Name: hydrogen charging of aluminum using friction in water
Uploaded: 2020-01-28T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hydrogen Charging of Aluminum using Friction in Water at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了日本大阪轻金属教育基金会的部分资助。

1. 材料准备
<ol><li>使用由铝镁硅合金制成的 1 mm 厚板，其质量%为 Mg，0.8 质量%为 Si（Al-Mg-Si）。</li>
	<li>用 Al-Mg-Si 合金板制作测试件，其仪表长度为 10 mm，宽度为 5 mm。</li>
	<li>使用空气炉在 520°C 下对测试件进行 1 小时的封火。在水中以溶液进行热处理。</li>
	<li>在175°C下对测试件进行18小时发火，作为峰值老化热处理（T6-temper）。</li>
	<li>使用不含水的碳化硅砂纸（#2000）抛光测试件表面。</li>
	...

<ol>
	<li>Horikawa, K., Matsubara, T., Kobayashi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogen+charging+of+Al-Mg-Si-based+alloys+by+friction+in+water+and+its+effect+on+tensile+properties.">Hydrogen charging of Al-Mg-Si-based alloys by friction in water and its effect on tensile properties.</a> Materials Science and Engineering A. 764, 138199 (2019).</li><li>Horikawa, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+research+trends+in+aluminum+alloys+for+a+high-pressure+hydrogen+gas+container.">Current research trends in aluminum alloys for a high-pressure hydrogen gas container.</a> Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals. 60, 542-547 (2010).</li><li>Kuramoto, S., Hsieh, M. C., Kanno, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+embrittlement+of+Al-Mg-Si+base+alloys+deformed+at+low+strain+rates+in+laboratory+air.">Environmental embrittlement of Al-Mg-Si base alloys deformed at low strain rates in laboratory air.</a> Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals. 52, 250-255 (2002).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Yoshida, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+Hydrogen+in+Tensile-Deformed+Al-5%Mg+Alloy+by+means+of+Hydrogen+Microprint+Technique+with+EBSP+Analysis.">Visualization of Hydrogen in Tensile-Deformed Al-5%Mg Alloy by means of Hydrogen Microprint Technique with EBSP Analysis.</a> Materials Transactions. 45, 315-318 (2004).</li><li>Ueda, K., Horikawa, K., Kanno, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+high+temperature+embrittlement+of+Al-5%Mg+alloys+containing+a+trace+of+sodium+caused+by+antimony+addition.">Suppression of high temperature embrittlement of Al-5%Mg alloys containing a trace of sodium caused by antimony addition.</a> Scripta Materialia. 37, 1105-1110 (1996).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Ando, N., Kobayashi, H., Urushihara, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+hydrogen+gas+evolution+during+deformation+and+fracture+in+SCM+440+steel+with+different+tempering+conditions.">Visualization of hydrogen gas evolution during deformation and fracture in SCM 440 steel with different tempering conditions.</a> Materials Science and Engineering A. 534, 495-503 (2012).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Yamada, H., Kobayashi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+strain+rate+on+hydrogen+gas+evolution+behavior+during+tensile+deformation+in+6061+and+7075+aluminum+alloys.">Effect of strain rate on hydrogen gas evolution behavior during tensile deformation in 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys.</a> Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals. 62, 306-312 (2012).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Okada, H., Kobayashi, H., Urushihara, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+diffusive+hydrogen+in+low+alloy+steel+by+means+of+hydrogen+microprint+technique+at+elevated+temperatures.">Visualization of diffusive hydrogen in low alloy steel by means of hydrogen microprint technique at elevated temperatures.</a> Materials Transactions. 50, 759-764 (2009).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Okada, H., Kobayashi, H., Urushihara, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+hydrogen+during+fatigue+fracture+in+an+Al-Mg-Si+alloy.">Visualization of hydrogen during fatigue fracture in an Al-Mg-Si alloy.</a> Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals. 56, 210-213 (2006).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Okada, H., Kobayashi, H., Urushihara, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+hydrogen+distribution+in+tensile-deformed+Al-5%Mg+alloy+investigated+by+means+of+hydrogen+microprint+technique+with+EBSP.">Visualization of hydrogen distribution in tensile-deformed Al-5%Mg alloy investigated by means of hydrogen microprint technique with EBSP.</a> Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals. 68, 1043-1046 (2004).</li><li>Yamada, H., Tsurudome, M., Miura, N., Horikawa, K., Ogasawara, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ductility+loss+of+7075+aluminum+alloys+affected+by+interaction+of+hydrogen,+fatigue+deformation,+and+strain+rate.">Ductility loss of 7075 aluminum alloys affected by interaction of hydrogen, fatigue deformation, and strain rate.</a> Materials Science and Engineering A. 642, 194-203 (2015).</li><li>Toda, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+hydrogen+micro+pores+on+mechanical+properties+in+a+2024+aluminum+alloys.">Effects of hydrogen micro pores on mechanical properties in a 2024 aluminum alloys.</a> Materials Transactions. 54, 2195-2201 (2013).</li><li>Yamada, H., Horikawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Kobayashi, H., Ogasawara, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogen+evolution+behavior+of+tensile+deformation+process+in+6061+and+7075+aluminum+alloys.">Hydrogen evolution behavior of tensile deformation process in 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys.</a> Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals. 61, 297-302 (2011).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Kobayashi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogen+absorption+of+pure+aluminum+by+friction+of+the+surface+in+water+and+its+effect+on+tensile+properties.">Hydrogen absorption of pure aluminum by friction of the surface in water and its effect on tensile properties.</a> Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals. 84, (2020).</li><li>Suzuki, H., Kobayashi, D., Hanada, N., Takai, K., Hagihara, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Existing+state+of+hydrogen+in+electrochemically+charged+commercial-purity+aluminum+and+its+effects+on+tensile+properties.">Existing state of hydrogen in electrochemically charged commercial-purity aluminum and its effects on tensile properties.</a> Materials Transactions. 52, 1741-1747 (2011).</li><li>Horikawa, K., Hokazono, S., Kobayashi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synchronized+monitoring+between+hydrogen+gas+release+and+progress+of+atmospheric+hydrogen+embrittlement+in+7075+aluminum+alloy.">Synchronized monitoring between hydrogen gas release and progress of atmospheric hydrogen embrittlement in 7075 aluminum alloy.</a> Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals. 66, 77-83 (2016).</li><li>Manaka, T., Aoki, M., Itoh, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermal+desorption+spectroscopy+study+on+the+hydrogen+behavior+in+a+plasma-charged+aluminum.">Thermal desorption spectroscopy study on the hydrogen behavior in a plasma-charged aluminum.</a> Materials Science Forum. 879, 1220-1225 (2016).</li><li>Ellingham, H. J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reducibility+of+oxides+and+sulphides+in+metallurgical+processes.">Reducibility of oxides and sulphides in metallurgical processes.</a> Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. 63, 125-133 (1944).</li><li>Pourbaix, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions, Ist ed. , 168-176 (1966).</li><li>Young, G. A., Scully, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+diffusion+and+trapping+of+hydrogen+in+high+purity+aluminum.">The diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in high purity aluminum.</a> Acta Materialia. 46, 6337-6349 (1998).</li><li>Smith, S. W., Scully, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+identification+of+hydrogen+trapping+states+in+an+Al-Li-Cu-Zr+alloy+using+thermal+desorption+spectroscopy.">The identification of hydrogen trapping states in an Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy using thermal desorption spectroscopy.</a> Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 31, 179-193 (2000).</li></ol>

FW 程序的一个重要方面是将两个试样连接到磁力搅拌器。由于搅拌棒的中心成为非摩擦区，因此最好避免在搅拌棒中心附着试样。
控制搅拌杆的旋转速度也很重要。当转速超过 240 rpm 时，很难将反应容器保持在磁力搅拌器的舞台上。高速执行 FW 程序时，需要将反应容器固定到磁搅拌器的阶段。
由于FW程序的氢充电是基于水与非氧化物涂层铝表面之间的化...

一般来说，铝基合金比钢具有更高的耐环境氢脆性。铝合金对氢脆性高，是由于合金表面的氧化膜阻挡了氢气的进入。为了评估和比较铝合金之间的高脆性敏感性，氢充电通常在机械测试1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14之前进行。 15，16，17.然而，众所周知，氢充铝并不容易，即使使用氢气充电方法，如阴极充电15，湿空气16下缓慢应变率变形，或氢等离子气体充电17。氢充铝合金的难度也在于铝合金表面的氧化膜。我们假设，如果我们能在水中连续去除氧化膜，铝合金中就会引入大量的氢。热力学18，纯铝没有氧化物膜很容易与水反应，并产生氢气。在此基础上，基于水与非氧化物铝的化学反应，开发了铝合金加氢的新方法。该方法能够简单地将大量的氢气添加到铝合金中。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Air furnace</td>
			<td>GC</td>
			<td>QC-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum alloy plates</td>
			<td>Kobe Steel</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Al/1.0 mass% Mg/0.8 mass% Si</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric balance</td>
			<td>A&#38;D</td>
			<td>HR-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass container</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custom made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td>CORNING</td>
			<td>PC-410D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Comparator</td>
			<td>NIKON</td>
			<td>V-12B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH meter</td>
			<td>Sato Tech</td>
			<td>PH-230SDJ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quartz tube</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custom made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary polishing machine</td>
			<td>IMT</td>
			<td>IM-P2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Secondary electrom microscope</td>
			<td>JOEL</td>
			<td>JSM-5310LV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sensor gas chromatograph</td>
			<td>FIS Inc.</td>
			<td>SGHA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicon carbide emery paper</td>
			<td>IMT</td>
			<td>531SR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tensile testing machine</td>
			<td>Toshin Kogyo</td>
			<td>SERT-5000-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tubular furnace</td>
			<td>Honma Riken</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custom made</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

hydrogen charging of aluminum using friction in water

利用水摩擦（FW）程序，研制出一种铝氢充水的新方法。根据水与非氧化物涂层铝之间的化学反应，此程序可以轻松地将大量氢气引入铝中。

FW 程序的氢气生成/吸收 图2显示了在含有不同量铁的Al-Mg-Si合金的FW过程中产生的氢气行为，质量%为0.1至0.7质量%。当搅拌器开始旋转时，试样持续排放大量氢气。这表明氢是由合金表面和水之间的摩擦引起的化学反应产生的。此外，FW 过程中水的 pH 值从 6.5–7.5 略有增加，如图3所示。根据Pourbaix19提出的电化学图，FW程?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hydrogen Charging of Aluminum using Friction in Water at JoVE.com

Hydrogen Charging of Aluminum using Friction in Water

为了在铝和铝合金中引入大量的氢，开发了一种新的加氢方法，称为水过程中摩擦。

利用水中摩擦力对铝进行氢充电

A new method of hydrogen charging of aluminum was developed by means of a friction in water (FW) procedure. This procedure can easily introduce high ...

当用氢气向铝合金充电时，表面存在氧化膜是一个挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种利用水中摩擦将大量氢气引入铝合金的方法。当搅拌杆的旋转和抛光纸上的试样可以可视化时，该方法是最容易理解的。成功取决于稳定搅拌杆的旋转。演示这个程序的将是我实验室的本科生Arayama女士。如本文所述，制造铝合金测试件。在 520 摄氏度的气炉中加热测试件一小时，然后在水中淬火测试件，执行溶液热处理。下一步，峰值老化热处理，在175摄氏度下将试验件退火18小时。准备测试件的最后一步是使用碳化硅磨纸抛光表面。在进行水法中的摩擦之前，对测试件进行称重和测量。使用电平衡将测试件的重量重量为 0.0001 克。使用光学比较器测量测试件的厚度和宽度，精度为 0.0001 毫米。水程序中的摩擦在磁搅拌定制反应容器中进行。首先，使用胶水将两块测试件连接到氟碳聚合物三角搅拌棒上。接下来，准备反应容器，一个定制的玻璃容器。使用双面胶带将抛光纸连接到反应容器的内底。将反应容器放在磁力搅拌器上。然后将测试件和搅拌棒放在抛光纸和反应容器的顶部，并加入100毫升蒸馏水。将橡胶盖放在反应容器上。将气体入口连接到高纯度气孔，然后打开气体。将气体出口连接到气相色谱仪。通过橡胶盖将 pH 探头插入容器中。打开阿格龙。一旦反应容器中的气体被砷完全取代，该装置就可以为铝合金测试件充电。打开磁力搅拌器。为了稳定搅拌棒在水中的运动，控制旋转速度很重要。从 60 rpm 到 240 rpm 的速度最佳。每两分钟，使用气相色谱仪测量氢气浓度，并测量pH值。一小时后，关闭磁力搅拌器，然后从反应容器上拆下测试件和搅拌棒。将测试件从搅拌棒中分离，浸入丙酮中，并应用超声波振动五分钟。在继续下一步之前，测量测试件的重量和厚度。使用拉伸测试机测量测试件的材料属性。将机器的交叉头速度设置为每分钟 2 毫米。然后测量测试件的应力-应变关系。要计算在水过程中摩擦过程中吸收的氢气量，首先测量测试件在加热时释放的氢气。将测试件切割成矩形形状，由 10 毫米一比 5 左右。将测试件放在直径为 10 毫米的石英管内，然后将石英管放在管状炉中。将管连接到气相色谱仪和气相供。打开气的流量。加热含有测试件的石英管，将温度以每小时200摄氏度的恒定速率升高，直到达到625摄氏度的温度。在加热石英管和试片时，使用气相色谱仪每两分钟测量一次释放的氢气。具有三种不同铁浓度的铝-镁-硅合金在水处理过程中受到摩擦，0.1%铁、0.2%铁和0.7%铁。无论铁浓度如何，测试件在过程中都会释放大量的氢气。对无充电样品和带氢样品进行了热解吸分析。无论合金的铁浓度如何，由于水法中的摩擦，氢总浓度增加。与在潮湿空气中预染色的方法相比，水中的摩擦是氢充电铝合金的有效方法。热吸附分析表明，利用水法摩擦法加氢的合金的氢释放率较高，计算出的氢浓度要高得多。与未充电合金样品相比，加氢合金样品的延展性较低。这表明水道中的摩擦导致了氢脆化。利用二次电子显微镜对含有0.1%铁的铝镁硅合金的断裂形态进行检验。水过程中摩擦后，形态改为颗粒边界断裂。这表明水过程中摩擦引入的氢原子增强了颗粒边界的分离，导致氢脆化。通过暴露和潮湿的空气，以缓慢搅拌速度对铝合金进行氢化。然而，目前的方法导致更多的氢气充电量。这种方法使研究人员能够轻松地评估具有不同不同化学成分的铝合金的氢脆度灵敏度。可应用于储氢材料的发展。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

控制的大小，形状和稳定性超分子聚合物在水

For aqueous based supramolecular polymers, the simultaneous control over shape, size and stability is very difficult1. At the same time, the ability to do ...

科研

工程学

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and ...

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

互溶的测量准备和摩擦力显微镜，反对聚合物刷

Solvated polymer brushes are well known to lubricate high-pressure contacts, because they can sustain a positive normal load while maintaining low ...

Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

反应动力学和我燃烧动力学<sub&gt; 4</sub&gt; 0<sub&gt; 9</sub&gt;和铝的混合物

Tetraiodine nonoxide (I4O9) has been synthesized using a dry approach that combines elemental oxygen and iodine without the introduction of hydrated ...

Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components

铸铝零部件的暖纺纱实验程序

High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to ...

Simultaneous Multi-surface Anodizations and Stair-like Reverse Biases Detachment of Anodic Aluminum Oxides in Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid Electrolyte

阳极氧化铝在硫酸和草酸电解质中的同时多表面 Anodizations 和阶梯式反向偏置剥离

After reporting on the two-step anodization, nanoporous anodic aluminum oxides (AAOs) have been widely utilized in the versatile fields of fundamental ...

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

就地氢气输送基础设施用普通高分子材料的高压氢摩擦学试验

High pressure hydrogen gas is known to adversely affect metallic components of compressors, valves, hoses, and actuators. However, relatively little is ...

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

一种水上光纤的设计与制造

In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with ...

Determining Tribocorrosion Rate and Wear-Corrosion Synergy of Bulk and Thin Film Aluminum Alloys

Tribocorrosion 和薄膜铝合金的磨损与腐蚀协同性测定

The increasing complexity and severity of service conditions in areas, such as aerospace and marine industries, nuclear systems, microelectronics, ...

Generating Lap Joints Via Friction Stir Spot Welding on DP780 Steel

通过 DP780 钢上的摩擦搅拌点焊生成圈接头

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), a derivative of friction stir welding (FSW), is a solid-state welding technique that was developed in 1991. An industry ...