

一个小鼠模型角膜血管生成研究掌上含量

A normal cornea is clear of vascular tissues. However, blood vessels can be induced to grow and survive in the cornea when potent angiogenic factors are ...

科研

医学

Multifocal Electroretinograms

多焦视网膜电

A limitation of traditional full-field electroretinograms (ERG) for the diagnosis of retinopathy is lack of sensitivity.  Generally, ERG results are ...

Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty

供体角膜内皮角膜移植术的组织准备

Over the past ten years, corneal transplantation surgical techniques have undergone revolutionary changes1,2. Since its inception, traditional full ...

Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty

角膜供体组织准备后弹力层内皮角膜移植术

Descemet&#8217;s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) is a form of corneal transplantation in which only a single cell layer, the corneal endothelium, ...

A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits

一种用于兔视网膜下手术分步协议

Age related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and other RPE related diseases are the most common causes for irreversible loss of vision in ...

Fluorescent Dye Labeling of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes for Studying the Flow Dynamics in Mouse Retinal Circulation

用于研究小鼠视网膜循环中流动动力学的红细胞和白细胞的荧光染料标记

The retinal and choroidal blood flow dynamics may provide insight into the pathophysiology and sequelae of various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, ...

Puncture-Induced Iris Neovascularization as a Mouse Model of Rubeosis Iridis

穿刺诱导的虹膜新生血管虹膜虹膜小鼠模型的建立

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

在兔子中使用完全的白眼切除术建立严重干眼模型

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

A Porcine Corneal Endothelial Organ Culture Model Using Split Corneal Buttons

使用分裂的角质按钮的孔膜内皮器官培养模型

Experimental research on corneal endothelial cells is associated with several difficulties. Human donor corneas are scarce and rarely available for ...

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

使用自动赫希伯格测试应用程序评估眼部对齐

A smartphone app has been developed to perform the automated photographic Hirschberg test for objective measurement of ocular misalignment. By computing ...