Name: production of a strain-measuring device with an improved 3d printer
Uploaded: 2020-01-30T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了中国国家自然科学基金（第51805009号）的资助。

1. 扩增机制的组装
<ol><li>构建一个实验平台，包括改进的3D打印机，应变表指示器，驱动装置，支撑框架，铝棒，PDMS镜头，智能手机，重量，印刷放大器（补充图1）和应变片，如图1所示。</li>
	<li>将打印机每一层的高度设置为尼龙 0.05 mm，ABS 为 0.2 mm。在这两种情况下，将打印头的直径设置为 0.2 mm。将喷嘴温度设置为 220°C（用于尼龙）和 100°C（用于 ABS）。最...

<ol>
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H., Lee, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+automated+two-view+method+for+determining+strain+distributions+on+deformed+surfaces.">An automated two-view method for determining strain distributions on deformed surfaces.</a> Journal of Materials Shaping Technology. 6 (4), 205-216 (1988).</li><li>Zymelka, D., Yamashita, T., Takamatsu, S., Kobayashi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thin-film+flexible+sensor+for+omnidirectional+strain+measurements.">Thin-film flexible sensor for omnidirectional strain measurements.</a> Journal of Sensors and Actuators. 263, 391-397 (2017).</li><li>Li, R., Zhang, K., Cai, L., Chen, G., He, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+stretchable+ionic+conducting+hydrogels+for+strain/tactile+sensors.">Highly stretchable ionic conducting hydrogels for strain/tactile sensors.</a> Polymer. 167 (12), 154-158 (2019).</li><li>Liu, H., Macqueen, L. 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输出位移随着力集中在悬臂梁的自由端呈线性变化，并且与 FEA 模拟一致。放大器的灵敏度为尼龙的36.55 ± 0.53 μ/μm，ABS的灵敏度为36.03 ± 1.34 μ/μm。稳定的灵敏度证实了使用3D打印进行高精度传感器快速原型设计的可行性和有效性。放大器灵敏度高，无电磁干扰。此外，它们结构简单，体积小，重量轻。在打印过程中，必须根据多个变量（包括层厚度、喷嘴直径和进给速率）以不同方式设置不同?...

在现代工业中，获得轻而强的材料尤为重要。在使用1、2期间，材料的特性在受到应力、压力、扭转和弯曲振动的影响。因此，材料的应变测量对于分析其耐久性和故障排除使用非常重要。这种测量使工程师能够分析材料的耐久性并解决生产问题。工业中最常见的应变测量方法使用应变传感器3。传统的铝箔传感器因其成本低、可靠性好而得到广泛应用。他们测量电信号的变化，并将其转换为不同的输出信号5，6。但是，此方法忽略了被测对象中应变轮廓的细节，并且容易受到模拟信号振动电磁干扰的噪声的影响。开发准确、高度可重复且易于重复的材料应变测量方法在工程中非常重要。因此，正在研究其他方法。
近年来，纳米材料引起了研究者的极大兴趣。为了测量小物体的应变，Osborn等人提出了一种利用电子反散射（EBSD）测量3D纳米材料应变的方法。利用分子动力学，Lina等人9号研究了石墨烯的层间摩擦应变工程。使用雷利反向散射光谱（RBS）的分布式光纤应变测量，由于其高空间分辨率和灵敏度10，已广泛应用于故障检测和光学器件的评估。光栅光纤（FBG）11、12分布式应变传感器已广泛用于高精度应变测量13，其灵敏度对温度和应变。为了监测树脂注入后固化引起的应变变化，桑切斯等人14日将一个光纤传感器嵌入环氧碳纤维板中，并测量了整个应变过程。差分干涉对比度（DIC）是一种强大的测量方法，对场变形15、16、17等被广泛应用。通过比较所采集图像中测得的表面灰度水平变化，分析变形，计算应变。张等人19日提出了一种依靠增强粒子和DIC图像从传统DIC进化的方法。Vogel 和 Lee20使用自动双视图方法计算应变值。近年来，在颗粒增强复合材料中实现了同步的微观结构观测和应变测量。传统的应变传感器只能有效地测量一个方向的应变。Zymelka等人21日提出了一种全向柔性应变传感器，通过检测传感器电阻的变化，改进了传统的应变片方法。也可以使用生物或化学物质测量应变。例如，离子导电水凝胶是应变/触觉传感器的有效替代品，因为它们具有良好的抗拉性能和高灵敏度22，23。石墨烯及其复合材料具有优异的机械性能，具有高载波流动性，具有良好的压阻性24，25，26。因此，基于石墨烯的应变传感器已广泛应用于电子皮肤健康监测、可穿戴电子等领域27、28。
在这项工作中，提出了使用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）显微镜和扩增系统的概念应变测量。该器件不同于传统的应变片，因为它不需要电线或电气连接。此外，可以直接观察到位移。放大机构可以放置在被测试物体的任何位置，这大大提高了测量的可重复性。在这项研究中，3D打印技术制造了传感器和应变放大器。我们首先改进了 3D 打印机，以提高其满足我们需求的效率。球面挤出装置被设计为取代传统的单材料挤出机，由切片软件控制，以完成金属和塑料喷嘴的转换。改变了相应的成型平台，集成了位移感应装置（放大器）和读取装置（PDMS显微镜）。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ABS</td>
			<td>Hengli dejian plastic electrical products factory</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for printing 1.75 mm diameter wire for amplifying mechanism</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum 6063 T83 bar</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>The length, width and thickness of cantilever beam are 380 mm, 51 mm, and 3.8 mm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ANSYS</td>
			<td>ANSYS</td>
			<td>ANSYS 14.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CURA</td>
			<td>Ultimaker</td>
			<td>Cura 3.0</td>
			<td>Slicing softare,using with the improved 3D printer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curing agent</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PDMS and curing agent are mixed with the weight ratio of 10:1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Driving device</td>
			<td>Xinmingtian</td>
			<td>E00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Improved 3D printer and accessories</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Made by myself. The rotary spherical lifting platform is adopted. The spherical lifting platform is equipped with a nozzle and a pipette, which can be switched and printed freely. With a rotary printing platform, the platform temperature can be freely controlled.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iPhone 6</td>
			<td>Apple</td>
			<td>MG4A2CH/A</td>
			<td>8-megapixel sensor and the equivalent focus distance is 29mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magenetic stirrer</td>
			<td>SCILOGEX</td>
			<td>MS-H280-Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon</td>
			<td>Hengli dejian plastic electrical products factory</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for printing 1.75 mm diameter wire for amplifying mechanism</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDMS</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>SYLGARDDC184</td>
			<td>After the viscous mixture is heated and hardened, it can be combined with the lens amplification device of the mobile phone for image acquisition.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shape analyzer</td>
			<td>Gltech</td>
			<td>SURFIEW 4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solidworks</td>
			<td>Dassault Systems</td>
			<td>Solidworks 2017</td>
			<td>Assist to modelling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VISHAY strain gauge</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used to measure the strain produced in the experiment.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VISHAY strain gauge indicator</td>
			<td>Vishay</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Strain data acquisition.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

production of a strain-measuring device with an improved 3d printer

传统的应变测量传感器需要电气化，并且易受电磁干扰。为了解决传统应变片操作中模拟电信号的波动问题，本文提出了一种新的应变测量方法。它使用摄影技术通过放大机构指针位移的变化来显示应变变化。在智能手机相机中增加了一个焦距为7.16毫米的视觉聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）镜头，以生成一个镜头组，作为显微镜拍摄图像。其等效焦距为5.74毫米。丙烯酰胺苯乙烯（ABS）和尼龙放大器用于测试不同材料对传感器性能的影响。放大器和 PDMS 镜头的生产基于改进的 3D 打印技术。将所得数据与有限元分析结果进行比较，验证其有效性。ABS放大器的灵敏度为36.03 ± 1.34 μ/μm，尼龙放大器的灵敏度为36.55 ± 0.53 μ/μm。

当平台温度升高时，滴径和曲率半径减小，而接触角增加（图3）。因此，PDMS 的焦距增加。然而，对于高于220°C的平台温度，在液滴中观察到非常短的固化时间，并且不能扩展到平面凸的形状。这可以归因于在智能手机相机上粘附时连接面积低。因此，在所有测试中，只有220°C形成的软透镜作为放大镜。PDMS镜头的焦距为7.16毫米，光学功率为140m-1。液滴直径为2.831毫?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer at JoVE.com

Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer

本工作提供了一个应变测量传感器，由扩增机制和使用改进的3D打印机制造的聚二甲基硅氧烷显微镜组成。

使用改进的 3D 打印机生产应变测量设备

A traditional strain measurement sensor needs to be electrified and is susceptible to electromagnetic interference. In order to solve the fluctuations in ...

两相固体-液体制造还可用于各种研究领域的结构性微球材料的制造，包括电子、生物制药、能源和国防领域。该系统不需要电线或电气连接，并允许测量与微观结构变形相关的各种应用。在开始该程序之前，构建一个实验平台，包括经过改进的三元打印机、应变计指示器、驱动装置、支撑框架、铝棒、PDMS 镜头、智能手机、重量、打印放大器和应变片。将打印机中尼龙层的高度设置为 0.05 毫米。将打印头的直径设置为 0.2 毫米，将喷嘴温度设置为 220 摄氏度。将打印速度设置为每分钟 2000 毫米。调整球面挤出头的方向，使金属喷嘴面向低温平台并打印轮廓，以确保正常挤出。然后将尼龙挂在柱子上。前端必须进入印刷线圈容器，才能被金属喷嘴熔化。要组装 PDMS 显微镜，请使用磁搅拌器将 PDMS 前体的重量比混合为固化剂溶液，并解气 40 分钟。拆下所有气泡后，将混合物倒入球面挤出头的 PDMS 容器中，并旋转球面挤出头和平台，使塑料喷嘴面向高温平台。将塑料喷嘴增量设置为 50 微升，并使用 Z 轴中的喷嘴旋转和步进电机将移液器装置的底端放在离模具 20 毫米远的地方。然后加热高温平台并挤压 PDMS 容器以打印 PDMS 镜头。当打印的 PDMS 镜头冷却到室温时，请使用橡胶钳将其从打印机上卸下。要执行负载测试应变测量，请使用螺母和螺栓将 380 的一端 51 到 3.8 毫米铝 6063-T83 bar 固定在操作台上，并在悬臂梁的自由端绘制一个十字和 160 毫米。要去除梁上的氧化层，请从应变片线栅的方向以大约 45 度角用细砂纸抛光表面。使用浸在丙酮中的棉布擦拭打磨的悬臂梁表面和应变片膏的表面。然后连接驱动装置和应变计指示灯并打开电源。接下来，将应变片安装在固定端的铝棒中心表面上，将标准重量固定到悬臂梁的自由端，以控制集中力输入。在用尼龙放大器替换应变片之前，使用传统的应变计指示器使用四分之一桥连接方法记录基线读数。将 PDMS 镜头连接到具有 800 万像素传感器的智能手机相机上，对焦距离为 29 毫米，并调整相机的焦距，直到获得清晰的图像。然后使用 PDMS 显微镜读取指针的位移。要执行有限元分析，请将悬臂束和放大机构导入软件的材料库并模拟其放置位置。在悬臂束的作用下分析放大机构指针的机械性能，并使用具有精细元素尺寸的四面体元件生成网格，用于三维几何模型。然后细化弯曲铰链，特别是指针与其他实体之间的铰链，并应用一个牛顿的集中力到悬臂束的自由端的中心。随着平台温度的升高，液滴直径和曲率半径减小，接触角增大。这里显示了实验位移测量与尼龙的FEA模拟的比较，而此图说明了ABS的坡度之间的最小和最大差异。在这个具有代表性的实验中，确定了尼龙和ABS的测量敏感性。控制 PDMS 镜头的成型温度很困难。我们使用非接触式红外辐射温度计和高温平台，以确保温度变化在容差范围内。这种固体液体制造方法也适用于生物制药领域的研究，特别是微球结构的制备。

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Mechanical Engineering

Engineering

Unit 1

Transformations of Stress and Strain

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;Like the human eyes and brain, DFP uses ...

科研

工程学

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

三维石墨电极介电泳装置的研制

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The ...

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface

通过手扫描探针显微镜用三维虚拟现实接口控制单分子的操作

Considering organic molecules as the functional building blocks of future nanoscale technology, the question of how to arrange and assemble such building ...

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

基于闭环控制策略的智能机器人模块化设计与制作

Intelligent robots are part of a new generation of robots that are able to sense the surrounding environment, plan their own actions and eventually reach ...

A 3D-printed Chamber for Organic Optoelectronic Device Degradation Testing

用于有机光电器件降解测试的3维印制腔

In this manuscript, we outline the manufacture of a small, portable, easy-to-use atmospheric chamber for organic and perovskite optoelectronic devices, ...

A Soft Tooling Process Chain for Injection Molding of a 3D Component with Micro Pillars

微柱3D 构件注塑成型的软加工工艺链

The purpose of this paper is to present the method of a soft tooling process chain employing Additive Manufacturing (AM) for fabrication of injection ...

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

制造二维电子学的标准可靠方法

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted huge attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. Since wafer scale synthesis of 2D ...

A Polymer-based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with a 3D Meshed-Core Structure

一种基于聚合物的三维介心结构压电振动能量收割机

In this study, we fabricated a flexible 3D mesh structure with periodic voids by using a 3D lithography method and applying it to a vibration energy ...

3D Printing - Evaluating Particle Emissions of a 3D Printing Pen

3D 打印 - 评估 3D 打印笔的粒子排放

Three-dimensional (3D) printing as a type of additive manufacturing shows continuing increase in application and consumer popularity. The fused filament ...

Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors

用于制造基于芯片的超级电容器的喷墨打印机的精细控制

There are tremendous efforts in various fields to apply the inkjet printing method for the fabrication of wearable devices, displays, and energy storage ...