Name: inducing acute liver injury in rats via carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) exposure through an orogastric tube
Uploaded: 2020-04-28T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube at JoVE.com

作者感谢内盖夫大学索罗卡医学中心病理学系的伯莎·德尔加多在实验室和组织学分析方面的帮助。

这些实验是根据《赫尔辛基和东京宣言》的建议和欧洲共同体《实验动物使用准则》进行的。这些实验得到了内盖夫本-古里安大学动物护理委员会的批准。
注：CCl4模型已经生成并用于以前的研究17。协议时间表在表 1中演示。
1. 为实验程序准备大鼠
注：选择成年雄性斯普拉格道利大鼠体重300~350?...

<ol>
	<li>Hoofnagle, J. H., Carithers, R. L., Shapiro, C., Ascher, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fulminant+hepatic+failure:+Summary+of+a+workshop.">Fulminant hepatic failure: Summary of a workshop.</a> Hepatology. 21 (1), 240-252 (1995).</li><li>Rakela, J., Lange, S. M., Ludwig, J., Baldus, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fulminant+hepatitis:+Mayo+clinic+experience+with+34+cases.">Fulminant hepatitis: Mayo clinic experience with 34 cases.</a> Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 60 (5), 289-292 (1985).</li><li>Riordan, S. M., Williams, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+hepatic+encephalopathy.">Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 337, 473-479 (1997).</li><li>Bernuau, J., Rueff, B., Benhamou, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fulminant+and+subfulminant+liver+failure:+Definitions+and+causes.">Fulminant and subfulminant liver failure: Definitions and causes.</a> Seminars in Liver Disease. 6 (2), 97-106 (1986).</li><li>Lidofsky, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+transplantation+for+fulminant+hepatic+failure.">Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure.</a> Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 22 (2), 257-269 (1993).</li><li>Auzinger, G., Wendon, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intensive+care+management+of+acute+liver+failure.">Intensive care management of acute liver failure.</a> Current opinion in critical care. 14 (2), 179-188 (2008).</li><li>Wu, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+of+regenerating+liver+after+partial+hepatectomy+from+carbon+tetrachloride+hepatotoxicity+in+rats:+Roles+of+mitochondrial+uncoupling+protein+2+and+ATP+stores.">Protection of regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy from carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats: Roles of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 and ATP stores.</a> Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 54 (9), 1918-1925 (2009).</li><li>Tu&#241;&#243;n, M. J., Alvarez, M., Culebras, J. M., Gonz&#225;lez-Gallego, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+overview+of+animal+models+for+investigating+the+pathogenesis+and+therapeutic+strategies+in+acute+hepatic+failure.">An overview of animal models for investigating the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in acute hepatic failure.</a> World Journal of Gastroenterologyl. 15 (25), 3086-3098 (2009).</li><li>van de Kerkhove, M. P., Hoekstra, R., van Gulik, T. M., Chamuleau, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+models+of+fulminant+hepatic+failure+in+artificial+and+bioartificial+liver+support+research.">Large animal models of fulminant hepatic failure in artificial and bioartificial liver support research.</a> Biomaterials. 25 (9), 1613-1625 (2004).</li><li>Butterworth, R. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+models+of+hepatic+encephalopathy:+ISHEN+guidelines.">Experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN guidelines.</a> Liver International. 29 (6), 783-788 (2009).</li><li>Zhang, B., Gong, D., Mei, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+of+regenerating+liver+after+partial+hepatectomy+from+carbon+tetrachloride+hepatotoxicity+in+rats:+Role+of+hepatic+stimulator+substance.">Protection of regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy from carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats: Role of hepatic stimulator substance.</a> Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 14 (10), 1010-1017 (1999).</li><li>Ugazio, G., Danni, O., Milillo, P., Burdino, E., Congiu, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+protection+against+carbon+tetrachloride+toxicity.+I.+prevention+of+lethal+effects+by+partial+surgical+hepatectomy.">Mechanism of protection against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. I. prevention of lethal effects by partial surgical hepatectomy.</a> Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 5 (2), 115-124 (1982).</li><li>Taniguchi, M., Takeuchi, T., Nakatsuka, R., Watanabe, T., Sato, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+process+in+acute+liver+injury+and+regeneration+induced+by+carbon+tetrachloride.">Molecular process in acute liver injury and regeneration induced by carbon tetrachloride.</a> Life Science. 75 (13), 1539-1549 (2004).</li><li>Gordis, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipid+metabolites+of+carbon+tetrachloride.">Lipid metabolites of carbon tetrachloride.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 48 (1), 203-209 (1969).</li><li>Albrecht, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+RNA+synthesis+in+experimental+hepatogenic+encephalopathy.">Cerebral RNA synthesis in experimental hepatogenic encephalopathy.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Research. 6 (4), 553-558 (1981).</li><li>Terblanche, J., Hickman, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+fulminant+hepatic+failure.">Animal models of fulminant hepatic failure.</a> Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 36 (6), 770-774 (1991).</li><li>Gruenbaum, B. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-free+DNA+as+a+potential+marker+to+predict+carbon+tetrachloride-induced+acute+liver+injury+in+rats.">Cell-free DNA as a potential marker to predict carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats.</a> Hepatology International. 7 (2), 721-727 (2013).</li><li>Juricek, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analytical+evaluation+of+the+clinical+chemistry+analyzer+Olympus+AU2700+plus.">Analytical evaluation of the clinical chemistry analyzer Olympus AU2700 plus.</a> Biochemia Medica. 20 (3), 334-340 (2010).</li><li>Feldman, A. T., Wolfe, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+processing+and+hematoxylin+and+eosin+staining.">Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1180, 31-43 (2014).</li><li>Wang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+effects+of+dehydrocavidine+on+carbon+tetrachloride-induced+acute+hepatotoxicity+in+rats.">Protective effects of dehydrocavidine on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 117 (2), 300-308 (2008).</li><li>Ye, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatoprotective+effects+of+coptidis+rhizoma+aqueous+extract+on+carbon+tetrachloride-induced+acute+liver+hepatotoxicity+in+rats.">Hepatoprotective effects of coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver hepatotoxicity in rats.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 124 (1), 130-136 (2009).</li><li>Wills, P. J., Asha, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+effect+of+lygodium+flexuosum+(L.)+sw.+extract+against+carbon+tetrachloride-induced+acute+liver+injury+in+rats.">Protective effect of lygodium flexuosum (L.) sw. extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 108 (3), 320-326 (2006).</li><li>Senior, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+for+hepatotoxicity:+What+is+the+predictive+value+of+liver+"function"+tests.">Monitoring for hepatotoxicity: What is the predictive value of liver "function" tests.</a> Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 85 (3), 331-334 (2009).</li><li>Karmen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+note+on+the+spectrometric+assay+of+glutamic-oxalacetic+transaminase+in+human+blood+serum.">A note on the spectrometric assay of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in human blood serum.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 34 (1), 131-133 (1955).</li><li>Hubner, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructural+liver+damage+caused+by+direct+action+of+carbon+tetrachloride+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.">Ultrastructural liver damage caused by direct action of carbon tetrachloride in vivo and in vitro.</a> Virchows Archiv fur Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und fur Klinische Medizin. 339 (3), 187-197 (1965).</li><li>Newsome, P. N., Plevris, J. N., Nelson, L. J., Hayes, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+fulminant+hepatic+failure:+A+critical+evaluation.">Animal models of fulminant hepatic failure: A critical evaluation.</a> Liver Transplantation. 6 (1), 21-31 (2000).</li></ol>

在此协议中，CCl4用作肝脏毒素，诱导大鼠体内的ALI。ALI的特点是肝胆痛的丧失以及肝脏代谢和合成功能的后续调节。药物、病毒、毒素、自身免疫性疾病、代谢疾病和血管疾病都诱发肝细胞死亡，随后的炎症反应有助于ALI的发病机制。
对肝脏的最初侮辱导致细胞因子的产生，化学基质释放，以及随后炎症细胞渗入肝脏。用于 ALI 评估的三种常见测试的生物标志物是 GP...

对肝脏的毒性侮辱的频率正在增加，特别是由于酗酒和吸毒。急性肝损伤（ALI）与高死亡率相关，并引起临床关注11，2。2毒性损伤导致肝脏死亡信号通路，导致肝细胞凋亡、坏死或肺气肿。ALI在肝功能衰竭的发展中起着至关重要的作用，其特征是严重的肝功能障碍，包括肝脑病和蛋白质合成受损等并发症3、4。4虽然最近的研究增加了我们对肝衰竭伴随的生理和病理变化的认识，但它并没有完全解释影响细胞死亡机制的病理分子特征。此外，目前尚无药物来扭转ALI患者的逐渐恶化。目前，唯一有效治疗的是肝移植55、6。6
为了研究ALI的机制和病理生理学，并测试不同的肝保护策略，使用不同的动物模型来诱导ALI。ALI的可取动物模型应该通过可靠、验证、廉价和易于应用的方法模拟疾病的病理过程。实验模型的例子包括肝毒性剂、手术程序，如完全或部分肝切除术，完全或暂时脱血管，以及感染性手术77，8，9。8,9已知的肝毒性物质包括甲酰胺、对乙酰氨基酚、硫酰胺、阿氧西甲烷和CCl4。其中，CCl4虽然尚未得到很好的应用，但其特征尚未得到很好的10、11、12、13。10,11,12,13
CCl4是一种有机无色液体化合物，气味甜美，在低温下几乎无可燃性。暴露于高浓度的CCl4可对中枢神经系统造成损伤，包括肝脏和肾脏的恶化。CCl4通过肝脏的生物转化诱导ALI，形成活性氧物种。这通过P450细胞色素酶2E1发生，形成活性代谢物，通过大分子结合、增强脂质过氧化和细胞内钙平衡扰动14引起细胞损伤。此外，CCl4模型可用于刺激在RNA合成15水平上的星细胞。这种肝毒素由腹腔内、门内、口腔和胃内途径16管理。
在此协议中，我们详细描述了CCl4诱导的ALI在大鼠通过奥胃管。该方法诱导健壮和可重复的ALI，可用于研究ALI的发病机制。通过血清谷氨酸-丙酮酶转氨酶（GPT）、谷胱甘肽转氨酶（GOT）酶和总胆红素（TB）的测量，以及通过血氧林和欧辛（H&E）染色肝组织进行明确的组织学诊断，监测肝病严重程度的确定。通过胃内访问接触 CCl4，可以采用实用、廉价、微创的方法，风险最小。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:924px;" width="923">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:212px;">22 G catheter BD Neoflon TM</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Becton Dickinson Infusion Therapy AB</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td style="width:443px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:212px;">4% buffered formaldehyde solution</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Sigma - Aldrich lab materials technologies</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:212px;">BD Microtainer SST TM Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Becton Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:212px;">Carbone tetrachloride</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Sigma - Aldrich lab materials technologies</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">CAS 56-23-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:212px;">Isofluran, USP 100%</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Piramamal Critical Care, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:212px;">Olympus AU2700 Chemistry-Immuno Analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Olympus (MN, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td>Analysis of blood samples was done by the fluorescence method</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:212px;">Olympus BX 40 microscope</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:212px;">RAT Feeding Needles</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">ORCHID SCIENTIFICS</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:212px;">SYRINGE SET 1 and 2 ml MEDI -PLUS</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Shandong Zibo Shanchuan Medical Instruments Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

inducing acute liver injury in rats via carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) exposure through an orogastric tube

急性肝损伤（ALI）在肝功能衰竭的发展中起着至关重要的作用，肝功能障碍的特点是严重的肝功能障碍，包括肝脑病和蛋白质合成受损等并发症。适当的动物模型对于测试ALI的机制和病理生理学以及研究不同的肝保护策略至关重要。由于其进行化学转化的能力，四氯化碳（CCl4）在肝脏中被广泛用于通过活性氧物种的形成诱导ALI。CCl4暴露可以通过腹内、吸入或通过鼻胃或奥胃管进行。在这里，我们描述了一个啮齿动物模型，其中ALI是由CCl4通过奥胃管暴露诱导的。该方法价格低廉，易于执行，风险最小。该模型具有很高的可重复性，可广泛用于确定潜在的肝保护策略的有效性和评估肝损伤的标记。

与假操作对照（p < 0.001）相比，诱导 ALI（在较高CCl 4剂量下更多）后，结核病、GOT 和 GPT 水平显著增加 24小时（更多为较高 CCl4剂量）。基线的结核病、GOT 和 GPT 水平是正常的，与虚假操作的控制没有显著差异。在24小时时，所有三个介入组，1 mL/kg CCl4 （1， 1⁄2）， 2.5 mL/kg CCl4 （3， 3+4） 和 5 mL/kg CCl4 （4， 4， 4+5.75）， 具有明显高于假操作...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube at JoVE.com

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

该协议描述了通过CCl4暴露通过奥胃管诱导急性肝损伤（ALI）的一种常见和可行的方法。CCl4暴露在肝脏生物转化过程中通过活性氧物种的形成诱导 ALI。该方法用于分析ALI的病理生理学，并研究不同的肝保护策略。

通过四氯化碳诱导大鼠急性肝损伤 （CCl4） 通过奥罗胃管暴露

Acute liver injury (ALI) plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic failure, which is characterized by severe liver dysfunction including ...

我想介绍一下我们关于通过四氯化碳通过四氯化碳通过胃管接触大鼠诱发急性肝损伤的工作。选择体重300至350克的成年雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠。提供鼠周和水广告。在上午 6 点到 12 点之间执行所有实验。以色列内盖夫本-古里安大学的动物护理喜剧批准了本协议中使用的所有治疗和测试程序。在22摄氏度的室温下保持大鼠12小时的灯光和12小时的暗循环。用 22 量表导管对尾静脉进行曲气。在基线收集血液样本。血液生化分析包括血清GT、GPT和总胆红素的测量。在索罗卡医疗中心的生化实验室对肝酶和总胆红素水平进行了检查。注意：接触高浓度的四氯化碳，包括蒸汽或皮肤吸收会影响中枢神经系统，使肝肾退化，长时间暴露可能导致昏迷或死亡。以一对一的比例准备 50% 的四氯化碳溶液与橄榄油混合为工具。通过四氯化碳管诱导体内的病理毒性。通过大鼠的口腔插入一个肌管。让大鼠接触不同剂量的四氯化碳。轻度急性肝损伤每公斤1毫升，中度急性肝损伤每公斤2分5毫升，严重急性肝损伤每公斤5毫升。对于假组，只让老鼠接触每公斤五毫升橄榄油。24小时从四氯化碳接触中采集血液样本。血液生化分析包括血清GT、GPT和总胆红素的测量。将死老鼠放在解剖板上，将腹部朝上，剃掉腹部。使用手术刀，将从 Anus 到下巴的通风口全长。反射皮肤。用手术刀，将腹壁从动脉切到西腓软骨，以暴露腹部内脏。将肝脏转移到培养皿中。进行赤氧树脂和 eosin 染色。在显微镜下以 20 毫米的客观长度检查 200 倍的切片。肝脏部分应由专门的病理学家分级，对治疗方案视而不见。零分表示无肝异常，一至二表示轻度肝伤，三至四分表示中度肝伤，五至六分表示严重肝损伤。不同时间的不同大鼠组显示在方案上。诱导急性肝损伤24小时后，GOT、GPT和胆红素总水平显著增加，取决于与对照组相比暴露的四氯化碳。P 值小于零点零零一。在不同剂量的四氯化碳中毒后，所有组在24小时后观察到组织病理学的变化。所有三个介入组对对照组之间24小时组织学评分显著提高。P 值小于零点零五。我们的研究小组介绍了通过四氯化碳通过四氯化碳接触，通过四氯化细胞接触大鼠诱发急性肝损伤的常见和物理方法。该方法用于研究急性肝损伤的病理生理学，并检验保护策略的不同性。非常感谢你的关注。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

大鼠急性心肌梗死

With heart failure leading the cause of death in the USA (Hunt), biomedical research is fundamental to advance medical treatments for cardiovascular ...

科研

医学

Pressure Controlled Ventilation to Induce Acute Lung Injury in Mice

压力控制通气诱导小鼠急性肺损伤

Murine models are extensively used to investigate acute injuries of different organs systems (1-34). Acute lung injury (ALI), which occurs with prolonged ...

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

通过自适应曝光的减少剂量X射线透视影像

X-ray fluoroscopy is widely used for image guidance during cardiac intervention. However, radiation dose in these procedures can be high, and this is a ...

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

在大鼠脊髓损伤后的急性和慢性触觉测试

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs sensory systems causing allodynia1-8. To identify cellular and molecular causes of allodynia, sensitive and valid sensory ...

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Rats

大鼠原位肝移植

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat ...

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

急性肾损伤和伤后纤维化小鼠缺血再灌注模型

Ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury (IR-AKI) is widely used as a model of AKI in mice, but results are often quite variable with high, often ...

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

急性肺损伤开放气管切开胃酸吸入小鼠模型结果在急性最大非致命性肺损伤

Acid pneumonitis is a major cause of sterile acute lung injury (ALI) in humans. Acid pneumonitis spans the clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to acute ...

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后冠状动脉流动储备评价

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. After an acute myocardial infarction, early and successful myocardial intervention via ...

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation

通过直接内切内脂多糖灌输诱导小鼠急性肺损伤

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. ...

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

成人斑马鱼中西斯铂诱导的急性肾损伤模型

Cisplatin is commonly used as chemotherapy. Although it has positive effects in cancer-treated individuals, cisplatin can easily accumulate in the kidney ...

通过四氯化碳诱导大鼠急性肝损伤 （CCl4） 通过奥罗胃管暴露

通过四氯化碳诱导大鼠急性肝损伤（CCl₄）通过奥罗胃管暴露