Name: sleeve gastrectomy in mice using surgical clips
Uploaded: 2020-11-14T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips at JoVE.com

我们感谢伊莎贝尔·卢小姐的英语旁白。

所有动物使用程序均经国家阳明大学机构动物护理和使用委员会批准，并符合《实验室动物护理和使用指南》。第8版 ，2011年"。麻醉程序是根据国家阳明大学实验动物的疼痛控制、麻醉、术前和术后护理指南进行的，ICAUC-016，2015年，第 1版。
1. 动物准备
<ol><li>从国家实验室动物中心（NLAC）获得20只8周大的野生C57BL/6雄性小鼠，体重约16-18克。随机分配这些小...

<ol>
	<li>WHO. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity+and+overweight.">Obesity and overweight.</a> WHO. , (2018).</li><li>Buchwald, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bariatric+surgery:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Journal of the American Medical Association. 292 (14), 1724-1737 (2004).</li><li>Schauer, D. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bariatric+Surgery+and+the+Risk+of+Cancer+in+a+Large+Multisite+Cohort.">Bariatric Surgery and the Risk of Cancer in a Large Multisite Cohort.</a> Annals of Surgery. 269 (1), 95-101 (2019).</li><li>Wei, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+surgery+ameliorates+cardiovascular+risk+in+obese+diabetic+patients:+Influence+of+different+surgical+procedures.">Metabolic surgery ameliorates cardiovascular risk in obese diabetic patients: Influence of different surgical procedures.</a> Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 14 (12), 1832-1840 (2018).</li><li>Lee, W. J., Aung, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+Surgery+for+Type+2+Diabetes+Mellitus:+Experience+from+Asia.">Metabolic Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Experience from Asia.</a> Diabetes &amp; Metabolism. 40 (6), 433-443 (2016).</li><li>Yin, D. 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N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diet-induced+type+II+diabetes+in+C57BL/6J+mice.">Diet-induced type II diabetes in C57BL/6J mice.</a> Diabetes. 37 (9), 1163-1167 (1988).</li><li>Schlager, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mouse+model+for+sleeve+gastrectomy:+applications+for+diabetes+research.">A mouse model for sleeve gastrectomy: applications for diabetes research.</a> Microsurgery. 31 (1), 66-71 (2011).</li><li>Pressler, J. 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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+diet-induced+obesity+and+glucose+intolerance+in+C57BL/6+mice+on+a+high-fat+diet+consists+of+distinct+phases.">The development of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat diet consists of distinct phases.</a> PLoS One. 9 (8), 106159 (2014).</li><li>Huang, R., Ding, X., Fu, H., Cai, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Potential+mechanisms+of+sleeve+gastrectomy+for+reducing+weight+and+improving+metabolism+in+patients+with+obesity.">Potential mechanisms of sleeve gastrectomy for reducing weight and improving metabolism in patients with obesity.</a> Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 15 (10), 1861-1871 (2019).</li><li>Bender, R., Zeeb, H., Schwarz, M., Jockel, K. H., Berger, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Causes+of+death+in+obesity:+relevant+increase+in+cardiovascular+but+not+in+all-cancer+mortality.">Causes of death in obesity: relevant increase in cardiovascular but not in all-cancer mortality.</a> Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 59 (10), 1064-1071 (2006).</li><li>Vest, A. R., Heneghan, H. M., Agarwal, S., Schauer, P. R., Young, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bariatric+surgery+and+cardiovascular+outcomes:+a+systematic+review.">Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review.</a> Heart. 98 (24), 1763-1777 (2012).</li><li>Ionut, V., Burch, M., Youdim, A., Bergman, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastrointestinal+hormones+and+bariatric+surgery-induced+weight+loss.">Gastrointestinal hormones and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss.</a> Obesity (Silver Spring). 21 (6), 1093-1103 (2013).</li><li>Arble, D. M., Sandoval, D. A., Seeley, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+underlying+weight+loss+and+metabolic+improvements+in+rodent+models+of+bariatric+surgery.">Mechanisms underlying weight loss and metabolic improvements in rodent models of bariatric surgery.</a> Diabetologia. 58 (2), 211-220 (2015).</li><li>Schneck, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+sleeve+gastrectomy+in+high+fat+diet-induced+obese+mice:+respective+role+of+reduced+caloric+intake,+white+adipose+tissue+inflammation+and+changes+in+adipose+tissue+and+ectopic+fat+depots.">Effects of sleeve gastrectomy in high fat diet-induced obese mice: respective role of reduced caloric intake, white adipose tissue inflammation and changes in adipose tissue and ectopic fat depots.</a> Surgical Endoscopy. 28 (2), 592-602 (2014).</li><li>Rubino, F., R'Bibo, S. L., del Genio, F., Mazumdar, M., McGraw, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+surgery:+the+role+of+the+gastrointestinal+tract+in+diabetes+mellitus.">Metabolic surgery: the role of the gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus.</a> Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 6 (2), 102-109 (2010).</li><li>Wilson-Perez, H. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy+is+effective+in+two+genetic+mouse+models+of+glucagon-like+Peptide+1+receptor+deficiency.">Vertical sleeve gastrectomy is effective in two genetic mouse models of glucagon-like Peptide 1 receptor deficiency.</a> Diabetes. 62 (7), 2380-2385 (2013).</li><li>Lopez, P. P., Nicholson, S. E., Burkhardt, G. E., Johnson, R. A., Johnson, F. 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大多数前瞻性队列研究已经证实，增加身体质量指数与死亡率增加有关。肥胖与糖尿病、心血管疾病 （CVD） 和两性死亡的较高风险相关。特定的病理过程已经建立了糖尿病、肥胖症和死亡率14之间的联系。系统回顾表明减肥手术在减少心血管疾病危险因素方面的好处，有心室肥大回归和改善舒张功能的证据。减肥/代谢手术可以改善肥胖糖尿病患者的传统CVD危?...

自1975年以来，全世界肥胖率增加了近三倍。2016年，超过19亿18岁成年人超重，超过6.5亿成年人肥胖。T2D在成人人口的患病率也翻了一番，从4.7%上升到8.5%，从1980年至2014年全球1.08亿成年人上升到4.22亿。大多数减肥手术导致显著减肥，减少身体脂肪，并改善葡萄糖耐受性，胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病控制2。除了T2D的减肥和缓解外，减肥手术还产生了额外的健康优势，如高血压控制，以及某些类型肥胖相关癌症的发病率下降和进展3。减肥手术还诱导T2D的持久完整、部分缓解，降低十年性大冠心病（CHD）的风险和某种程度的脑血管风险。然而，基本机制并不完全了解4。
有几种手术的减肥/代谢手术。限制性手术和胃肠道旁路手术对新陈代谢5有积极的影响。在减肥手术模型中，SG和改良的Roux-en-Y胃旁路具有较高的成功率和较低的死亡率，并证明可靠的限制性和胃肠道旁路手术模型在小鼠6。虽然胃肠道旁路手术提供了更多的减肥和显著改善葡萄糖耐受性及肝硬化比限制性程序长期，SG仍然产生良好的控制体重和葡萄糖水平，并易于执行与并发症发生率低6。从2008年到2014年，SG的比例从30%增加到54%，Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术从52%降至32%。目前，腹腔镜SG是在美国学术中心内最常进行的减肥手术。虽然已经发表了许多关于减肥手术、糖尿病和肥胖症之间病理生理过程的报告，但我们需要更多的动物实验来进一步探索未知的机制。
该协议旨在产生一种动物方法，以研究人类减肥手术后的结果基础的机制。目前的转化研究可能提供从SG肥胖和T2D治疗的机制的见解。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9% normal saline</td>
			<td>China Chemical &#38; Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 monofilament suture</td>
			<td>Shineteh Inc. Taiwan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alm</td>
			<td>Shineteh Inc. Taiwan</td>
			<td>ST-A072PK</td>
			<td>UNIK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal Anesthesia</td>
			<td>Step Technology</td>
			<td>0712VAP11076</td>
			<td>Matrx</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barraqer-Troutman forceps</td>
			<td>Shineteh Inc. Taiwan</td>
			<td>ST-N309(H-4410)</td>
			<td>UNIK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cefazolin</td>
			<td>Taiwan veteran pharmacy company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chow diet</td>
			<td>Research Diets</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose strips and glucometer</td>
			<td>BeneCheck</td>
			<td>BKM13-1</td>
			<td>BeneCheck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HbA1c kit</td>
			<td>Level</td>
			<td>OKEH00661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematology system</td>
			<td>Fuji</td>
			<td>FUJI DRI-CHEM 4000i</td>
			<td>Europe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Fat diet</td>
			<td>Research Diets</td>
			<td>1810724</td>
			<td>LabDiet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris Forceps</td>
			<td>Shineteh Inc. Taiwan</td>
			<td>ST-1210</td>
			<td>UNIK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris Scissors</td>
			<td>Shineteh Inc. Taiwan</td>
			<td>ST-S011</td>
			<td>UNIK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Panion &#38; BF biotech INC</td>
			<td>8547</td>
			<td>Panion &#38; BF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketoprofen</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>22071154</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope</td>
			<td>MicroTech</td>
			<td>SZ-5T</td>
			<td>MicroTech</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical clip (M)</td>
			<td>Echicon Inc., Somerville, NJ</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Size M, 5mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vidisic gel</td>
			<td>Dr. Gerhard Mann Chem.-pharm. Fabrik GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

sleeve gastrectomy in mice using surgical clips

在成人和青少年中，超重和肥胖者的数量在不断增加。这与2型糖尿病（T2D）和其他代谢问题的普遍性现象增加相吻合。减肥手术，如SG，是目前最有效和常用的长期治疗肥胖和T2D之一，但他们之间的关联尚未完全探讨。根据临床前动物研究，可以研究人类减肥手术后的结果所依据的机制。SG 可降低体重、葡萄糖水平和许多代谢参数，并且易于执行，并发症发生率较低。这项工作的目标是为研究人员提供一个简单的方法和简单的动物减肥手术临床前模型。

操作结果如图3 和图 4 所示。研究成活率为90%。一只老鼠因虚弱而死在假群中，另一只老鼠在手术后的第三天因不明原因在SG组死亡。HFD喂养小鼠手术后（图3A）的减肥结果与人类观察到的非常相似，最终体重减轻约15-20%13。13研究还表明，在HFD喂养小鼠的SG手术后，胆固醇水平（图3B）显著?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips at JoVE.com

Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips

全世界糖尿病和肥胖症的患病率在不断增加。需要进一步研究糖尿病、肥胖症及其相关死亡率和共病之间的机制。在这里，我们提出了一个协议，袖口胃切除术（SG）在动物作为一个简单的临床前模型的减肥手术。

使用手术夹的小鼠的套管胃切除术

The number of people who are overweight and obese is continually increasing both in the adult and adolescent populations. This coincides with the ...

手术干预的主要目标是在更可评估的小鼠模型中测量套管胃切除术的代谢效应和胰岛素抵抗。该协议旨在产生一个动物模型，用于研究机制，强调在人类减肥手术后看到的结果，这可能提供对肥胖和2型糖尿病治疗的发病机制的见解。对于套管胃切除术和假手术，通过用油趾刺激确认适当的麻醉深度后，在小鼠眼睛上涂抹 Carbomer 0.2%眼凝胶，以防止眼睛干燥。鼠标被放置在手术台上并固定。用脱毛霜去除并清洁剩余的头发。用与酒精交替的波维酮碘溶液对小鼠腹部进行消毒，用于三种应用。必要时，在放大解剖显微镜或放大镜的协助下执行SG程序，以防止任何不可预知的出血和低血性休克。在上腹部做一到1.5厘米长的中线切口。使用两个弯曲的光滑锯齿状微钳轻轻移动胃并完成外化。将肠道移动到侧面裸露的皮肤，用温暖的盐水湿润纱布盖住肠子，以防止脱水。根据需要，使用棉尖探针和电烧，小心地将连接左胃的胃部韧带与脾脏分开，从而从周围的脾脏和其他内脏中解剖胃部。用钳子轻轻和横向伸展胃部和胃部，识别胃的中线，并小心地使用 LIGACLIP 应用程序将两个手术夹从胃食管结和皮罗鲁斯的 15% 中段涂抹。夹紧和隔离约75-80%的胃，从而创建整个胃的横向套管。用微切口重新分离的偏僻胃。使用棉签去除胃中残留的食物，然后用波维酮碘水溶液清洁胃的切边。用 5-0 单丝不可吸收的缝合线过缝，以确保无泄漏。将缝合线末端与两端的夹子固定。将胃肠返回到腹腔中的适当位置，并关闭腹部，用运行 5-0 单丝不可吸收的缝合线到腹壁。对于 SG 的假程序，执行与前面所述的中线腹腔切除术类似的程序，使用 37 摄氏度的湿湿盐水纱布覆盖肠道和胃外化五分钟。将胃和肠返回这些内脏器官的适当位置。在手术后，在皮下或手术后以每公斤2至5毫克的速度和25毫克的切法佐林为疼痛控制和感染预防。停止异氟，继续每分钟三到五升的房间气流，直到鼠标完全清醒。继续观察鼠标，而它恢复流动性，并开始在笼子里走来走去。将鼠标放在温度在30摄氏度左右的独立孵化器中5天，确保每个笼子只有一只鼠标。在我们经验丰富的手中，SG的成功率在学习期后约为90%。假手术和高脂肪饮食喂养小鼠的体重稳步上升。但套管胃切除术和高脂肪饮食喂养小鼠持续下降。高脂肪饮食喂养的小鼠与假和袖子胃切除术之间的胆固醇水平差异显著。这可能表明，在套管胃切除术后，氧化应激改善。血红蛋白A1C和 IPGTT 水平的差异也显著。在高脂肪饮食之间喂小鼠假和套胃切除术，并指示胰岛素抵抗和糖控制改善后，套胃切除术。这种动物模型可以帮助我们研究糖尿病和肥胖症的临床相关性，使用一个简短的外科手术与套管胃切除术。该手术可缩短手术时间，提高手术存活率。本研究的主要优点是利用简单的手术鼠标模型，模仿人类患者减肥手术的临床结果。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

植入的无线电遥测发射器产生心电图，心率，身体核心温度和自由移动的实验室小鼠的活动上的数据

The laboratory mouse is the animal species of choice for most biomedical research, in both the academic sphere and the pharmaceutical industry. Mice are a ...

科研

医学

In vitro Measurements of Tracheal Constriction Using Mice

In vitro Measurements of Tracheal Constriction Using Mice

在利用老鼠的气管收缩的体外测量

Transgenic and knockout mice have been powerful tools for the investigation of the physiology and pathophysiology of airways1,2. In vitro tensometry of ...

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

在诱导小鼠心肌梗死的微创手术过程

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last ...

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

胃食管反流与小鼠手术模型

Multiple surgical procedures have been reported to induce gastroesophageal reflux in animals. Herein, we report three surgical models with mice aiming to ...

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

使用Saccadometry与深部脑刺激来研究正常和病理脑功能

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including ...

Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice

对大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注损伤诱发中风小鼠的手术方法

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ...

Techniques of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Mice

袖胃切除术的技术和改良的小鼠空肠Roux-en-Y胃旁路

Obesity is a major public health issue, with a prevalence of 4 to 28% for men and 6.2 to 36.5% for women in Europe (from 2003 to 2008). Morbid obesity is ...

Using the Sleeve Technique in a Mouse Model of Aortic Transplantation - An Instructional Video

套筒技术在主动脉移植小鼠模型中的应用-教学视频

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the ...

Intravital Microscopy of Tumor-associated Vasculature Using Advanced Dorsal Skinfold Window Chambers on Transgenic Fluorescent Mice

应用先进的背皮窗室对转基因荧光小鼠肿瘤相关血管的活体显微镜观察

Tumor and tumor vessel development, as well as tumor response to therapeutics, are highly dynamic biological processes. Histology provides static ...

Using In Vitro Live-cell Imaging to Explore Chemotherapeutics Delivered by Lipid-based Nanoparticles

Using In Vitro Live-cell Imaging to Explore Chemotherapeutics Delivered by Lipid-based Nanoparticles

使用体外活体细胞成像技术研究脂纳米粒子化疗

Conventional imaging techniques can provide detailed information about cellular processes. However, this information is based on static images in an ...