Name: external cephalic version: is it an effective and safe procedure?
Uploaded: 2020-06-06T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure? at JoVE.com

我们感谢所有在这个项目上合作的助产士和麻醉师。大卫·西莫特别与这个项目合作，记录这个程序。

这项研究得到了大学临床医院"阿里哈卡维尔根"临床研究委员会的批准。获得所有与会者的书面知情同意。
1. 在咨询时提供外部头脑版本（36 周）
<ol><li>通过超声波识别胎儿位置。<ol>
<li>在病人的腹部涂抹超声波凝胶。</li>
		<li>将腹部探针放在低胃区域。</li>
		<li>确定胎儿位置。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>提供外部头脑版本。</li>
	<li>获得患者签字的知情同意。</li>
</ol><p class="jove_tit...

<ol>
	<li>Melo, P., Georgiou, E. X., Hedditch, A., Ellaway, P., Impey, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=External+cephalic+version+at+term:+a+cohort+study+of+18+years'+experience.">External cephalic version at term: a cohort study of 18 years' experience.</a> British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 126, 493-499 (2019).</li><li>Hofmeyr, G. J., Kulier, R., West, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=External+cephalic+version+for+breech+presentation+at+term.">External cephalic version for breech presentation at term.</a> Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4, 83 (2015).</li><li>Isakov, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prediction+of+Success+in+External+Cephalic+Version+for+Breech+Presentation+at+Term.">Prediction of Success in External Cephalic Version for Breech Presentation at Term.</a> Obstetrics and Gynecology. 133 (5), 857-866 (2019).</li><li>Ebner, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predictors+for+a+successful+external+cephalic+version:+a+single+centre+experience.">Predictors for a successful external cephalic version: a single centre experience.</a> Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 293 (4), 749-755 (2016).</li><li>Castan&#771;er-Ma&#769;rmol, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Results of external cephalic version in our area without rutinary tocolysis. Review and implementation strategy. , (2015).</li><li>Burgos, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probability+of+cesarean+delivery+after+successful+external+cephalic+version.">Probability of cesarean delivery after successful external cephalic version.</a> International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics. 131 (2), 192-195 (2015).</li><li>Mu&#241;oz, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=External+cephalic+version+at+term:+accumulated+experience.">External cephalic version at term: accumulated experience.</a> Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecolog&#237;a. 48 (12), 574-580 (2005).</li><li>Velzel, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atosiban+versus+fenoterol+as+a+uterine+relaxant+for+external+cephalic+version:+randomised+controlled+trial.">Atosiban versus fenoterol as a uterine relaxant for external cephalic version: randomised controlled trial.</a> British Medical Journal. 356 (26), 6773 (2017).</li><li>Thissen, D., Swinkels, P., Dullemond, R. C., van der Steeg, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Introduction+of+a+dedicated+team+increases+the+success+rate+of+external+cephalic+version:+A+prospective+cohort+study.">Introduction of a dedicated team increases the success rate of external cephalic version: A prospective cohort study.</a> European Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 236 (3), 193-197 (2019).</li><li>Hindawi, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Value+and+pregnancy+outcome+of+external+cephalic+versi&#243;n.">Value and pregnancy outcome of external cephalic versi&#243;n.</a> Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 11 (4), 633-639 (2005).</li><li>Levin, G., Rottenstreich, A., Weill, Y., Pollack, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+bladder+volume+in+the+success+of+external+cephalic+version.">The role of bladder volume in the success of external cephalic version.</a> European Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 230, 178-181 (2018).</li><li>Vani, S., Lau, S. Y., Lim, B. K., Omar, S. Z., Tan, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravenous+salbutamol+for+external+cephalic+version.">Intravenous salbutamol for external cephalic version.</a> International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics. 104, 28-31 (2009).</li><li>Sullivan, J. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+randomized+controlled+trial+of+the+effect+of+combined+spinal-epidural+analgesia+on+the+success+of+external+cephalic+version+for+breech+presentation.">A randomized controlled trial of the effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia on the success of external cephalic version for breech presentation.</a> International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 18, 328-334 (2009).</li><li>Weiniger, C. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Randomized+controlled+trial+of+external+cephalic+version+in+term+multiparae+with+or+without+spinal+analgesia.">Randomized controlled trial of external cephalic version in term multiparae with or without spinal analgesia.</a> British Journal of Anaesthesia. 104 (5), 613-618 (2010).</li><li>Grootscholten, K., Kok, M., Oei, S. G., Mol, B. W., van der Post, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=External+cephalic+version-related+risks:+a+meta-analysis.">External cephalic version-related risks: a meta-analysis.</a> Obstetrics and Gynecology. 112 (5), 1143-1151 (2008).</li><li>Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Ginecolog&#237;a y Obstetricia. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=External+cephalic+version+(updated+March+2014).">External cephalic version (updated March 2014).</a> Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecolog&#237;a. 58 (7), 337-340 (2015).</li><li>Chaudhary, S., Contag, S., Yao, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+maternal+body+mass+index+on+external+cephalic+version+success.">The impact of maternal body mass index on external cephalic version success.</a> Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 32, 21-59 (2019).</li><li>de Hundt, M., Velzel, J., de Groot, C. J., Mol, B. W., Kok, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mode+of+delivery+after+successful+external+cephalic+version:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Mode of delivery after successful external cephalic version: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Obstetrics and Gynecology. 123 (6), 1327-1334 (2014).</li><li>Krueger, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Labour+Outcomes+After+Successful+External+Cephalic+Version+Compared+With+Spontaneous+Cephalic+Version.">Labour Outcomes After Successful External Cephalic Version Compared With Spontaneous Cephalic Version.</a> Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Canada. 40, 61-67 (2018).</li><li>Kean, L. H., Suwanrath, C., Gargari, S. S., Sahota, D. S., James, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+fetal+behaviour+in+breech+and+cephalic+presentations+at+term.">A comparison of fetal behaviour in breech and cephalic presentations at term.</a> British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 106, 1209-1213 (1999).</li></ol>

本文介绍了执行 ECV 的过程。本研究中的ECV程序成功率为82.5%（78.1-86.4%），高于国际文献中的成功率49.0%（47-50.9%）1、2、3、4或1,2,3,4西班牙文学53.49%（42.9-64.0%）5、6、7。5,6,7这种差异可能是由于在手术前使用溶血剂，如Velzel等人<sup...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/60636">External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?</a>. Figure 1 was updated from:
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/60636/60636fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Comparison of type of delivery: General pregnant population in 2018, ECV cohort between 2014-2018, Successful ECV cohort between 2014-2018. * Chi-squared test: p&#60;0.05. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/60636/60636fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
to:
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/60636/60636fig1v3.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Comparison of type of delivery: General pregnant population in 2018, ECV cohort between 2014-2018, Successful ECV cohort between 2014-2018. * Chi-squared test: p&#60;0.05. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/60636/60636fig1v2large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/60636">External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?</a>. Figure 1 was updated.

Erratum: External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

外部头脑版本 （ECV） 是一种修改胎儿位置和实现头脑呈现的过程。ECV 的目标是为头脑分娩提供机会，众所周知，这比胆囊或剖腹产更安全。ECV 通常在活动劳动期开始之前执行。与较高的ECV成功率相关的因素包括11，4：4多分，横向表现，黑色种族，后胎盘，羊水指数高于10厘米。
然而，ECV不是一个无害的程序，可能会出现77，1111内版本并发症，如膜过早破裂，阴道出血，胎儿心率的短暂变化，脐带脱垂，突然胎盘，甚至死产。
在本文中，我们分析了在肛门和托锁术下执行的ETV。迄今为止，还没有发布任何视频报告，说明如何用肛门和托锁功能执行此过程。本研究的主要目的是展示ECV是如何执行的。我们还描述了一些可以提高程序成功的关键操作。作为次要目标，分析了ECV根据特定协议获得的结果，并结合文献进行了对比。我们还分析了与ECV成功率、分娩类型以及非ECV孕妇的分娩类型进行比较的因素。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1081px;" width="1081">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="56">
			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:267px;">Avalon FM20 Fetal monitor</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Koninklijke Philips N.V</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:511px;">https://www.usa.philips.com/healthcare/product/HC862198/avalon-fm20-fetal-monitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Convex Array Probe 4C-RS</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">General Electric Health Care Company</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:511px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;width:267px;">Aquasonic&#174; 100 Ultrasound Transmission Gel</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Parker Laboratories, INC</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:511px;">https://www.parkerlabs.com/aquasonic-100.asp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Propofol Lipuro (10 mg/mL Inject 20 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">B. Braun Medical, SA</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:511px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Ritodrine Pre-par (10 mg/mL)</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Laboratorio Reig Jofr&#233;, S.A</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:511px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;width:267px;">Viridia series 50 XM Fetal Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Koninklijke Philips N.V</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:511px;">https://www.usa.philips.com/healthcare/product/HC865071/avalon-fm50-fetal-monitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:267px;">Voluson P6</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">General Electric Health Care Company</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:511px;">https://www.ge-sonostore.com/en/voluson/p6</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

external cephalic version: is it an effective and safe procedure?

外部头脑版本 （ECV） 是减少剖腹产数量的有效程序。迄今为止，没有显示此过程方法的视频出版物。主要目标是演示如何在手术和肛门之前使用带有托锁酶的特定协议执行ECV。此外，我们描述和分析与成功ECV相关的因素，并比较一般怀孕人口的分娩。
评估了2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间在穆尔西亚（西班牙）的Virgen de A Arrixaca医院对ECV进行的回顾性和描述性分析。西班牙最大的产产科——当地中心提供的最新劳动力交付数据来自2018年。
在研究过程中，招募了320名病人，3名孕妇失踪。ECV在妊娠37~3周时进行。ECV 在 82.5% （N=264） 中取得了成功。19例并发症（5.9%）：8次阴道出血（2.5%），9例胎儿心动过心（2.8%），1膜前期破裂（0.3%）和 1 条线脱垂 （0.3%）。以前的阴道分娩增加了ECV或调整的成功率=3.03（1.62-5.68）。母体质量指数 （BMI） 影响 ECV 或调整的 ±0.94 （0.89-0.99） 的成功。BMI>40 kg/m2的患者与 BMI <25 kg/m2的患者相比，OR调整后为 ±0.09 （0.009-0.89）。如果ECV成功，剖腹产指数为22.2%（17.5-27.6%），输信率为52.1%（46.1-58.1%）检测性阴道分娩指数为25.7%（20.7-31.2%）。成功ECV后，剖腹产和输信量指数没有差异。但是，成功的 ECV 与仪器交付率 （OR=1.63） 的 6.29% 增长相关。
ECV 是减少剖腹产数量的有效程序。产妇BMI和以前的阴道分娩与ECV的成功有关。成功的 ECV 不会修改通常的交付模式。

2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间，共招募了320名患者。在ECV之后的随访中，有三名病人在随访中失踪，因为分娩没有在我们的医院进行。
统计数据来自原始数据。为了研究组之间的差异，未配对的学生 t 测试用于定量变量和二分变量的奇方测试。所有测试都是双尾的，显著性为0.05。
所有病人的平均年龄为33.18岁。55.6%的患者是无效的。只有13名患者 （4.1%?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure? at JoVE.com

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

本文展示了两名经验丰富的产科医生在麻醉师和助产士在场的情况下如何执行外部头脑版本（ECV）。ECV 与失痛和托锁功能一起执行。在超声控制下进行了两次尝试。

外部脑积水版本：它是一个有效和安全的程序吗？

External cephalic version (ECV) is an effective procedure for reducing the number of cesarean sections. To date, there is no video publication showing the ...

外部头型版本。这是一个有效和安全的程序吗？外部头型是一种改变胎儿位置和实现头型表达的程序。ECV的目的是提供一个机会，有一个头足分娩的风险比小毛刺或剖腹产。ECV 通常在活动分娩期开始之前完成。本研究的目的是展示如何执行ECV，并描述有助于改进这一程序成功的关键行动。我们的次要目标是分析ECV的结果与我们的特定协议与解合和镇痛，并与那些在文献中比较。这项研究得到了大学临床医院阿尔里卡医院临床研究委员会的批准。所有与会者都获得书面知情同意。2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日，在穆尔西亚的维尔根-拉里卡大学医院诊所对ECV进行了描述性回顾性分析。手术由妇产科四名有经验的产科医生中两人执行。在ECV期间，有助产士和麻醉师在场。在第三个三个月超声扫描胎儿呈现检查。如果评估非头型表现，患者下周就座。在咨询期间，ECV提供给每一个怀孕的非脑体表现和没有绝对禁忌的阴道分娩。然后，程序安排在下一周。提供外部头型版本在咨询。通过超声波识别胎儿位置提供外部头型版本，签署知情同意。在产科急诊室接受。通过超声波识别胎儿的位置。准备病人，并在测试和知情同意的情况下接受要求。在产科产房内接受。对胎儿的福祉进行心电图评估。准备利德林溶液。在手术前30分钟内，以每小时60毫升的速度施用6毫克利托德林。请患者排空膀胱。在搬到产科手术室之前，请停止输液灌注。产科手术室外头体手术。搬到产科手术室。监测产妇生命体征。将患者定位在德杰伦堡。有两个选项用于执行镇痛。用异丙酚或脊柱麻醉来给病人做盐。外部头型版本程序遵循国家准则，两次尝试完成。没有了。产科医生 A 提升胎儿臀部。然后，当它实现，产科医生一指导胎儿臀部到基金。当它实现时，产科医生B将胎儿头直接到骨盆。通过超声波识别胎儿的体就。检查阴道出血，并进行心电图评估胎儿健康。后来搬到了产科产房。在至少四小时内对胎儿健康进行心电图评估。出院病人胎儿福祉的心电图评估应在24小时内重复。2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日间招募了320名患者。三个病人迷路了。平均在37个加三周的妊娠期进行ECV。ECV在82.5%的内向并发症中成功发生，在近6%的胎儿心动过速超过6分钟，8个阴道出血，1个脐带脱垂和一个前期破裂的膜在24小时内。新生儿没有新生儿住院，也没有新生儿重症监护室。这些是ECV的结果和特点。应当指出，在失败组的患者中，无效性更为普遍。应当强调的是，BMI之间没有区别。需要强调的是，镇痛是ETV期间镇痛最常见的方法，只有三名患者对ECV进行脊柱麻醉。根据 ECV 结果，这些是结果和交付。应该指出，近78%的ECV成功患者有阴道分娩。52% 有欧托契奇交付和 26 仪器交付。这是用于预测ECV结果的多变量逻辑回归模型。应该强调的是，以前的阴道分娩改善了成功的可能性与调整的赔率比3。孕产妇身体质量指数降低了成功的可能性，调整后的赔率比为0.94。这是用于根据 BMI 预测 ECV 结果的多变量逻辑回归模型。应该注意的是，BMI高于40的患者成功的可能性要小很多，赔率比为0.09。这是交货类型的比较。应该注意的是，在成功ECV患者和一般怀孕人群之间，剖腹产率和月分分娩率没有差异。然而，成功ECV患者的检测分娩率高于一般孕妇。在 ECV 成功后，空值是统计上与仪器交付相关的唯一因素，调整后的赔率比率为 9。在ETV成功后，BMI是统计上与紧急剖腹产有关的唯一因素，调整后的赔率比为1.11。在ECV成功后，与一般人群相比，仪器交付率提高了8.56%，这意味着赔率比率为1.63。ECV手术率高于文献和西班牙。应当指出，有些步骤被认为是关键的，可能不同于其他步骤，如手术前排空膀胱，仅在ECV前使用解合，或用异丙酚或脊柱麻醉镇痛。膀胱体积在ECV的成功中起着重要的作用。高程序成功率的原因可能是使用这个协议与解毒和镇痛，经验丰富的团队和助产士和麻醉师的存在。ECV并发症率为5.94%，与文献相似。应该指出，使用解虫和镇痛会增加阴道出血和塞肠突然性的风险。成功的ECV不会修改欧托克的交付率。成功的ECV不会改变剖腹产率。成功的ECV提高仪器交付率与赔率比1.63，这是类似于文献。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Protocol for Genetic Induction and Visualization of Benign and Invasive Tumors in Cephalic Complexes of Drosophila melanogaster

A Protocol for Genetic Induction and Visualization of Benign and Invasive Tumors in Cephalic Complexes of Drosophila melanogaster

一个协议，用于基因诱导和良性和浸润性肿瘤可视化的头侧配合<em&gt;果蝇</em

Drosophila has illuminated our  understanding of the genetic basis of normal development and disease for the  past several decades and today it continues ...

科研

医学

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models

可调节刚度，外固定支架的大鼠股骨截骨和节段性骨缺损模型

The mechanical environment around the healing of broken bone is very important as it determines the way the fracture will heal. Over the past decade there ...

Procedure for Human Saphenous Veins Ex Vivo Perfusion and External Reinforcement

Procedure for Human Saphenous Veins Ex Vivo Perfusion and External Reinforcement

步骤人类隐静脉<em&gt;前体内</em&gt;灌注和外部强化

The mainstay of contemporary therapies for extensive occlusive arterial disease is venous bypass graft. However, its durability is threatened by intimal ...

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

青光眼诱导在程序<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;大鼠模型和全安装视网膜准备

Glaucoma is a disease of the central nervous system affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGC axons making up the optic nerve carry visual input to the ...

Pancreatic Duct Infusion: An Effective and Selective Method of Drug and Viral Delivery

胰腺管输液：药物和病毒输送的有效和选择性方法

The pancreas is a bifunctional organ with both endocrine and exocrine components. A number of pathologies can afflict the pancreas, including diabetes, ...

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

抗疟药的紫外线-Vis和裸眼测定优化的格里斯反应

Primaquine (PMQ), an important anti-malarial drug, has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of life-threatening ...

Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion

在常规手部轮椅推进过程中确定和控制外部功率输出

The use of a manual wheelchair is critical to 1% of the world&#39;s population. Human powered wheeled mobility research has considerably matured, which ...

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

TBase - 肾移植受者的综合电子健康记录和研究数据库

TBase is an electronic health record (EHR) for kidney transplant recipients (KTR) combining automated data entry of key clinical data (e.g., laboratory ...

Focal Laser Ablation of Prostate Cancer: An Office Procedure

前列腺癌聚焦激光消融：办公室程序

In this article, we describe and illustrate an outpatient procedure for focal laser ablation (FLA) of prostate cancer (PCa). The procedure is conceptually ...

An Effective Mouse Model of Unilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

单侧肾缺血再灌注损伤的有效小鼠模型

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of acute renal failure and is a significant contributor to delayed graft function. Animal models ...