Name: standardized model of ventricular fibrillation and advanced cardiac life support in swine
Uploaded: 2020-01-30T15:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine at JoVE.com

作者要感谢达格玛·迪尔文斯基斯的出色技术支持。

这一议定书的实验得到了国家和机构动物照料委员会的批准（德国科布伦茨州兰登苏松桑特莱茵兰-普法尔茨;主席：西尔维亚·艾施-沃尔夫博士;批准号。G16-1-042）。实验是按照《到达指南》进行的。七只麻醉雄猪（susscrofa家猪），平均体重为30~2公斤，年龄为12-16周。
1. 麻醉、插管和机械通风13、14
<ol><li>尽可能长时间地保持...

<ol>
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E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Part+5:+Adult+Basic+Life+Support+and+Cardiopulmonary+Resuscitation+Quality:+2015+American+Heart+Association+Guidelines+Update+for+Cardiopulmonary+Resuscitation+and+Emergency+Cardiovascular+Care.">Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.</a> Circulation. 132 (18 Suppl 2), S414-S435 (2015).</li><li>Link, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Part+7:+Adult+Advanced+Cardiovascular+Life+Support:+2015+American+Heart+Association+Guidelines+Update+for+Cardiopulmonary+Resuscitation+and+Emergency+Cardiovascular+Care.">Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.</a> Circulation. 132 (18 Suppl 2), S444-S464 (2015).</li><li>Olasveengen, T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2017+International+Consensus+on+Cardiopulmonary+Resuscitation+and+Emergency+Cardiovascular+Care+Science+With+Treatment+Recommendations+Summary.">2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary.</a> Circulation. 136 (23), e424-e440 (2017).</li><li>Rubulotta, F., Rubulotta, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiopulmonary+resuscitation+and+ethics.">Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and ethics.</a> Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 25 (4), 265-269 (2013).</li><li>McInnes, A. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+first+quantitative+report+of+ventilation+rate+during+in-hospital+resuscitation+of+older+children+and+adolescents.">The first quantitative report of ventilation rate during in-hospital resuscitation of older children and adolescents.</a> Resuscitation. 82 (8), 1025-1029 (2011).</li><li>Maertens, V. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patients+with+cardiac+arrest+are+ventilated+two+times+faster+than+guidelines+recommend:+an+observational+prehospital+study+using+tracheal+pressure+measurement.">Patients with cardiac arrest are ventilated two times faster than guidelines recommend: an observational prehospital study using tracheal pressure measurement.</a> Resuscitation. 84 (7), 921-926 (2013).</li><li>Ziebart, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardized+Hemorrhagic+Shock+Induction+Guided+by+Cerebral+Oximetry+and+Extended+Hemodynamic+Monitoring+in+Pigs.">Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (147), (2019).</li><li>Kamuf, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oleic+Acid-Injection+in+Pigs+As+a+Model+for+Acute+Respiratory+Distress+Syndrome.">Oleic Acid-Injection in Pigs As a Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (140), (2018).</li><li>Weiner, M. M., Geldard, P., Mittnacht, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound-guided+vascular+access:+a+comprehensive+review.">Ultrasound-guided vascular access: a comprehensive review.</a> Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesiology. 27 (2), 345-360 (2013).</li><li>Mayer, J., Suttner, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+output+derived+from+arterial+pressure+waveform.">Cardiac output derived from arterial pressure waveform.</a> Current Opinions in Anaesthesiology. 22 (6), 804-808 (2009).</li><li>Hartmann, E. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ventilation/perfusion+ratios+measured+by+multiple+inert+gas+elimination+during+experimental+cardiopulmonary+resuscitation.">Ventilation/perfusion ratios measured by multiple inert gas elimination during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation.</a> Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandanivica. 58 (8), 1032-1039 (2014).</li><li>Ruemmler, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-low+tidal+volume+ventilation-A+novel+and+effective+ventilation+strategy+during+experimental+cardiopulmonary+resuscitation.">Ultra-low tidal volume ventilation-A novel and effective ventilation strategy during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation.</a> Resuscitation. 132, 56-62 (2018).</li><li>Wani, T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Upper+airway+in+infants-a+computed+tomography-based+analysis.">Upper airway in infants-a computed tomography-based analysis.</a> Paediatric Anaesthesia. 27 (5), 501-505 (2017).</li><li>Tuna Katircibasi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Ultrasound+Guidance+and+Conventional+Method+for+Common+Femoral+Artery+Cannulation:+A+Prospective+Study+of+939+Patients.">Comparison of Ultrasound Guidance and Conventional Method for Common Femoral Artery Cannulation: A Prospective Study of 939 Patients.</a> Acta Cardiol Sin. 34 (5), 394-398 (2018).</li><li>Hartmann, E. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correlation+of+thermodilution-derived+extravascular+lung+water+and+ventilation/perfusion-compartments+in+a+porcine+model.">Correlation of thermodilution-derived extravascular lung water and ventilation/perfusion-compartments in a porcine model.</a> Intensive Care Medicine. 39 (7), 1313-1317 (2013).</li><li>Hartmann, E. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+inhaled+tumor+necrosis+factor-alpha-derived+TIP+peptide+improves+the+pulmonary+function+in+experimental+lung+injury.">An inhaled tumor necrosis factor-alpha-derived TIP peptide improves the pulmonary function in experimental lung injury.</a> Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 57 (3), 334-341 (2013).</li><li>Ziebart, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+tidal+volume+pressure+support+versus+controlled+ventilation+in+early+experimental+sepsis+in+pigs.">Low tidal volume pressure support versus controlled ventilation in early experimental sepsis in pigs.</a> Respiratory Research. 15, 101 (2014).</li><li>Tan, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Duration+of+cardiac+arrest+requires+different+ventilation+volumes+during+cardiopulmonary+resuscitation+in+a+pig+model.">Duration of cardiac arrest requires different ventilation volumes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pig model.</a> Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. , (2019).</li><li>Kill, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+ventilation+during+cardiopulmonary+resuscitation+with+intermittent+positive-pressure+ventilation,+bilevel+ventilation,+or+chest+compression+synchronized+ventilation+in+a+pig+model.">Mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, bilevel ventilation, or chest compression synchronized ventilation in a pig model.</a> Critical Care Medicine. 42 (2), e89-e95 (2014).</li><li>Speer, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+Ventilation+During+Resuscitation:+How+Manual+Chest+Compressions+Affect+a+Ventilator's+Function.">Mechanical Ventilation During Resuscitation: How Manual Chest Compressions Affect a Ventilator's Function.</a> Advances in Therapy. 34 (10), 2333-2344 (2017).</li><li>Kill, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chest+Compression+Synchronized+Ventilation+versus+Intermitted+Positive+Pressure+Ventilation+during+Cardiopulmonary+Resuscitation+in+a+Pig+Model.">Chest Compression Synchronized Ventilation versus Intermitted Positive Pressure Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Pig Model.</a> PLoS ONE. 10 (5), e0127759 (2015).</li><li>Newell, C., Grier, S., Soar, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Airway+and+ventilation+management+during+cardiopulmonary+resuscitation+and+after+successful+resuscitation.">Airway and ventilation management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after successful resuscitation.</a> Critical Care. 22 (1), 190 (2018).</li></ol>

关于猪模型麻醉的一些主要技术问题，我们小组13，14已经描述了。这些措施包括严格避免动物的压力和不必要的疼痛，在气道管理中可能出现的解剖问题，以及具体的人员要求19。
此外，超声导管插入的好处以前已经强调，并且仍然是在仪器仪表期间防止血管损伤的可取方法。然而，只有经过专业培训的用户才能...

心脏骤停和心肺复苏（CPR）是医院病房中经常遇到的医疗紧急情况，以及临床前急诊提供者方案1，2。虽然已经作出广泛的努力来描述这种情况的最佳治疗3，4，5，6，国际准则和专家建议（例如，ERC和ILCOR）通常依靠低级证据，由于缺乏前瞻性的随机试验3，4，5，7，8，9。这在一定程度上是由于在人体试验10中关于随机复苏协议的明显伦理保留。然而，这也可能指向在面对威胁生命和压力的情况11，12时缺乏严格的协议遵守。本报告提出的协议旨在提供一个标准化的临床复苏模型，在无需人体受试者的情况下，生成有价值的前瞻性数据，同时尽可能有效和准确。它遵循共同的复苏指南，易于应用，使研究能够在关键但有控制的环境中检查和描述各个方面和干预措施。这将导致 1） 更好地了解心脏骤停和心室颤动背后的病理机制，2） 高质量的证据，以优化治疗方案和提高存活率。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M- Kaliumchlorid-L&#246;sung 7,46% 20ml</td>
			<td>Fresenius, Kabi Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>potassium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arterenol 1mg/ml 25 ml</td>
			<td>Sanofi- Aventis, Seutschland GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>norepinephrine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atracurium Hikma 50mg/5ml</td>
			<td>Hikma Pharma GmbH, Martinsried</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>atracurium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Discardit II Spritze 2,5,10,20 ml</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A. Carretera Mequinenza Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Luer Connecta</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson Infusion Therapy AB Helsingborg, Schweden</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>3-way-stopcock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Microlance 3 20 G</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A. Carretera Mequinenza Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>canula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CorPatch Easy Electrodes</td>
			<td>CorPuls, Kaufering, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>defibrillator electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corpuls 3</td>
			<td>Corpuls, Kaufering, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>defibrillator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Datex Ohmeda S5</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Finland Oy, Helsinki, Finland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>hemodynamic monitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Engstr&#246;m Carestation</td>
			<td>GE Heathcare, Madison USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>ventilator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl-Janssen 0,05mg/ml</td>
			<td>Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Neuss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>fentanyl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F&#252;hrungsstab, Durchmesser 4.3</td>
			<td>R&#252;sch</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>endotracheal tube introducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incetomat-line 150 cm</td>
			<td>Fresenius, Kabi Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>perfusorline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamin-Hameln 50mg/ml</td>
			<td>Hameln Pharmaceuticals GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>ketamine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laryngoscope</td>
			<td>R&#252;sch</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>laryngoscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>logicath 7 Fr 3-lumen 30cm lang</td>
			<td>Smith- Medical Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>central venous catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LUCAS-2</td>
			<td>Physio-Control/Stryker, Redmond, WA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>chest compression device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masimo Radical 7</td>
			<td>Masimo Corporation Irvine, Ca 92618 USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>periphereal oxygen saturation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neofox Oxygen sensor 300 micron fiber</td>
			<td>Ocean optics Largo, FL USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>ultrafast pO2-measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#214;ls&#228;ure reinst Ph. Eur NF C18H34O2 M0282,47g/mol Dichte 0,9</td>
			<td>Applichem GmbH Darmstadt, Deutschland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>oleic acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Original Perfusor syringe 50ml Luer Lock</td>
			<td>B.Braun Melsungen AG, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>perfusorsyringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Osypka pace, 110 cm</td>
			<td>Osypka Medical GmbH, Rheinfelden-Herten, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Pacing/fibrillation catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PA-Katheter Swan Ganz 7,5 Fr 110cm</td>
			<td>Edwards Lifesciences LLC, Irvine CA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PAC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percutaneous sheath introducer set 8,5 und 9 Fr, 10 cm with integral haemostasis valve/sideport</td>
			<td>Arrow international inc. Reading, PA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>introducer sheath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perfusor FM Braun</td>
			<td>B.Braun Melsungen AG, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>syringe pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol 2% 20mg/ml (50ml flasks)</td>
			<td>Fresenius, Kabi Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>propofol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radifocus Introducer II, 5-8 Fr</td>
			<td>Terumo Corporation Tokio, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>introducer sheath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>R&#252;schelit Super Safety Clear &#62;ID 6/ 6,5 /7,0 mm</td>
			<td>Teleflex Medical Sdn. Bhd, Malaysia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>endotracheal tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Seldinger Nadel mit Fixierfl&#252;gel</td>
			<td>Smith- Medical Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>seldinger canula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonosite Micromaxx Ultrasoundsystem</td>
			<td>Sonosite Bothell, WA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>ultrasound</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless Macintosh Gr&#246;&#223;e 4</td>
			<td>Welsch Allyn69604</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>blade for laryngoscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stresnil 40mg/ml</td>
			<td>Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Abteilung Elanco Animal Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>azaperone</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vasofix Safety 22G-16G</td>
			<td>B.Braun Melsungen AG, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>venous catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Voltcraft Model 8202</td>
			<td>Voltcraft, Hirschau, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>oscilloscope/function generator</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

standardized model of ventricular fibrillation and advanced cardiac life support in swine

心脏骤停后心肺复苏，与心脏骤停无关，是医院以及临床前经常遇到的医疗紧急情况。人体的前瞻性随机试验难以设计，在伦理上模棱两可，导致缺乏循证疗法。本报告中提出的模型代表了心脏骤停、心室颤动的最常见原因之一，在大型动物模型中的标准化环境中。这允许在临床准确条件下进行可重复的观察和各种治疗干预，从而有助于生成更好的证据，并最终改善医疗治疗的潜力。

七头猪心脏骤停。四头猪在心肺复苏后自发循环的回归（57%）均值为 3 × 1 双相颤化。在整个实验中，健康且充分麻醉的猪应保持苏皮状态，没有颤抖和激动的迹象。平均动脉血压不应降到50毫米汞柱以下，然后开始颤动18。为了获得最佳结果，可以进行血气分析，并对所有值（包括温度）进行标准化。
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine at JoVE.com

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine

心肺复苏和除颤是心室颤动引起的心脏骤停期间唯一有效的治疗方案。该模型提出了在猪模型中诱导、评估和治疗这种生理状态的标准化方案，从而提供了一种临床方法，为数据收集和分析提供了各种机会。

猪心室颤动和高级心脏生命支持标准化模型

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest, independent of its origin, is a regularly encountered medical emergency in hospitals as well as ...

在具有与人类相当心肺生理学的动物中标准化复苏模型有助于研究和理解新的治疗方案，最终改善患者的结果。为了正确应用模型和充分解释结果，强烈建议在急诊医学和危重症患者的重症监护方面提供专业知识。这一程序的主要优点是提高了积极结果的耸人听闻的适用性，并在一个额外的具有挑战性的实验环境中。初始演示实验设置可以显著帮助，因为电极和压缩垫放置对于成功执行至关重要，并且通常仅通过文本进行描述。该协议为住院前和临床环境中的重症监护和重症监护提供者提供了更深入的复苏机制。将跨肺热化导管放入静水实验猪后，将一个除颤器片电极放在躯干前侧，在中左下侧放置一个后电极。将电极连接到除颤器，以建立心电图，并在真空床垫内固定猪。在心肺复苏过程中，将床垫放气，防止不必要的运动，并固定四肢。根据制造商的建议，在胸部周围和真空床垫下放置一个胸部压缩装置，将压力垫调整到胸骨的三分之下，处于中位位置。为了最佳定位胸部压缩装置，动物可能需要在充气床垫内侧移。当设备就位时，打开设备电源，将压力垫降到皮肤上。按下暂停以准备胸部压缩设备，并通过静脉护套在左股骨静脉内插入颤动导管。用一到两毫升的空气充气导管袖口，然后慢慢推下充气袖口约50厘米，直到它被放置在右中庭旁边。将导管电极连接到适当的示波器功能发生器，并调整颤动参数以适当的实验值。接下来打开发电机，同时监测心电图的变化，缓慢地向前移动导管，直到心电图中检测到心律失常。小心改变导管位置，直到检测到心室颤动。一旦心室颤动得到确认，关闭发电机并放气并取出颤动导管。然后按压缩设备上的播放启动机械胸部压缩。要中断胸部压缩，请按压缩设备上的暂停按钮。分析心电图模式。如果心室颤动仍然存在，请进入除颤器菜单中的手动模式，然后按音速将能量调整为 200 焦耳。按下负载按钮，等待声学信号打开，以指示准备好的冲击值，然后再启动电击。在自发循环恢复的情况下，停止胸部压缩，继续通风，并应用广泛和尽可能长的监测，只要需要。如果心电图读数显示心室颤动，并且动脉线没有测量心脏输出或压力变化，则可以假定有起搏导管诱导心脏骤停。一旦胸部压缩开始，足够的心脏输出产生表明平均动脉压力30至50毫升汞，如果坚持复苏指南，给给一毫克肾上腺素导致血压在一分钟内大幅上升。自发循环的回归由通过动脉测量观察到的呼气二氧化碳测量的急剧增加和在动脉测量观察到的各心脏输出中心电图中有组织的心律证实。在自发循环恢复和受控机械通气的重建导致再补偿和稳定呼吸条件后，通常观察到高血脂和霍罗维茨指数下降。在实验过程中错放或放离胸部压缩装置会危及结果。因此，应注意避免重新定位。通过这个程序，可以对心脏输出和复苏期间的通气灌注率进行标准化评估，以描述广泛的心肺效应。标准化的复苏模型必须识别心肺复苏过程中的新通气技术，从而可能帮助改善患者的结果。在尝试使用除颤和示波器的协议时，足够的专业知识和谨慎对于预防危及生命的情况和伤害至关重要。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia

新生儿窒息了猪模型

Annually more than 1 million neonates die worldwide as related to asphyxia. Asphyxiated neonates commonly have multi-organ failure including hypotension, ...

科研

医学

Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography

右心室结构和功能的肺动脉缩窄经胸超声小鼠模型的评估

Emerging clinical data support the notion that RV dysfunction is critical to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure1-3. Moreover, ...

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique

室颤由传统的封闭胸技术大鼠模型和复苏

A rat model of electrically-induced ventricular fibrillation followed by cardiac resuscitation using a closed chest technique that incorporates the basic ...

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

7号特斯拉的心脏磁共振成像

CMR at an ultra-high field (magnetic field strength B0&#160;&#8805; 7 Tesla) benefits from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage inherent at higher ...

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

应用 Ameroid 的猪慢性心肌缺血模型

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but ...

Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗慢性心肌缺血的外科猪模型

Chronic cardiac ischemia that impairs cardiac function, but does not result in infarct, is termed hibernating myocardium (HM). A large clinical subset of ...

Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment

猪临床敷料评价模型中的严重烧伤

Wound healing is a dynamic repair process and is the most complex biological process in human life. In response to burn injury, alterations in biological ...

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

手术小鼠模型中骨关节炎的标准化形态学评价

One of the most prevalent joint disorders in the United States, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, ...

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

通过在小鼠心脏中应用光遗传学多位点光刺激进行高级心律管理

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Electrical defibrillation using high-energy electric shocks is ...

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Aachener Minipigs的无菌性心包炎作为心房肌病和心房颤动的模型

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia caused by structural remodeling of the atria, also called atrial myopathy. Current therapies only ...