Name: a rat carotid artery pressure-controlled segmental balloon injury with periadventitial therapeutic application
Uploaded: 2020-07-09T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application at JoVE.com

N.E.B. ble støttet av et opplæringsstipend fra National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5T32ES007126-35, 2018), og en American Heart Association pre-doktorgradsfellesskap (20PRE35120321). E.S.M.B. var en KL2-forsker delvis støttet av UNC Clinical and Translational Science Award-K12 Scholars Program (KL2TR002490, 2018) og National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL145354). Forfatterne takker Dr. Pablo Ariel fra UNC Microscopy Services Laboratory for å ha hjulpet til med LSFM. Lysarkfluoresceni ble utført ved Microscopy Services Laboratory. Microscopy Services Laboratory, Institutt for patologi og laboratoriemedisin, støttes delvis av P30 CA016086 Cancer Center Core Support Grant til UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Alle metoder som er beskrevet her har blitt godkjent av Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ved University of North Carolina på Chapel Hill.
1. Preoperative prosedyrer
<ol><li>Steriliser kirurgiske instrumenter. Autoklav alle kirurgiske instrumenter før operasjonen. Hvis du utfører flere operasjoner på samme dag, steriliser instrumenter mellom operasjoner ved hjelp av en tørr perlesterilisator.</li>
	<li>Forbered terapeutisk i 25% Pluronic-127 gel (fortynnet i sterilt de...

<ol>
	<li>American Heart Association. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+Disease:+A+Costly+Burden+for+America,+Projections+Through+2035.">Cardiovascular Disease: A Costly Burden for America, Projections Through 2035.</a> American Heart Association CVD Burden Report. , (2017).</li><li>Singh, R. B., Mengi, S. A., Xu, Y. J., Arneja, A. S., Dhalla, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogenesis+of+atherosclerosis:+A+multifactorial+process.">Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A multifactorial process.</a> Experimental and Clinical Cardiology. 7 (1), 40-53 (2002).</li><li>Clowes, A. W., Reidy, M. A., Clowes, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+stenosis+after+arterial+injury.">Mechanisms of stenosis after arterial injury.</a> Laboratory Investigation. 49 (2), 208-215 (1983).</li><li>Clowes, A. W., Reidy, M. A., Clowes, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetics+of+cellular+proliferation+after+arterial+injury.+I.+Smooth+muscle+growth+in+the+absence+of+endothelium.">Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury. I. Smooth muscle growth in the absence of endothelium.</a> Laboratory Investigation. 49 (3), 327-333 (1983).</li><li>Sartore, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+adventitial+fibroblasts+to+neointima+formation+and+vascular+remodeling:+from+innocent+bystander+to+active+participant.">Contribution of adventitial fibroblasts to neointima formation and vascular remodeling: from innocent bystander to active participant.</a> Circulation Research. 89 (12), 1111-1121 (2001).</li><li>Tanaka, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+progenitor+cells+contribute+to+neointimal+formation+in+nonirradiated+chimeric+mice.">Circulating progenitor cells contribute to neointimal formation in nonirradiated chimeric mice.</a> The FASEB Journal. 22 (2), 428-436 (2008).</li><li>Henry, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carotid+angioplasty+and+stenting+under+protection.+Techniques,+results+and+limitations.">Carotid angioplasty and stenting under protection. Techniques, results and limitations.</a> The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 47 (5), 519-546 (2006).</li><li>Kounis, N. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thrombotic+responses+to+coronary+stents,+bioresorbable+scaffolds+and+the+Kounis+hypersensitivity-associated+acute+thrombotic+syndrome.">Thrombotic responses to coronary stents, bioresorbable scaffolds and the Kounis hypersensitivity-associated acute thrombotic syndrome.</a> Journal of Thoracic Disease. 9 (4), 1155-1164 (2017).</li><li>Jackson, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+restenosis.">Animal models of restenosis.</a> Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 4 (3), 122-130 (1994).</li><li>Shears, L. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+inhibition+of+intimal+hyperplasia+by+adenovirus-mediated+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+gene+transfer+to+rats+and+pigs+in+vivo.">Efficient inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by adenovirus-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene transfer to rats and pigs in vivo.</a> Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 187 (3), 295-306 (1998).</li><li>Takayama, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+murine+model+of+arterial+restenosis:+technical+aspects+of+femoral+wire+injury.">A murine model of arterial restenosis: technical aspects of femoral wire injury.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (97), (2015).</li><li>Zhang, L. N., Parkinson, J. F., Haskell, C., Wang, Y. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+intimal+hyperplasia+learned+from+a+murine+carotid+artery+ligation+model.">Mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia learned from a murine carotid artery ligation model.</a> Current Vascular Pharmacology. 6 (1), 37-43 (2008).</li><li>Jahnke, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+a+new+double-injury+restenosis+model+in+the+rat+aorta.">Characterization of a new double-injury restenosis model in the rat aorta.</a> Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 12 (3), 318-331 (2005).</li><li>Gregory, E. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periadventitial+atRA+citrate-based+polyester+membranes+reduce+neointimal+hyperplasia+and+restenosis+after+carotid+injury+in+rats.">Periadventitial atRA citrate-based polyester membranes reduce neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis after carotid injury in rats.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 307 (10), 1419-1429 (2014).</li><li>Buglak, N. E., Jiang, W., Bahnson, E. S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cinnamic+aldehyde+inhibits+vascular+smooth+muscle+cell+proliferation+and+neointimal+hyperplasia+in+Zucker+Diabetic+Fatty+rats.">Cinnamic aldehyde inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats.</a> Redox Biology. 19, 166-178 (2018).</li><li>Bahnson, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+effect+of+PROLI/NO+on+cellular+proliferation+and+phenotype+after+arterial+injury.">Long-term effect of PROLI/NO on cellular proliferation and phenotype after arterial injury.</a> Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 90, 272-286 (2016).</li><li>Gilbert, J. C. W., Davies, M. C., Hadgraft, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+behaviour+of+Pluronic+F127+in+aqueous+solution+studied+using+fluorescent+probes.">The behaviour of Pluronic F127 in aqueous solution studied using fluorescent probes.</a> International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 40 (1-2), 93-99 (1987).</li><li>Tulis, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histological+and+morphometric+analyses+for+rat+carotid+balloon+injury+model.">Histological and morphometric analyses for rat carotid balloon injury model.</a> Methods in Molecular Medicine. 139, 31-66 (2007).</li><li>Buglak, N. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+Sheet+Fluorescence+Microscopy+as+a+New+Method+for+Unbiased+Three-Dimensional+Analysis+of+Vascular+Injury.">Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy as a New Method for Unbiased Three-Dimensional Analysis of Vascular Injury.</a> Cardiovascular Research. , (2020).</li><li>Renier, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=iDISCO:+a+simple,+rapid+method+to+immunolabel+large+tissue+samples+for+volume+imaging.">iDISCO: a simple, rapid method to immunolabel large tissue samples for volume imaging.</a> Cell. 159 (4), 896-910 (2014).</li><li>Ariel, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> UltraMicroscope II - A User Guide. , (2018).</li><li>Touchard, A. G., Schwartz, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+restenosis+models:+challenges+and+successes.">Preclinical restenosis models: challenges and successes.</a> Toxicologic Pathology. 34 (1), 11-18 (2006).</li><li>Xiangdong, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+for+the+atherosclerosis+research:+a+review.">Animal models for the atherosclerosis research: a review.</a> Protein Cell. 2 (3), 189-201 (2011).</li><li>Chen, H., Li, D., Liu, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+Rat+Models+for+Atherosclerosis.">Novel Rat Models for Atherosclerosis.</a> Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sceinces. 2 (2), 29-33 (2018).</li><li>Xing, D., Nozell, S., Chen, Y. F., Hage, F., Oparil, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estrogen+and+mechanisms+of+vascular+protection.">Estrogen and mechanisms of vascular protection.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 29 (3), 289-295 (2009).</li><li>Tulis, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+carotid+artery+balloon+injury+model.">Rat carotid artery balloon injury model.</a> Methods in Molecular Medicine. 139, 1-30 (2007).</li><li>Pellet-Many, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropilins+1+and+2+mediate+neointimal+hyperplasia+and+re-endothelialization+following+arterial+injury.">Neuropilins 1 and 2 mediate neointimal hyperplasia and re-endothelialization following arterial injury.</a> Cardiovascular Research. 108 (2), 288-298 (2015).</li><li>Wu, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+delivery+of+resolvin+D1+inhibits+neointimal+hyperplasia+in+a+rat+model+of+arterial+injury.">Perivascular delivery of resolvin D1 inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in a rat model of arterial injury.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 65 (1), 207-217 (2017).</li><li>Tan, J., Yang, L., Liu, C., Yan, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-26a+targets+MAPK6+to+inhibit+smooth+muscle+cell+proliferation+and+vein+graft+neointimal+hyperplasia.">MicroRNA-26a targets MAPK6 to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and vein graft neointimal hyperplasia.</a> Scientific Reports. 7, 46602 (2017).</li><li>Pearce, C. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beneficial+effect+of+a+short-acting+NO+donor+for+the+prevention+of+neointimal+hyperplasia.">Beneficial effect of a short-acting NO donor for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia.</a> Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 44 (1), 73-81 (2008).</li><li>Cao, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=S100B+promotes+injury-induced+vascular+remodeling+through+modulating+smooth+muscle+phenotype.">S100B promotes injury-induced vascular remodeling through modulating smooth muscle phenotype.</a> Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1863 (11), 2772-2782 (2017).</li><li>Madigan, M., Entabi, F., Zuckerbraun, B., Loughran, P., Tzeng, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+inhaled+carbon+monoxide+mediates+the+regression+of+established+neointimal+lesions.">Delayed inhaled carbon monoxide mediates the regression of established neointimal lesions.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 61 (4), 1026-1033 (2015).</li><li>Khurana, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiogenesis-dependent+and+independent+phases+of+intimal+hyperplasia.">Angiogenesis-dependent and independent phases of intimal hyperplasia.</a> Circulation. 110 (16), 2436-2443 (2004).</li><li>Tsihlis, N. D., Vavra, A. K., Martinez, J., Lee, V. R., Kibbe, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nitric+oxide+is+less+effective+at+inhibiting+neointimal+hyperplasia+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats.">Nitric oxide is less effective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in spontaneously hypertensive rats.</a> Nitric Oxide. 35, 165-174 (2013).</li><li>Chen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+neointimal+hyperplasia+in+the+rat+carotid+artery+injury+model+by+a+HMGB1+inhibitor.">Inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia in the rat carotid artery injury model by a HMGB1 inhibitor.</a> Atherosclerosis. 224 (2), 332-339 (2012).</li><li>Mano, T., Luo, Z., Malendowicz, S. 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Rottekarotisarterieballongskaden er en av de mest brukte og studerte restenosis dyremodeller. Både den opprinnelige ballongskademodellen3 og den modifiserte trykkkontrollerte segmentalskadevariasjonen10 har informert mange aspekter ved arteriell skaderespons som også forekommer hos mennesker, med de få begrensningene er at fibrinrike trombe sjelden utvikler seg og lokal betennelse er minimal sammenlignet med andre skademodeller som i hyperkolesterololiske kanin- eller sv...

Kardiovaskulær sykdom (CVD) er fortsatt den ledende dødsårsaken over heleverden 1. Aterosklerose er den underliggende årsaken til de fleste CVD-relaterte sykelighet og dødelighet. Aterosklerose er oppbyggingen av plakk inne i arteriene som resulterer i en innsnevret lumen, hindrer riktig blodperfusjon til organer og distale vev2. Kliniske inngrep for behandling av alvorlig aterosklerose inkluderer ballongangoplastikk med eller uten stentplassering. Denne intervensjonen innebærer å fremme et ballongkateter til plakkstedet, og blåse opp ballongen for å komprimere plakk til arteriell vegg, utvide luminalområdet. Denne prosedyren skader arterien, men initierer arteriell skaderespons3. Langvarig aktivering av denne skaderesponsen fører til arteriell restenose, eller re-innsnevring, sekundært til neointimal hyperplasi og fartøy remodeling. Under angioplastikk er det intimale laget benektet endotelceller som fører til umiddelbar blodplaterekruttering og lokal betennelse. Lokal signalisering induserer fenotypiske endringer i vaskulære glatte muskelceller (VSMC) og adventitial fibroblaster. Dette fører til migrasjon og spredning av VSMC og fibroblaster innover til lumen, noe som fører til neointimal hyperplasi4,5. Sirkulerende stamceller og immunceller bidrar også til det totale volumet av restenose6. Der det er aktuelt, er legemiddeluttårne (DES) den nåværende standarden for hemming av restenosis7. DES hemmer arteriell re-endotelialisering, men dermed skape et pro-trombotisk miljø som kan resultere i sen stent trombose8. Derfor er dyremodeller integrerte for både å forstå patofysiologien til restenose, og for å utvikle bedre terapeutiske strategier for å forlenge effekten av revaskulariseringsprosedyrer.
Flere store og smådyremodeller 9 benyttes til å studere denne patologien. Disse inkluderer ballongskade3,10 eller wire-skade11 av luminalsiden av en arterie, samt delvis ligation12 eller mansjett plassering13 rundt arterien. Ballong- og trådskaden både denude endotellaget av arterien, etterligne hva som skjer klinisk etter angioplastikk. Spesielt bruker ballongskademodeller lignende verktøy som i klinisk setting (f.eks. ballongkateter). Ballongskaden utføres best i rottemodeller, da rottearterier er en passende størrelse for kommersielt tilgjengelige ballongkateter. Her beskriver vi en trykkkontrollert segmental arteriell skade, en veletablert, modifisert versjon av rottekarotisarterieballongskade. Denne trykkkontrollerte tilnærmingen etterligner nøye den kliniske angioplastikkprosedyren, og muliggjør reproduserbar neointimal hyperplasidannelse to uker etter skade14,15. I tillegg resulterer denne trykkkontrollerte arterielle skaden i fullstendig endotellagrestaurering med 2 uker etter operasjonen16. Dette kontrasterer direkte den opprinnelige ballongskademodellen, beskrevet av Clowes, hvor endeotellaget aldri går tilbake til full dekning3.
Etter operasjonen kan terapeutiske midler brukes på eller rettes mot den skadede arterien gjennom flere tilnærminger. Metoden som er beskrevet her, bruker periadventitial bruk av et lite molekyl innebygd i en pluronisk gelløsning. Spesielt bruker vi en løsning på 100 μM cinnamisk aldehyd i 25% Pluronic-F127 gel til arterien umiddelbart etter skade for å hemme neointimal hyperplasidannelse15. Pluronic-F127 er en giftfri, termo-reversibel gel i stand til å levere legemidler lokalt på en kontrollert måte17. I mellomtiden er arteriell skade lokal, derfor tillater lokal administrasjon å teste et aktivt prinsipp samtidig som off-target effekter minimeres. Likevel vil effektiv levering av en terapeutisk ved hjelp av denne metoden avhenge av kjemien til det lille molekylet eller biologiske som brukes.

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		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:327px;">1 mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14955450</td>
			<td style="width:183px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 mL Syringe with needle</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309626</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2 French Fogarty Balloon Embolectomy Catheter</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Edwards LifeSciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">120602F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4-0 Ethilon (Nylon) Suture</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Ethicon Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">662H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4-0 Vicryl Suture</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Ethicon Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J214H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7-0 Prolene Suture</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Ethicon Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8800H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">70% ethyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:148px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:327px;">Anti-Rabbit Alexa Fluor 647</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A21245</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Atropine Sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Vedco Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>for veterinary use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cotton Swabs</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Puritan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">806-WC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Curved Hemostats</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13009-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fine Curved Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11203-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fine Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14090-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gauze</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Covidien</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2252</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:327px;">IHC-Tek Diluent (pH 7.4)</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">IHC World</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IW-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Insufflator</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Merit Medical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IN4130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Iodine solution</td>
			<td style="width:148px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lubricating Eye Ointment</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Dechra</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>for veterinary use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mayo Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14010-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro Serrefines</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18055-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microdissection Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15004-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro-Serrefine Clamp Applying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18057-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Needle Holder</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12003-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pluronic-127 (diluted in sterile water)</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P2443</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">25% prepared</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:327px;">Rabbit Anti-CD31</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab28364</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Retractor</td>
			<td style="width:148px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Bent paper clips work well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rimadyl (Carprofen)</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Zoetis Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>for veterinary use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Saline solution</td>
			<td style="width:148px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11006-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile Drape</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Dynarex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">T-Pins</td>
			<td style="width:148px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a rat carotid artery pressure-controlled segmental balloon injury with periadventitial therapeutic application

Kardiovaskulær sykdom er fortsatt den ledende dødsårsaken og funksjonshemming over hele verden, delvis på grunn av aterosklerose. Aterosklerotisk plakk begrenser luminaloverflaten i arteriene og reduserer dermed tilstrekkelig blodstrøm til organer og distale vev. Klinisk tar revaskulariseringsprosedyrer som ballongangoplastikk med eller uten stentplassering sikte på å gjenopprette blodstrømmen. Selv om disse prosedyrene gjenoppretter blodstrømmen ved å redusere plakkbyrden, skader de karveggen, som initierer arteriell helbredende respons. Den langvarige helbredende responsen forårsaker arteriell restenose, eller re-innsnevring, til slutt begrense den langsiktige suksessen til disse revaskularisering prosedyrer. Derfor er prekliniske dyremodeller integrert for å analysere de patofysilogiske mekanismene som driver restenose, og gir mulighet til å teste nye terapeutiske strategier. Murine modeller er billigere og enklere å operere på enn store dyremodeller. Ballong- eller trådskader er de to allment aksepterte skademodalitetene som brukes i murine-modeller. Ballongskademodeller etterligner spesielt den kliniske angioplastikkprosedyren og forårsaker tilstrekkelig skade på arterien for utvikling av restenose. Her beskriver vi de kirurgiske detaljene for å utføre og histologisk analysere den modifiserte, trykkstyrte rottekarotisarterieballongskademodellen. I tillegg fremhever denne protokollen hvordan lokal periadventitial anvendelse av terapeutiske midler kan brukes til å hemme neointimal hyperplasi. Til slutt presenterer vi lysarkfluorescensmikroskopi som en ny tilnærming for avbildning og visualisering av arteriell skade i tredimensjoner.

Figur 1 viser alle materialer og kirurgiske verktøy som brukes til å utføre denne operasjonen. Hematoksylin & eosin (H&E) farging av to ukers skadet arteriell tverrsnitt gir klar visualisering av neointimal hyperplasi. Figur 2 viser representative bilder av H&E-farget arterielle tverrsnitt av en sunn, skadet og behandlet arterie. Figur 2 skisserer også hvordan man kvantifiserer nivået av neointimal hyperplasi i en skadet arteri...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application at JoVE.com

A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application

Rottekarotisarterieballongskaden etterligner den kliniske angioplastikkprosedyren som utføres for å gjenopprette blodstrømmen i aterosklerotiske kar. Denne modellen induserer arteriell skaderespons ved å distending arteriell vegg, og denuding det intimale laget av endotelceller, til slutt forårsaker ombygging og en intimal hyperplastisk respons.

En rotte carotis arterie trykkkontrollert segmental ballong skade med periadventitial terapeutisk applikasjon

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Pressure Controlled Ventilation to Induce Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Murine models are extensively used to investigate acute injuries of different organs systems (1-34). Acute lung injury (ALI), which occurs with prolonged ...

Catheterization of the Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein to Perform Hemodynamic Measures, Infusions and Blood Sampling in a Conscious Rat Model

Kateterisering av halspulsåren og halsvenen å utføre Hemodynamiske Tiltak, infusjoner og blodprøvetaking i en bevisst Rat Modell

The success of a small animal model to study critical illness is, in part, dependent on the ability of the model to simulate the human condition. ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

Carotisar infusjoner for farmakokinetiske og farmakodynamiske Analyse av Taxaner i Mus

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

Vaskulær Balloon Injury og Intraluminal Administration i Rat arteria carotis

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and ...

Murine Model of Femoral Artery Wire Injury with Implantation of a Perivascular Drug Delivery Patch

Murine Modell av lårarteriens Wire Injury med Implantasjon av en perivaskulære Drug Delivery Patch

Percutaneous interventions including balloon angioplasty and stenting have been used to restore blood flow in vessels with occlusive vascular disease. ...

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Utføre Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral med arteria carotis communis okklusjon i eldre rotter å studere kortikal iskemi med vedvarende Disability

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

En rotte Carotis Balloon Injury Modell Test Anti-vaskulær remodelle Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model

Metode for direkte Segmental Intra-lever Levering Ved hjelp av en rottelever hilar Clamp Model

Major hepatic surgery with inflow occlusion, and liver transplantation, necessitate a period of warm ischemia, and a period of reperfusion leading to ...

The Rabbit Model of Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Methodological Perspective of the Iliac Artery Balloon Injury

Kanin modell av akselerert aterosklerose: et metodisk perspektiv iliaca arterien ballong skaden

Acute coronary syndrome resulting from coronary occlusion following atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture is the leading cause of death in the ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

I Vivo Genoverføring til kaninen felles arteria carotis endotelet

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves ...