Name: evaluation of an exclusive spur dike u-turn design with radar-collected data and simulation
Uploaded: 2020-02-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation at JoVE.com

作者要感谢中国奖学金委员会为这项工作提供部分资金，文件号为201506560015。

1. 设备的准备
<ol><li>准备以下两个设备来收集双向流量：雷达、笔记本电脑、雷达和笔记本电脑的电池和电缆、相机以及雷达和相机三脚架。 注：雷达及其相应的软件用于收集车速和轨迹，这比速度枪更准确。如果其他设备可用于收集车速、轨迹和体积，则雷达不是唯一的选择。由于大型车辆可以轻松阻挡雷达信号，因此摄像机拍摄的视频可用于车辆计数。在调查期间，如果天气是阴雨或晴?...

<ol>
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本文讨论了利用仿真解决交叉口或短段交通问题的过程。有几点值得特别注意，这里将详细讨论。
现场数据收集是首先值得注意的。数据收集位置的一些要求如下：1） 为数据收集寻找合适的位置。该位置应类似于研究中的道路几何形状，这是数据收集的前提。2） 通过找到足够的间隙，确定雷达和其他设备的设定位置，在雷达信号无法阻挡的情况下。可以使用一些最先进的?...

一些交通问题，如交叉口或短路段的交通拥堵，可以通过优化道路设计、改变信号时序、交通管理测量和其他交通技术1、2、3、4来解决或改善。与原始情况相比，这些改进对流量操作有积极或消极的影响。交通操作的变化可以在交通模拟软件中进行比较，而不是在交叉路口或段的实际重建中进行比较。在提出一个或多个改进计划时，流量模拟方法是一种快速而廉价的选择，尤其是在比较不同的改进计划或评估改进效果时。本文通过评价专用支线堤U型转弯车道设计的交通流量运行特性，介绍了通过仿真解决交通问题的过程。
U 形转弯移动是一种广泛的交通需求，需要在路上打开 U 形转弯中位数，但这一点一直存在争议。设计 U 轮开口可能会导致交通拥堵，而关闭 U 轮开口可能会导致 U 型转弯车辆的绕行。U 型转弯车辆和直左转车辆需要 U 型转弯，导致交通延误、停车甚至事故。提出了一些解决U型转弯运动的弊端的技术，如信号6、7、专用左转车道8、9、自动驾驶车辆10、11等。由于上述解决方案具有限制性应用，U 型转弯问题仍有改进潜力。新的 U 型转弯设计在某些情况下可能是更好的解决方案，能够解决现有问题。
最流行的U形转弯设计是中值U形转弯交叉口（MUTI）12，13，14，15，如图1所示。《交通法》的一个重要限制是，它不能区分U型转弯车辆和过往车辆，而且交通冲突仍然存在。一种经过修改的 U 型转弯设计，称为专用支线堤坝 U 型转弯车道 （ESUL;图 2）建议在中位数的两侧引入一条专属的U型转弯车道，以减少交通拥堵。ESUL 可以显著减少行驶时间、延迟以及由于两个流量的通道而停靠的次数。
为了证明ESUL比普通MUTI更有效，需要一个严格的协议。ESUL 实际上不能在理论模型之前构造;因此，需要模拟18。利用交通流量参数，一些关键车型已用于仿真研究19个，如驾驶行为模型20、21、车后22、23、U型转弯车型4、车道变换模型21。交通流量模拟的精度在16、24日被广泛接受。在这项研究中，MUTI 和 ESUL 都进行了模拟，收集了数据，以比较 ESUL 的改进。为了保证准确性，还模拟了 ESUL 的敏感分析，该分析可应用于许多不同的交通状况。
该协议提供了解决实际交通问题的实验过程。提出了交通数据采集、数据分析、交通综合效率提高分析的方法。该过程可以概括为五个步骤：1）流量数据收集，2）数据分析，3）仿真模型构建，4）模拟模型校准，5）操作性能灵敏度分析。如果五个步骤中的任一要求未得到满足，则该过程不完整，不足以证明有效性。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Battery</td>
			<td>Beijing Aozeer Technology Company</td>
			<td>LPB-568S</td>
			<td>Capacity: 3.7v/50000mAh. Two ports, DC 1 out:19v/5A (max), for one laptop. DC 2 out:12v/3A (max), for one radar.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Battery Cable</td>
			<td>Beijing Aozeer Technology Company</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Connect one battery with one laptop.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera</td>
			<td>SONY</td>
			<td>a6000/as50r</td>
			<td>The videos shot by the cameras were 1080p, which means the resolution is 1920*1080.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera Tripod</td>
			<td>WEI FENG</td>
			<td>3560/3130</td>
			<td>The camera tripod height is 1.4m.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laptop</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td>C2H2L82</td>
			<td>Operate Windows 7 basic system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matlab Software</td>
			<td>MathWorks</td>
			<td>R2016a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radar</td>
			<td>Beijing Aozeer Technology Company</td>
			<td>SD/D CADX-0037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radar Software</td>
			<td>Beijing Aozeer Technology Company</td>
			<td>Datalogger</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radar Tripod</td>
			<td>Beijing Aozeer Technology Company</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Corresponding tripods which could connect with radars, the height is 2m at most.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reflective Vest</td>
			<td>Customized</td>
			<td>No Catalog Number</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VISSIM Software</td>
			<td>PTV AG group</td>
			<td>PTV vissim 10.00-07 student version</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaluation of an exclusive spur dike u-turn design with radar-collected data and simulation

传统的 U 型转弯设计可以明显改进操作功能，而 U 型转弯分流和合并段仍会导致交通拥堵、冲突和延迟。这里提出了一种独特的支线堤坝U型转弯车道设计（ESUL），以解决传统U型转弯设计的缺点。为了评估ESUL的运行性能，需要一种流量仿真协议。整个仿真过程包括五个步骤：数据收集、数据分析、仿真模型构建、仿真校准和敏感分析。数据收集和仿真模型构建是两个关键步骤，稍后将进行更详细的介绍。评估中常用三个指标（行驶时间、延迟和停靠点数），其他参数可根据实验需要从仿真中测量。结果表明，ESUL显著地降低了传统U型转弯设计的缺点。仿真可用于解决微观交通问题，例如在单个或多个相邻交叉路口或短段中。此方法不适用于没有数据收集的大规模公路网络或评估。

图 2显示了 U 形转弯中位数开仓的 ESUL 的图示。WENS 表示四个基本方向。主干道有六条车道，有两个方向。绿化带在两侧划分非机动车道，中间划分两个方向。流量1是东西通过交通，流量2是东向东U转流，流量3是西向东通过交通，流量4是西向西U转交通。
ESUL 内部 2 车道的功能是分流、减速、U 型转弯、加...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation at JoVE.com

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation

该协议描述了通过仿真解决微观交通问题的过程。整个过程包含数据收集、数据分析、仿真模型构建、仿真校准和敏感分析的详细说明。还讨论了该方法的修改和故障排除。

利用雷达采集的数据和仿真评估独家刺堤 U 型转弯设计

Traditional U-turn designs can improve operational features obviously, while U-turn diversions and merge segments still cause traffic congestion, ...

本视频旨在展示雷达采集交通数据的过程，通过仿真模型进行评价。每次我们通过一个 U 转中位开口， 我都找到了一种方法， 让汽车减速， 甚至停车。因此，我们希望设计一个特殊的U车转弯车道，使通过和U转车辆分开，并减少由U转车辆造成的交通问题。我们使用雷达收集真实的交通数据，并使用 WaSiM 仿真软件来评估这些近区 U 转弯车道的改进。车辆两个方向应同时使用两个雷达。早高峰的交通运行情况。同时，晚上高峰期，我们的数据应该全部收集。流量数据收集至少需要两个方向的数据。所有必要的设备如下：两个雷达，笔记本电脑，电池，电缆，相机和相应的三脚架雷达和相机，一个反光背心也需要为大家的安全。一开始为每个人穿反光背心。准备雷达三脚架，将三脚架尽可能高。将雷达安装在三脚架顶部并锁定。在路边设置雷达，约半米。垂直调整雷达，朝向车辆方向或相反方向。打开电源电池。将笔记本电脑连接到电源电池。插入雷达电源线，然后将雷达数据 USB 与笔记本电脑连接。然后所有电缆都连接得很好。打开笔记本电脑。在雷达旁边设置摄像头以拍摄车辆流量。现在，所有设备安装都完成了。打开雷达软件。单击通信检查"选择雷达 ID 号，将显示检测到的雷达"与 ID 号。单击"调查"设置"单击读取 RLU 时间"并连续设置 RLU 时间。然后单击"开始调查"并关闭对话框。单击"实时视图"以检查雷达状态。当车辆经过雷达位置时，数据将被雷达捕获。这意味着所有部件都工作良好。关闭实时检查窗口并单击"选择结束调查""选择结束调查"并确认它，然后关闭对话框。选择"数据下载"浏览桌面以保存数据并输入文件的名称。单击"开始下载"按钮。单击"确认"以完成数据收集。单击"调查设置"，然后单击"擦除数据记录"，并在下一个对话框中确认，以清除雷达的内部存储器。位置必须与研究中的交点类型类似。高速公路需要 U 转中位开口，需要足够长的时间视线和间隙，这是调查人员的雷达和安全所必需的。该地点必须有足够的安全位置供设备和调查人员使用。调整雷达方向。将摄像机放在雷达旁边，在那里它可以捕获所有通道。重复在人行天桥上安装所有设备的过程。在数据收集过程中，请继续检查所有设备的工作。从雷达数据文件中提取轨迹和速度，并从视频中获取流量。选择最高流量组作为代表性数据。打开仿真软件。单击"内部地图"按钮并放大地图以查找数据位置。单击左侧的链接，然后将光标移动到链接的开始位置，然后右键单击。选择新链接。输入链接名称、通道数，然后单击"确定"拖动光标在地图上绘制链接。右键单击链接，然后选择"添加点""添加点和直接点，使链接更平滑，并在地图中绘制实际路线路线路线。重复此步骤三次以构建四个段，但 U 圈中位数开点除外。将鼠标右键放在鼠标上，在键盘上设置控制按钮。将一个链接的端点拖动到相邻链接以连接链接。重复此步骤以连接所有链路和 U 转路由。从顶部栏中选择"基础数据"。选择"分布"并单击"所需速度"单击底部的环交叉端按钮以添加新的所需速度并命名它。输入从代表性数据收集的最大速度，如我们的速度一样高，每个速度计算为最低所需速度。以此所需速度删除默认数据。从顶部栏中选择"列表"按钮。单击专用运输"然后单击车辆组合"单击环交叉添加按钮以添加新的车辆组合。然后选择"希望速度带"在汽车的最后一步，然后单击添加"按钮添加另一个车辆类型的卡车。汽车和卡车的输入量和来自代表性数据的实际流量。从左侧菜单栏中选择车辆路线。将光标移到上游一个链接作为起点。右键单击并选择"添加新的静态车辆路线决策"拖动蓝色光标以绘制地图上的所有车辆路线作为真实路线。从左侧菜单栏中选择"速度降低区域"。右键单击 U 圈转弯开口的关闭路线，然后选择新的降低速度区域。区域的长度取决于代表性数据。速度更改长度并为此区域构建两个方向。从左侧菜单栏中选择"冲突区域"。四个黄色冲突区将显示在中间开口部分。右键单击黄色区域并选择"设置状态"以不确定为真实情况。从左侧选择车辆行驶时间。右键单击一个链接的开头，然后选择"添加新的车辆行驶时间测量"将光标拖动到链路的末尾，以构建一个车辆行驶时间测量。对所有车辆路线重复此步骤。选择车辆输入"从左，然后单击一个链接的启动点，右键单击添加新车辆输入"，然后将鼠标移到左下角，然后从代表性数据输入音量。对所有链接重复此步骤。建立另一个ESUL仿真模型作为比较。仅需要修改 U 圈开口部件。单击界面顶部的蓝色播放按钮，模拟将开始。拖动播放按钮左侧的刻度以调整模拟速度。仪器按钮快速模式可以使仿真速度达到最大。当模拟结束时，所有结果将显示在界面的底部。下一步将分析结果。将收集的数据输入仿真模型。运行模拟并获取仿真结果。可以从结果生成模拟卷，然后与收集的卷进行比较。收集的体积和模拟体积之间的差值称为平均绝对百分比误差。当 MAPE 较小时，仿真精度是可以接受的。代表性数据总结了三组数据：U-转率、体积和其他参数。将 U-turn 比率分为五个类别，将体积划分为九个类别，并在以下情况下保持其他参数稳定。因此，45个模拟涵盖了所有情况。所有这些仿真结果验证了ESUL的有效性和改进。结果中显示了四个方向的交通流量，并配有三个索引：行驶时间、延迟和停靠点数。结果表明，在所有交通条件下，ESUL的改进效果显著。行驶时间、延迟和停靠点数是 WaSiM 模拟所需的三个索引。通过收集的数据和仿真结果，独家U转设计的改进就是其他一切。我们想用一种简单的方法解决一个现实的问题，可以应用于工程。此方法可用于单个交集或短段。此度量值的关键步骤是实际流量数据收集和构建的仿真模型。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

模拟，太赫兹超材料吸收器的制备与表征

Metamaterials (MM),  artificial materials engineered to have properties that may not be found in  nature, have been widely explored since the first ...

科研

工程学

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

电浆光电导太赫兹发射器的设计，制造和实验表征

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on ...

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation

可视化潜流流通过底形用染料试验及仿真

Advective exchange between the pore space of sediments and the overlying water column, called hyporheic exchange in fluvial environments, drives solute ...

Study of Siphon Breaker Experiment and Simulation for a Research Reactor

研究堆虹吸断路器试验与仿真研究

Under the design conditions of a research reactor, the siphon phenomenon induced by pipe rupture can cause continuous outward flow of water. To prevent ...

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

基于闭环控制策略的智能机器人模块化设计与制作

Intelligent robots are part of a new generation of robots that are able to sense the surrounding environment, plan their own actions and eventually reach ...

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

真空沉积有机发光二极管的生产与表征

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex ...

Design and Evaluation of Smart Glasses for Food Intake and Physical Activity Classification

食品摄取及运动分级智能眼镜的设计与评价

This study presents a series of protocols of designing and manufacturing a glasses-type wearable device that detects the patterns of temporalis muscle ...

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

一种水上光纤的设计与制造

In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with ...

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

一个100千瓦级的应用场磁等离子体动力学推进器

Applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters (AF-MPD thrusters) are hybrid accelerators in which electromagnetic and gas dynamic processes accelerate ...

Structural Design and Manufacturing of a Cruiser Class Solar Vehicle

巡洋舰级太阳能车的结构设计与制造

Cruisers are multi-occupant solar vehicles that are conceived to compete in long-range (over 3,000 km) solar races based on the best compromise between ...