Name: assessment of static graviceptive perception in the roll-plane using the subjective visual vertical paradigm
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这项研究经维也纳医科大学道德委员会批准，并根据《赫尔辛基宣言》中的道德标准进行。在研究之前，所有患者和对照组都签署了知情同意书。
1. 将病人安装在椅子上
<ol><li>双目执行测量。将患者安装在带靠背和头部固定单元的稳定椅子上。后者将患者的头部保持在稳定且定义的位置，由弹性头带和 U 形头枕组成，使用粘合带相互固定。将椅子放在可可穿衣服的客舱中，...

<ol>
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SVV 是一种确保垂直感的方法。它是集成了多种信息的结果。前庭系统在这种感知中至关重要，它表明，任何级别的前庭信息通路的病变都会导致SVV错误。
SVV在头部直立位置的测量现在被认为是记录骨力功能的临床标准方法。然而，这种方法受到低灵敏度的阻碍，因为健康个体在黑暗中的SVV偏差被限制在地球垂直14的±2°。先前的实验研究表明，在前面平面上...

奥托利丝功能损伤可能由外设以及中央前庭条件1引起。外周前庭病因包括梅尼埃氏病、迷宫性梗死以及优劣前庭内膜炎。中枢骨骼功能障碍可能发生在从脑干到前庭皮层3的中枢骨骼通路的病变中。2此外，减少的耳李丝反射也发现在小脑疾病4。虽然一些标准化方法，如热力测试或视频头脉冲测试，可用于半圆管功能的评估，但没有标准化的临床测量方法进行重力估计和垂直感知5。
由于卵石负责线性加速度的感知，因此原则上可以通过记录所谓的转译前目反射（t-VOR）来测量线性加速度。然而，这需要使用特殊和复杂的设备，如平行摆动或线性雪橇44，6。6为了评估单侧囊和心形功能，开发了一种特定的离中心离心试验，可在具有特定旋转椅系统的平衡实验室中临床使用。当从旋转轴上取代头部 3.5⁄4 厘米时，偏心定位的 utricle 会由由此产生的离心力单方面刺激。在此范式中，通过测量结果的眼部扭转或主观的视觉垂直 （SVV） 来确定该范例的骨力函数。然而，这个程序也需要精密的设备，该方法仍然显示SVV和眼扭转评估7的敏感性有限。通过眼动记录可以进一步量化奥托利思功能。评估可以在水平或线性加速度中完成，也可以在滚动平面的头部或身体倾斜过程中进行，并应用三维视频摄影。后者允许确定眼部挫伤。该方法的临床应用也受到限制，由于其灵敏度低8。身体垂直感（即，我觉得我的身体与真正的垂直对齐的感觉）可以通过所谓的主观姿势垂直来评估。在这个实验任务中，患者坐在电动云台的椅子上，要求指示他们何时进入和退出直立位置，同时在俯仰或滚动平面上倾斜 15°。该技术的缺点是，它不仅是其精心的实验方法，而且它测量了奥托利丝和身体自体感知信号9。前庭唤起肌原性潜能（VEMPs）是否是各种临床疾病中肌瘤功能的有用的临床筛查工具，仍有争议的10，11。10,
视觉任务是目前最常用的临床测量功能的方法，可以通过主观视觉垂直（SVV）12的测量来评估。12从精确的生理角度来看，SVV并非仅对骨力功能的直接测试，因为 SVV 是多个信息源（重力、感知和视觉信息可用时）之间的权重的结果。然而，为了快速临床使用，这种SVV任务，即所谓的桶测试，已经开发了13个，特别是用于紧急设置，能够立即检测急性干扰的可感知性。更精确和标准化的过程包括让观察者将灯条或杆与估计垂直杆对齐。在黑暗中测试的健康个体在直立的位置，偏差被限制在 ± 2° 从地球垂直14。利用SVV任务，迄今在各种神经系统疾病（如中风15、16,16或帕金森病17）中评估了肝功能。此外，在18、19,19或双边前庭病变20例中，以及在良性痉挛性位置性腺体21型患者中，也报告了SVV感知受损。
我们在此介绍了一种改进的 SVV 评估方法，该方法不仅测量 SVV 估计，不仅在直立位置，而且在滚动平面中以 ± 15° 和 ± 30° 头部倾斜。该范式增加了检测肝赤字和SVV系统倾斜的信息内容。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Adjustable plastic goniometer board 7,87&#34; x 7,87&#34;, (marked tilt angles of 0&#176;, 15&#176; and 30&#176; )</td>
			<td>self-produced</td>
			<td>6</td>
			<td>for fixation at the backrest and for adjustment of neckrest along the given tilt angles (0&#176;,15&#176;,30&#176;)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elastic head band with adjustable screw on the back</td>
			<td>Micromedical Technologies Inc</td>
			<td>4</td>
			<td>modified with attached adhesive strap</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HD LCD display, 1366 x 768p resolution, 19&#34;</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>5</td>
			<td>for monitoring SVV-adjustments outside the cabin (infrared camera recording)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Subjective Visual Vertical Set including infrared video camera (black/white, resolution 0,25&#176;)</td>
			<td>Micromedical Technologies Inc</td>
			<td>2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sytem 2000 (Rotational Vestibular Chair System with Centrifuge)</td>
			<td>Micromedical Technologies Inc., 10 Kemp Dr., Chatham, IL 62629-9769 United States</td>
			<td>1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tiltable headrest&#160;</td>
			<td>Micromedical Technologies Inc</td>
			<td>3</td>
			<td>modified with attached adhesive strap</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of static graviceptive perception in the roll-plane using the subjective visual vertical paradigm

前庭疾病是医学上最常见的综合征之一。近年来，引进了新的前庭诊断系统，允许在临床环境中检查所有半圆形管道。负责感知线性加速度和重力感知的骨质系统的评估方法在临床使用中要少得多。测量重力感知有几种实验方法。最常用的方法是主观视觉垂直的确定。这通常是用头部直立的位置测量的。本文介绍了一种用于测试卷平面中的骨脂函数的评估方法。主观视觉垂直在头部直立位置测量，在滚动平面中头部倾角为 ±15° 和 ± 30°。这种扩展的功能范式是一种易于执行的奥托利思功能临床测试，可确保增加信息含量，用于检测受损的认知。

SVV 评估使用旋转椅系统 （图1a）进行，该系统包括可倾斜的头枕和可调 LED 灯条。SVV 调整是通过光柱背面的测光仪显示屏的红外摄像机录制的（图 1b）。使用的设备和测试协议与此处介绍的测试方法完全一致。
SVV测量在13名健康个体中进行，平均年龄为52.8岁。性别分布为69.2%的女性和30.8%的男性。他们没有前庭疾病史，在前庭和眼...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm at JoVE.com

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

重力感知通常由头部直立位置的主观视觉垂直决定。滚动平面的头部倾斜处额外评估为 ± 15° 和 ± 30°，可确保增加信息含量，以检测受损的视力感知。

使用主观视觉垂直范式对卷平面中的静态视觉感知的评估

Vestibular disorders are among the most common syndromes in medicine. In recent years, new vestibular diagnostic systems have been introduced that allow ...

我们的SVV评估技术在头部倾斜的某些角度提供了一个标准化的协议，以检测重力功能的干扰与非动态方法相比，在临床实践中代表一种易于执行的技术。该技术的主要优点是信息含量高，临床适用性简单。如我们的手稿所示，该技术已应用于宫颈肌张力障碍患者肉毒杆菌毒素的治疗反应检测。基本上，这种方法可用于评估各种疾病的重力功能障碍。此方法在特定皮质病变患者中的应用可能有助于本地化涉及重力处理的皮质区域。将患者头部固定在所需角度对方法至关重要。为了进一步避免偏置数据，我们建议使用随机协议考虑倾斜角度以避免学习效果。将患者安装到带靠背和头部固定装置的稳定椅子上。固定装置将患者的头部保持稳定且明确的位置。它包括一个弹性头带和一个U形头枕，可以使用粘合带固定在对方。头枕可以通过沿附着在椅子靠背的测角计的刻度上对齐，以所需的倾斜角度进行调整。在实验开始时，在亚腹高度处以零度倾斜度调整头枕。将弹性头带放在患者头上，用螺钉固定在患者头部。将头带和头枕上的两条粘合带相互连接。将 SVV 装置与固定装置安装在患者前面的椅子上。通过连接的电位计，调整光条在滚动平面上的位置，与患者头部完全相反，与患者的眼睛处于同一水平。将 SVV 装置连接到椅子下方的电气连接。将电位计放在患者的左手中，并指导他们如何执行 SVV 设置。要校准，请将灯条相对于绝对垂直方向 30 度左右倾斜，并要求患者将灯条调整到视觉控制的垂直位置。这用于自我校准患者和检查患者的视觉运动能力。打开检查协议，同时输入 SVV 估计值。关闭舱门，使患者在整个实验中完全黑暗。通过对讲系统要求患者将起跑位置的灯条向右或向左倾斜 30 度。等待 15 秒后，指示患者从起始位置调整灯条，直到其到达主观垂直位置。患者没有时间压力，仍可随时纠正设定位置。患者通过对讲系统口头确认设置。输入协议中显示屏上显示的倾斜角度（度为单位）。总共让患者在六次通道中调整SVV，起始位置为30度随机。通过断开粘合带来撤消初始头部固定。松开头枕，根据协议调整倾斜位置，右侧或左侧为 15 度或 30 度。将头枕牢牢固定在此位置。用弹性头带固定患者头部至头枕。确保患者可以承受这种头部倾斜，并根据需要调整头枕的高度。在试验期间指示患者保持头部位置。关闭客舱门，并在中性头部位置执行试验。试用完成后，撤消头枕，根据协议给出的随机头部倾斜位置调整头枕。再次关闭客舱门并执行相同的步骤，直到记录所有头部倾斜的所有 SVV 设置。在这项研究中，SVV测量在13个健康个体中进行了，平均年龄为52.8岁。SVV 从成人垂直到零度头部位置的绝对倾斜显示 SVV 中位数为 1.33。在头部倾斜 15 度时，SVV 中位数达到 1.66，在头部倾斜 30 度时对 SVV 的测量得出 SVV 中位数为 5.33。该方法还用于分析32例宫颈肌张力障碍患者的SVV倾斜。对患者习惯性头部姿势的SVV评估显示，与实际垂直方向存在重大偏差，中位数为2.65度。与健康人习惯性头部姿势相比，患者的反应明显受损，中位数差为负1.34度。注射肉毒杆菌毒素三周后，患者SVV估计在习惯性头部位置和30度头部倾斜不再与对控组不同。患者头部的精确定位对实验至关重要。我们强烈建议对倾斜角度使用随机协议，以避免检测偏差。我们自己使用这种技术来评估肉毒杆菌毒素注射对宫颈肌张力障碍患者的垂直感知的影响。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

用于预测手术后的疼痛的实验范式（PPOP）

Many women undergo cesarean delivery without problems, however some experience significant pain after cesarean section. Pain is associated with negative ...

科研

医学

Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking

磁共振衍生的心肌劳损评估使用特征跟踪

Purpose: An accurate and practical method to measure parameters like strain in myocardial tissue is of great clinical value, since it has been shown, that ...

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

驾驶模拟诊所：测试视觉与视野缺损的患者在日常活动中的探索行为

Patients suffering from homonymous hemianopia after infarction of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) report different degrees of constraint in daily ...

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind

基于音频的虚拟游戏环境的发展，以帮助盲人的导航技巧

Audio-based Environment Simulator (AbES) is virtual environment software designed to improve real world navigation skills in the blind. Using only audio ...

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Mice

右心小鼠的超声心动图评价

Transgenic and toxic models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are widely used to study the pathophysiology of PAH and to investigate potential ...

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

动态视觉测试，以确定和量化视觉损伤与修复继脱髓鞘视神经炎患者

In order to follow optic neuritis patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment, a handy, accurate and quantifiable tool is required to ...

Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing

收集和唾液DNA提取用于新一代测序

The preferred source of DNA in human genetics research is blood, or cell lines derived from blood, as these sources yield large quantities of high quality ...

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice

新的治疗肠道病变的疗效，使用活体小鼠的串行内镜成像的非侵入性评估

Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) have provided significant insight into the cell intrinsic and extrinsic ...

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

利用视网膜成像研究痴呆

The retina offers a unique &#8220;window&#8221; to study pathophysiological processes of dementia in the brain, as it is an extension of the central ...

Assessment and Characterization of Hyaloid Vessels in Mice

小鼠透明血管的评估与表征

In the eye, the embryonic hyaloid vessels nourish the developing lens and retina and regress when the retinal vessels develop. Persistent or failed ...