Name: stereotaxic surgery for implantation of microelectrode arrays in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus)
Uploaded: 2019-09-29T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereotaxic Surgery for Implantation of Microelectrode Arrays in the Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus at JoVE.com

作者感谢贝尔纳多·路易斯在拍摄和编辑方面提供的技术协助。这项工作得到了桑托斯杜蒙特研究所、巴西教育部和高等高级学院的支持。

动物实验是根据国家卫生研究院《实验室动物护理和使用指南》进行的，并经桑托斯杜蒙特研究所伦理委员会批准（第02/2015AAS议定书）。
1. 手术准备
<ol><li>将每个电极阵列连接到与要使用的立体框架兼容的电极支架上。</li>
	<li>将一个电极支架连接到立体微操作器，并将一根微线设置为耳间坐标。如有必要，对附加电极阵列和支架重复此操作。 注：任何微线的间坐标可?...

<ol>
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这项工作提供了在马莫塞特大脑中植入微电极记录阵列所涉及的过程的详细描述。当在其他小型灵长类动物中植入电极时，无论是自制的还是商用的电极，都可以很容易地使用同样的方案。此外，它可以很容易地适应其他实验目的，需要精确定位大脑结构。因此，该协议在立体坐标和颅骨钻孔技术方面故意含糊不清，因为这些方面可能变化最大。例如，为了植入手术中使用的阵列，颅骨切除术在?...

常见的黑猩猩（Callithrix jacchus）正在作为包括神经科学在内的许多研究领域的重要模型有机体获得认可。这些新世界灵长类动物是啮齿动物和其他非人类灵长类动物（如风河猴）的重要补充动物模型。与啮齿动物一样，这些动物体积小，易于操作，与较大的NHP相比，照顾和繁殖1、2、3、4相对经济。此外，这些动物与其他NHPs1、2、3相比，具有结对和高肥度的倾向。与许多其他灵长类动物的一个优势是，现代分子生物学工具3，4，5，6，7和测序基因组2 ，3，4，5，8已经被用来基因改造它们。使用慢病毒5的敲门动物和使用锌指核酸酶（ZFNs）和转录活化剂样核酸酶（TALENS）7的淘汰动物都产生了可行的成因动物。
与啮齿动物相比，一个优点是，作为灵长类动物，黑猩猩在基因上更接近人类3，5，6，9，10，11。和人类一样，动物是白天的动物，它们依靠高度发达的视觉系统来指导它们的大部分行为。此外，黑猩猩表现出行为的复杂性，包括广泛的社会行为，如使用不同的发声3，使研究人员能够解决其他物种无法解决的问题。从神经科学的角度来看，黑猩猩有脑血管，不像更常用的河河猴9。此外，黑猩猩的中枢神经系统与人类相似，包括更发达的前额叶皮质9。总之，所有这些特征将黑猩猩定位为研究大脑在健康和疾病中功能的宝贵模型。
研究大脑功能的常用方法是通过立体神经外科在解剖特定位置植入电极。这允许在清醒和自由行动的动物12，13的不同目标区域的神经活动进行慢性记录。立体神经外科是许多研究领域中不可或缺的技术，因为它允许精确定位神经解剖区域。与猴和啮齿动物文献相比，描述动物的立体神经外科的已发表的研究较少，它们往往提供手术中涉及的步骤的稀疏细节。此外，那些更详细的重点是电生理记录的程序在头部约束动物14，15，16，17。
为了促进在神经科学研究中更广泛地采用黑猩猩作为模型有机体，目前的方法定义了该物种中成功的立体神经外科所需的具体步骤。除了植入记录阵列（如本方法所述），同样的技术可以适用于许多其他实验目的，包括植入刺激电极用于治疗疾病 18或因果驱动电路行为19;植入导管用于提取和定量神经递质20，注射试剂，包括诱导疾病模型12或电路追踪研究15;离散组织区域消融21;为光遗传学研究植入选择22;植入光学窗口进行皮质显微分析23;和植入电皮质学（ECoG）阵列24。因此，这个程序的总体目标是概述在自由行为的人造肿瘤中植入用于慢性电生理记录的微电极阵列的手术步骤。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>683 Small Animal Ventilator</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus, Inc.</td>
			<td>55-0000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia Assembly</td>
			<td>BRASMED</td>
			<td>COLIBRI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barber Clippers</td>
			<td>Mundial</td>
			<td>HC-SERIES</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental Drill</td>
			<td>Norgen</td>
			<td>B07-201-M1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Homeothermic Heating Pad and Monitor</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus, Inc.</td>
			<td>50-7212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Marmoset Stereotaxic Frame</td>
			<td>Narishige Scientific Instrument Lab</td>
			<td>SR-6C-HT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Patient Monitor and Pulse Oximeter</td>
			<td>Bionet Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>BM3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Narishige Scientific Instrument Lab</td>
			<td>SM-15R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Microscope</td>
			<td>Opto</td>
			<td>SM PLUS IBZ</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allis tissue forceps</td>
			<td>Sklar</td>
			<td>36-2275</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alm Retractor, rounded point, 4x4 teeth</td>
			<td>Rhosse</td>
			<td>RH11078</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Angled McPherson Forceps</td>
			<td>Oftalmologiabr</td>
			<td>11301A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved Surgial Scissors</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus, Inc.</td>
			<td>72-8422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved Tissue Forceps</td>
			<td>Sklar</td>
			<td>47-1186</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Delicate Dissection forceps</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>WP5015</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental Drill Bit</td>
			<td>Microdont</td>
			<td>ISO.806.314.001.524.010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Essring Tissue Forceps</td>
			<td>Sklar</td>
			<td>19-2460</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FG 1/4 Dental Drill Bit</td>
			<td>Microdont</td>
			<td>ISO.700.314.001.006.005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halsey Needle Holder</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>15926-G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halstead Mosquito forceps</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>503724-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostatic Forceps, Straight</td>
			<td>Sklar</td>
			<td>17-1260</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jewler Forceps</td>
			<td>Sklar</td>
			<td>66-7436</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>McPherson-Vannas Optathalmic microscissor, 3 mm point</td>
			<td>Argos Instrumental</td>
			<td>ARGOS-4004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pereosteal Raspatory</td>
			<td>Golgran</td>
			<td>38-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpal Handle</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus, Inc.</td>
			<td>72-8354</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screwdrivers</td>
			<td>Eurotool</td>
			<td>SCR-830.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodering Iron</td>
			<td>Hikari</td>
			<td>21K006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Scissor</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus, Inc.</td>
			<td>72-8400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toothed forceps</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>501266-G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposables/Single Use</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml sterile syringe with 26 G needle</td>
			<td>Descarpack</td>
			<td>7898283812785</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>130 cm x 140 cm surgical field, presterilized</td>
			<td>ProtDesc</td>
			<td>7898467276344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24G Needle, presterilized</td>
			<td>Descarpack</td>
			<td>7898283812846</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 cm x 50 cm surgical field, presterilized</td>
			<td>Esterili-med</td>
			<td>110100236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton Tipped Probes, Presterilized</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Suyun Medical Materials Co. LTD</td>
			<td>23007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton tipped Qutips</td>
			<td>Higie Topp</td>
			<td>7898095296063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrode Array</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Home made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endotracheal tube without cuff, internal diameter 2.0 mm, outer diameter 2.9 mm</td>
			<td>Solidor</td>
			<td>7898913077201</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Tinned copper wire, 0.15 mm diameter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M1.4x3 Stainless steel screws</td>
			<td>USMICROSCREW</td>
			<td>M14-30M-SS-P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical Tape</td>
			<td>Missner</td>
			<td>7896544910102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon surgical sutures</td>
			<td>Shalon</td>
			<td>N540CTI25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpal Blade, presterilized</td>
			<td>AdvantiVe</td>
			<td>1037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>solder</td>
			<td>Kester</td>
			<td>SN63PB37</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Saline 0.9%</td>
			<td>Isofarma</td>
			<td>7898361700041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Surgical Gloves</td>
			<td>Maxitex</td>
			<td>7898949349051</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Surgical Gown</td>
			<td>ProtDesc</td>
			<td>7898467281208</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Gauze, 15 cm x 26 cm presterilized</td>
			<td>H&#233;ika</td>
			<td>7898488470315</td>
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			<td>Gelfoam</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Drugs/Chemicals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>0.25mg/ml Atropine</td>
			<td>Isofarma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>10% Lidocaine Spray</td>
			<td>Produtos Qu&#237;micos Farmac&#234;uticos Ltda.</td>
			<td>7896676405644</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>2.5% Enrofloxacino veterinary antibiotic</td>
			<td>Chemitec</td>
			<td>0137-02</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Dexametasona Veterinary Anti inflammatory</td>
			<td>MSD</td>
			<td>R06177091A-00-15</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen Peroxide</td>
			<td>Farmax</td>
			<td>7896902211537</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Isoflourane</td>
			<td>BioChimico</td>
			<td>7897406113068</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Jet Acrylic polymerization solution</td>
			<td>Artigos Odontol&#243;gicos Cl&#225;ssico</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Jet Auto Polymerizing Acrylic</td>
			<td>Artigos Odontol&#243;gicos Cl&#225;ssico</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine 10%</td>
			<td>Syntec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine and Phenylephrine 1.8 ml local anesthetic</td>
			<td>SS White</td>
			<td>7892525041049</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-Iodine solutiom</td>
			<td>Farmax</td>
			<td>7896902234093</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Riohex 2% surgical Soap</td>
			<td>Rioqu&#237;mica</td>
			<td>7897780209418</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Silver Paint</td>
			<td>SPI Supplies</td>
			<td>05002-AB</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Tramadol chloride 50 mg/ml</td>
			<td>Uni&#227;o Qu&#237;mica</td>
			<td>7896006245452</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Refresh gel (polyacrylic acid)</td>
			<td>Allergan</td>
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</table>

stereotaxic surgery for implantation of microelectrode arrays in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus)

马莫采斯（Callithrix jacchus）是小型非人类灵长类动物，在生物医学和临床前研究，包括神经科学中越来越受欢迎。从遗传学上讲，这些动物比啮齿动物更接近人类。它们还显示复杂的行为，包括广泛的发声和社交互动。这里，描述了一种有效的立体神经外科手术程序，用于在普通马莫塞特中植入记录电极阵列。该协议还详细说明了成功实施此类手术所需的动物护理术前和术后步骤。最后，该协议显示了一个在手术后1周内自由行为的人造肿瘤中局部场势和峰值活动记录的例子。总体而言，这种方法提供了一个机会，研究大脑功能在清醒和自由行为的黑猩猩。研究其他小型灵长类动物的研究人员可以很容易地使用同样的协议。此外，它可以很容易地修改，以允许其他需要植入物的研究，如刺激电极，显微注射，植入的异体或导管，或离散组织区域消融。

本研究的目的是描述一个立体神经外科手术程序，用于在普通马莫塞特植入微电极阵列进行电生理记录。典型的手术（从麻醉诱导到麻醉恢复）将持续约5~7小时，具体取决于植入的阵列数量。在这里，两个阵列是对称地植入的，一个在每个大脑半球。每个阵列包含 32 条不锈钢微线，这些微线排列在 7 个束中，针对基底神经质-皮质瘤电路的多个结构（图 1），但电极设计和目...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereotaxic Surgery for Implantation of Microelectrode Arrays in the Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus at JoVE.com

Stereotaxic Surgery for Implantation of Microelectrode Arrays in the Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus

这项工作提出了一个协议，以执行立体，神经外科植入微电极阵列在常见的马莫塞特。这种方法特别允许在自由行为的动物进行电生理记录，但可以很容易地适应该物种的任何其他类似的神经外科干预（例如，用于药物给药的管状或用于大脑刺激的电极）。

在普通马莫塞特中植入微电极阵列的立体外科（Callithrix jacchus）

Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are small non-human primates that are gaining popularity in biomedical and preclinical research, including the ...

该程序的总体目标是概述在自由行为马莫塞特中植入用于慢性电生理记录的微电极阵列所涉及的手术步骤。马莫塞特是小灵长类动物，越来越多地用于神经科学研究。这些动物拥有啮齿动物的许多实际和后勤优势。他们年轻时结对和高生育倾向意味着随时接触大型和基因相似的群体。此外，他们小的体型使他们容易和相对便宜照顾。作为灵长类动物，马莫塞特的中枢神经系统比啮齿动物更类似于人类。这包括高度发达的前额皮质和视觉系统。然而，马莫塞特比许多其他灵长类动物具有的一个优势，就是在基因改造它们方面取得了进步。随着一个深入测序的基因组和成功产生创始人敲敲和淘汰动物，很明显，马莫塞特将成为一个强大的模型，研究大脑功能的健康和疾病。研究大脑功能的常用方法包括将电极植入解剖特定位置。这允许人们长期记录在清醒和自由行为的动物的不同目标区域的神经活动。手术前确定所有植入物和导轨的口腔内零坐标。为此，将每个将植入的电极阵列连接到电极支架，并将一根微线设置为口腔内零。这是耳吧相遇的地方。如有必要，对附加电极阵列和支架重复此步骤。此外，使用同样连接到立体税探针支架的 24 量表针重复此项。对于电生理阵列，地面导线应焊接到将使用的所有其他螺钉上。最后，组织和消毒所有仪器、设备和一次性用品，为外科手术做准备。在手术当天，确保动物在开始麻醉前六小时没有吃东西。阿托平和氯胺酮将用于通过顺序，肌肉注射诱导麻醉。接下来，用理发器剃动物头。在手术中对动物进行插管是重要的。我们的首选方法包括将弹性带附在手术台上，在动物犬处于超活位置时插入手术表。接下来，我们使用棉尖探针擦干马莫塞特的舌头，并抓住它一只手。这允许技术人员仅用一只手打开嘴和气道。插入气管后，将其连接到麻醉组件，人工呼吸机设置为每分钟 40 次呼吸。根据需要用胶带固定管子和组件。现在，马莫塞特处于容易的位置，将动物的头固定到立体轴框架中。为此，首先，将右耳杆的尖端插入动物的右听觉管。其次是左耳杆进入左耳道。接下来，必须将头部进行平水平，使水平平面与框架平行，而前/后平面居中。这是通过首先使用在同等距离下固定耳杆测量器将动物头部居中实现。之后，嘴片入动物的嘴里，并进行调整，直到它接触动物的调色板，而轨道条只是触摸轨道骨的下缘。由于水平平面被定义为穿过轨道骨的下边和外听觉医疗中心中心的平面，因此在继续前，应确保轨道骨的下表面现在与耳杆的中心水平对齐。在手术过程中，保持所有生命体征非常重要。因此，应将便携式脉搏血氧计连接到马莫塞特的手部，以确保心率和氧饱和度在可接受的范围内。此外，一个直肠温度探头连接到一个家庭热垫设置为37摄氏度，并贴在尾巴上，将确保马莫塞特的体温不受麻醉的不利影响。术前的最后一步是用氯己丁和碘清洁和消毒动物剃光的头，然后用消毒手术场覆盖动物。在此部位应用局部镇痛剂后，在头皮的中线进行切口。要准备头骨的表面，首先，小心地将时间肌肉从颅骨中分离出来。这是通过切割 fossa 插入头骨与手术刀。之后，时间肌肉应轻轻地从颅骨分离，使用周长膜的面部。继续用周灵膜除去所有暴露的颅骨。通过刮擦。接下来，通过在骨表面创建浅毛刺孔并钻出颅骨切除术的周长来标记颅骨切除术的位置。根据需要，将六到八个螺钉孔钻入颅骨并植入螺钉。此时，将接地导线焊接到相邻未固定螺钉周围的给定螺钉上。使用麦克弗森钳子取出颅骨切除术中心的骨骼。虽然大脑和杜拉母体被发现，让他们与无菌盐水水合。要去除杜拉母体，25 或 26 量针应弯曲在大约 90 度，以方便穿刺和提起杜拉母体的表面远离大脑的表面。此时，微型剪刀用于切除杜拉母体。将电极连接到立体轴微操纵器并定位它，使电极处于所需的前/后侧坐标和中侧/侧坐标。现在，降低电极的尖端，直到它接触大脑的表面。慢慢地将阵列插入大脑，直到达到所需的后腹坐标。在接地线和每个螺钉之间添加一滴银漆，以确保电气连接。通过将牙科丙烯酸涂在暴露的头骨、一个螺钉和电极阵列上，将电极固定到头骨上。对任何其他阵列重复此植入过程。最后，使用牙科丙烯酸，使一个坚固的头盖围绕阵列的横向范围，并完全以防接地线和任何暴露的头骨或螺丝。如有必要，可以在头盖中插入支撑杆，并将其用牙科丙烯酸密封到位。在创建头盖缝合皮肤后，如果肌肉或骨组织暴露。此时还应对伤口应用防腐溶液。随着手术的完成，是时候开始恢复了。首先，关闭异氟素供应，而不是氧气，并从立体轴框架中删除动物。将动物放在加热页上，通过气管保持氧气。当神经性反射的第一个迹象，如喉痉挛开始，删除气管。现在应提供氧气，直到动物出现麻醉恢复的明显迹象，如保护性反射、姿势调和呼吸尝试。马莫塞特应该单独安置，并留在一个干净的笼子和房间恢复24至48小时，然后再回到它的家笼。植入的动物应被安置在单独的笼子里。手术后观察动物至少一小时是重要的，以观察出现不适的迹象，特别是不协调的动作。抗生素、镇痛药和消炎药物应在手术后数天施用，以控制疼痛和预防感染。在成功的手术中，动物应在三到五天内完全康复。我们建议在手术后至少一周开始电生理记录。在每个记录会话开始时，使用异氟兰对动物进行轻轻麻醉，并连接电极阵列连接器到神经记录系统。将动物放在实验室内，等待完全麻醉恢复，然后开始录音。手术成功后，有可能在几周内记录植入电极的峰值和局部磁场电位。最终，电极阵列成功植入目标结构的最终确认，应进行尸检。包含电轨的 Nissl 染色部分可用于确定每个植入的微线的位置。清醒行为动物的慢性电生理记录是许多神经科学研究中常用的强大技术。由于普通马莫塞特提供了许多优势比历史上流行的模型，这个视频的目的是帮助其他神经科学家采用常见的马莫塞特在他们的研究。除了植入慢性记录电极，如本视频详细介绍，相同的立体轴手术方案可以适应许多其他实验目的，包括植入刺激电极，导导，和微注射。当根据上述技术之一调整此协议时，外科医生将主要修改钻孔程序，以符合所需植入物的大小。此外，许多这些技术不需要接地程序，因此可能会省略。无论实验目标如何，观看此视频后，您应该了解如何在常见的 Marmoset 中成功执行立体神经外科。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Stereotaxic Surgery for Implantation of Microelectrode Arrays in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Rodent Stereotaxic Surgery and Animal Welfare Outcome Improvements for Behavioral Neuroscience

啮齿动物的立体定向手术和动物福利成果改进行为神经科学

Stereotaxic surgery for the implantation of cannulae into specific brain regions has for many decades been a very successful experimental technique to ...

科研

神经科学

Stereotaxic Surgery for Excitotoxic Lesion of Specific Brain Areas in the Adult Rat

特定脑区的兴奋毒性损伤的成年大鼠立体定向手术治疗

Many behavioral functions in mammals, including rodents and humans, are mediated principally by discrete brain regions. A common method for discerning the ...

Stereotaxic Infusion of Oligomeric Amyloid-beta into the Mouse Hippocampus

低聚淀粉样蛋白-β的立体灌注到小鼠海马

Alzheimer&#8217;s disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the aging population. A key neuropathological feature of the disease is the ...

Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation

微电极引导电极植入到大鼠丘脑底核的长期深部脑刺激

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely used and effective therapy for several neurologic disorders, such as idiopathic Parkinson&#8217;s disease, ...

Stereotaxic Surgery for Genetic Manipulation in Striatal Cells of Neonatal Mouse Brains

新生小鼠脑巴细胞基因调控的立体定向手术

Many genes are expressed in embryonic brains, and some of them are continuously expressed in the brain after birth. For such persistently expressed genes, ...

Adaptation of Microelectrode Array Technology for the Study of Anesthesia-induced Neurotoxicity in the Intact Piglet Brain

微电极阵列技术在完整仔猪脑麻醉诱导神经毒性研究中的应用

Every year, millions of children undergo anesthesia for a multitude of procedures. However, studies in both animals and humans have called into question ...

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays

鼠脑切片偶联微电极阵列癫痫活性的记录与调控

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common partial complex epileptic syndrome and the least responsive to medications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) ...

Chronic Implantation of Whole-cortical Electrocorticographic Array in the Common Marmoset

常见马莫塞的全皮质电皮质阵列的慢性植入

Electrocorticography (ECoG) allows the monitoring of electrical field potentials from the cerebral cortex with high spatiotemporal resolution. Recent ...

Chronic Implantation of Multiple Flexible Polymer Electrode Arrays

多柔性聚合物电极阵列的慢性植入

Simultaneous recordings from large populations of individual neurons across distributed brain regions over months to years will enable new avenues of ...