Name: working memory training for older participants: a control group training regimen and initial intellectual functioning assessment
Uploaded: 2020-09-20T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment at JoVE.com

Der opnås beskrevne resultater fra det projekt, der støttes af Det Nationale Videnskabscenter i Polen under støtte nr. 2014/13/B/HS6/03155.

SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Ethics Committee vurderede den protokol, der er beskrevet her. Der blev indhentet skriftligt informeret samtykke i overensstemmelse med Helsingfors-erklæringen fra alle deltagere.
1. Rekruttering af deltagere
<ol><li>Rekruttér mindst 36 frivillige til hver træningsgruppe. Dette tal viste sig at være nok til at observere mellemgrupper virkninger af forfatternes tidligere forskning og også i litteraturen om emnet. Typiske effektstørrelser...

<ol>
	<li>Baddeley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory:+Looking+back+and+looking+forward.">Working memory: Looking back and looking forward.</a> Nature Reviews Neuroscience. , (2003).</li><li>Au, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+fluid+intelligence+with+training+on+working+memory:+a+meta-analysis.">Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis.</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 22, 366-377 (2015).</li><li>Karbach, J., Verhaeghen, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Making+working+memory+work:+A+meta-analysis+of+executive+control+and+working+memory+training+in+younger+and+older+adults.">Making working memory work: A meta-analysis of executive control and working memory training in younger and older adults.</a> Psychological Science. 25, 11-2027 (2014).</li><li>Melby-Lerv&#229;g, M., Hulme, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+working+memory+training+effective?+A+meta-analytic+review.">Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review.</a> Developmental Psychology. , (2013).</li><li>Melby-Lerv&#229;g, M., Redick, T. S., Hulme, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+Memory+Training+Does+Not+Improve+Performance+on+Measures+of+Intelligence+or+Other+Measures+of+&amp;#34;Far+Transfer&amp;#34;:+Evidence+From+a+Meta-Analytic+Review.">Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of &amp;#34;Far Transfer&amp;#34;: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review.</a> Perspectives on Psychological Science. , (2016).</li><li>Schwaighofer, M., Fischer, F., B&#252;hner, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+Working+Memory+Training+Transfer?+A+Meta-Analysis+Including+Training+Conditions+as+Moderators.">Does Working Memory Training Transfer? A Meta-Analysis Including Training Conditions as Moderators.</a> Educational Psychologist. , (2015).</li><li>Soveri, A., Antfolk, J., Karlsson, L., Salo, B., Laine, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+revisited:+A+multi-level+meta-analysis+of+n-back+training+studies.">Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies.</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. , (2017).</li><li>Au, J., Buschkuehl, M., Duncan, G. J., Jaeggi, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=There+is+no+convincing+evidence+that+working+memory+training+is+NOT+effective:+A+reply+to+Melby-Lerv&#229;g+and+Hulme+(2015).">There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is NOT effective: A reply to Melby-Lerv&#229;g and Hulme (2015).</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. , (2016).</li><li>Dougherty, M. R., Hamovitz, T., Tidwell, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reevaluating+the+effectiveness+of+n-back+training+on+transfer+through+the+Bayesian+lens:+Support+for+the+null.">Reevaluating the effectiveness of n-back training on transfer through the Bayesian lens: Support for the null.</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. , (2016).</li><li>L&#246;vd&#233;n, M., B&#228;ckman, L., Lindenberger, U., Schaefer, S., Schmiedek, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Adult Cognitive Plasticity. , (2010).</li><li>Shinaver, C. S., Entwistle, P. C., S&#246;derqvist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cogmed+WM+Training:+Reviewing+the+Reviews.">Cogmed WM Training: Reviewing the Reviews.</a> Applied Neuropsychology: Child. , (2014).</li><li>Shipstead, Z., Redick, T. S., Engle, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+working+memory+training+generalize?.">Does working memory training generalize?.</a> Psychologica Belgica. , (2010).</li><li>Shipstead, Z., Redick, T. S., Engle, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+working+memory+training+effective?.">Is working memory training effective?.</a> Psychological Bulletin. 138 (4), 628-654 (2012).</li><li>Weicker, J., Villringer, A., Th&#246;ne-Otto, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Can+impaired+working+memory+functioning+be+improved+by+training?+A+meta-analysis+with+a+special+focus+on+brain+injured+patients.">Can impaired working memory functioning be improved by training? A meta-analysis with a special focus on brain injured patients.</a> Neuropsychology. , (2016).</li><li>Brehmer, Y., Westerberg, H., B&#228;ckman, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working-memory+training+in+younger+and+older+adults:+Training+gains,+transfer,+and+maintenance.">Working-memory training in younger and older adults: Training gains, transfer, and maintenance.</a> Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. , (2012).</li><li>Dahlin, E., Neely, A. S., Larsson, A., B&#228;ckman, L., Nyberg, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum. , (2008).</li><li>Dorbath, L., Hasselhorn, M., Titz, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+and+executive+functioning:+A+training+study+on+focus-switching.">Aging and executive functioning: A training study on focus-switching.</a> Frontiers in Psychology. , (2011).</li><li>Heinzel, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+improvements+and+gains+in+non-trained+cognitive+tasks+in+young+and+older+adults.">Working memory training improvements and gains in non-trained cognitive tasks in young and older adults.</a> Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. , (2014).</li><li>Schmiedek, F., L&#246;vd&#233;n, M., Lindenberger, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hundred+days+of+cognitive+training+enhance+broad+cognitive+abilities+in+adulthood:+Findings+from+the+COGITO+study.">Hundred days of cognitive training enhance broad cognitive abilities in adulthood: Findings from the COGITO study.</a> Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. , (2010).</li><li>Zinke, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+and+transfer+in+older+adults:+Effects+of+age,+baseline+performance,+and+training+gains.">Working memory training and transfer in older adults: Effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains.</a> Developmental Psychology. 50 (1), 304-315 (2014).</li><li>B&#252;rki, C. N., Ludwig, C., Chicherio, C., de Ribaupierre, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Individual+differences+in+cognitive+plasticity:+an+investigation+of+training+curves+in+younger+and+older+adults.">Individual differences in cognitive plasticity: an investigation of training curves in younger and older adults.</a> Psychological Research. , (2014).</li><li>Li, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+Memory+Plasticity+in+Old+Age:+Practice+Gain,+Transfer,+and+Maintenance+.">Working Memory Plasticity in Old Age: Practice Gain, Transfer, and Maintenance .</a> Psychology and Aging. , (2008).</li><li>Richmond, L. L., Morrison, A. B., Chein, J. M., Olson, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+and+transfer+in+older+adults.">Working memory training and transfer in older adults.</a> Psychology and Aging. 26 (4), 813-822 (2011).</li><li>von Bastian, C. C., Oberauer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+and+mechanisms+of+working+memory+training:+a+review.">Effects and mechanisms of working memory training: a review.</a> Psychological Research. 78 (6), 803-820 (2014).</li><li>Zaj&#261;c-Lamparska, L., Trempa&#322;a, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+working+memory+and+attentional+control+training+and+their+transfer+onto+fluid+intelligence+in+early+and+late+adulthood.">Effects of working memory and attentional control training and their transfer onto fluid intelligence in early and late adulthood.</a> Health Psychology Report. 4 (1), 41-53 (2016).</li><li>Verhaeghen, P., Marcoen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+mechanisms+of+plasticity+in+young+and+older+adults+after+instruction+in+the+method+of+loci:+Evidence+for+an+amplification+model.">On the mechanisms of plasticity in young and older adults after instruction in the method of loci: Evidence for an amplification model.</a> Psychology and Aging. , (1996).</li><li>Borella, E., Carbone, E., Pastore, M., De Beni, R., Carretti, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+for+healthy+older+adults:+The+role+of+individual+characteristics+in+explaining+short-+and+long-term+gains.">Working memory training for healthy older adults: The role of individual characteristics in explaining short- and long-term gains.</a> Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. , (2017).</li><li>Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van Uzendoorn, M. H., Bradley, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Those+who+have,+receive:+The+matthew+effect+in+early+childhood+intervention+in+the+home+environment.">Those who have, receive: The matthew effect in early childhood intervention in the home environment.</a> Review of Educational Research. , (2005).</li><li>Foster, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+the+effects+of+working+memory+training+depend+on+baseline+ability+level?.">Do the effects of working memory training depend on baseline ability level?.</a> Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition. 43 (11), 1677-1689 (2017).</li><li>Kliegel, M., B&#252;rki, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Memory+training+interventions+require+a+tailor-made+approach:+Commentary+on+McDaniel+and+Bugg.">Memory training interventions require a tailor-made approach: Commentary on McDaniel and Bugg.</a> Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. , (2012).</li><li>Sternberg, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Memory-scanning:+mental+processes+revealed+by+reaction-time+experiments.">Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments.</a> American Scientist. , (1969).</li><li>Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., McHugh, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mini-mental+status.+A+practical+method+for+grading+the+cognitive+state+of+patients+for+the+clinician.">Mini-mental status. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.</a> Journal of Psychiatric Research. 12 (3), 189-198 (1975).</li><li>Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., Perrig, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+fluid+intelligence+with+training+on+working+memory.">Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. , (2008).</li><li>Bolger, N., Laurenceau, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methodology in the Social Sciences. , (2013).</li><li>Kwok, O. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analyzing+Longitudinal+Data+With+Multilevel+Models:+An+Example+With+Individuals+Living+With+Lower+Extremity+Intra-Articular+Fractures.">Analyzing Longitudinal Data With Multilevel Models: An Example With Individuals Living With Lower Extremity Intra-Articular Fractures.</a> Rehabilitation Psychology. , (2008).</li><li>Bissig, D., Lustig, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Who+benefits+from+memory+training?.">Who benefits from memory training?.</a> Psychological Science. , (2007).</li><li>Borella, E., Carretti, B., Riboldi, F., De Beni, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+Memory+Training+in+Older+Adults:+Evidence+of+Transfer+and+Maintenance+Effects.">Working Memory Training in Older Adults: Evidence of Transfer and Maintenance Effects.</a> Psychology and Aging. , (2010).</li><li>Kraemer, K. R., Enam, T., McDonough, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cognitive+reserve+moderates+older+adults'+memory+errors+in+an+autobiographical+reality+monitoring+task.">Cognitive reserve moderates older adults' memory errors in an autobiographical reality monitoring task.</a> Psychology and Neuroscience. , (2019).</li><li>L&#243;pez-Higes, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+cognitive+training+in+older+adults+with+and+without+subjective+cognitive+decline+is+associated+with+inhibition+efficiency+and+working+memory+span,+not+with+cognitive+reserve.">Efficacy of cognitive training in older adults with and without subjective cognitive decline is associated with inhibition efficiency and working memory span, not with cognitive reserve.</a> Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. , (2018).</li><li>Mill, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A system of logic, ratiocinative and inductive: Being a connected view of the principles of evidence, and the methods of scientific investigation. 1, (1875).</li><li>Redick, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+and+interpreting+interactions+in+intelligence+interventions.">Working memory training and interpreting interactions in intelligence interventions.</a> Intelligence. , (2015).</li><li>Guiney, H., Machado, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volunteering+in+the+Community:+Potential+Benefits+for+Cognitive+Aging.">Volunteering in the Community: Potential Benefits for Cognitive Aging.</a> Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. , (2018).</li><li>Proulx, C. M., Curl, A. L., Ermer, A. 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I den undersøgelse, der præsenteres her, har vi undersøgt, om ældre voksne kunne drage fordel af træning i arbejdshukommelse, og om det er forbundet med det oprindelige niveau af deres grundlæggende kognition. Vi brugte en n-back opgave som en eksperimentel intervention og arbejdshukommelse kapacitet (målt med OSPAN opgave) var metoden til sonde deltagernes oprindelige niveau af intellektuel funktion. Vi havde to kritiske skridt i protokollen. Den første og vigtigste var vurderingen af det oprindelige WM-niveau. ...

I mange kognitive træningsstudier bruges den dobbelte n-back-opgave som en metode til træning af arbejdshukommelse (WM). WM er et fælles mål for kognitive indgreb på grund af dets betydning for andre intellektuelle funktioner på højere niveau1. Effektiviteten af en sådan uddannelse og dens potentiale for at skabe en mere generel forbedring af kognitionen har imidlertid været meget omdiskuteret (for metaanalyse, se2,3,4,5,6,7,14 og for anmeldelser, se4,8,9,10,11,12,13). Mens nogle forskere hævder, at ''' ... der var ingen overbevisende dokumentation for generaliseringen af træning i arbejdshukommelse til andrefærdigheder'' 4, andre præsenterer metaanalysedata, som viser meget betydelige virkninger af WM-træning2,3,5,6,11. Det særskilte problem er effektiviteten af masseødelæggelsesvåben i den ældre befolkning. Flere WM-uddannelsesundersøgelser rapporterede større fordele hos yngre voksne sammenlignet med ældre voksne15,16,17,18,19,20, mens andre viser , at lignende virkninger kan observeres i begge aldersgrupper21,22,23,24,25.
Forskellige elementer menes at forudsige fordelene ved hukommelsestræning26. Nogle af disse faktorer synes at være potentielle moderatorer af WM-uddannelseseffektivitet21. Mental kapacitet, der beskrives som den grundlæggende kognitive kapacitet eller generelle kognitive ressource, synes at være en af de stærkeste valg for denne position. For at vurdere det oprindelige intellektuelle niveaus rolle lægger vi særlig vægt (den metode, der er beskrevet her) på målingen af den kognitive kapacitet, før vi anvender et træningsregime. Det var dikteret af dataene, der viser, at deltagere, der er karakteriseret ved højere kognitiv kapacitet i begyndelsen af træningen, opnåede væsentligt bedre træningsresultater sammenlignet med dem med lavere niveauer af indledende kognitiv funktion27. Et lignende fænomen observeres i uddannelsesforskning, hvor det omtales som Matthew-effekten28, en observation af, at mennesker med oprindeligt bedre færdigheder forbedres endnu mere sammenlignet med dem med det foreløbige lavere niveau af evne.
Det er tankevækkende, selv om, at ikke så mange rapporter er blevet offentliggjort om dette emne21,29. Desuden efterlades selv betydelige individuelle forskelle, især når det kommer til den ældre befolkning, ofte uden opsyn under dataanalyse og fortolkning30. I denne undersøgelse undersøger vi virkningen af det oprindelige niveau af arbejdshukommelseskapacitet på WM-træningssucces i gruppen af sunde ældre voksne. For at opretholde alle elementer i uddannelsesordningerne så ens som muligt mellem forsøgs- og kontrolgrupper, anvendte vi et aktivt kontrolgruppedesign. Derfor forblev træningsindholdet (WM versus semantisk hukommelse) den ene afgørende faktor, der var afgørende for den forventede forskel i træningsresultaterne. Begge grupper udførte edb-baserede, hjemmebaserede træninger. Medlemmer af den eksperimentelle gruppe blev tildelt et adaptivt dual n-back træningsprogram og en aktiv kontrolgruppe trænet med en opgave baseret på en semantisk hukommelsesquiz. Nyt i tilgangen her er vægten på den indledende evaluering af deltagernes kognitive niveau ved at vurdere deres arbejdshukommelseskapacitet (WMC). Derudover har metoden til vurdering af det oprindelige WMC-niveau, vi præsenterer i denne artikel, vist sig at være et effektivt værktøj til at skelne mellem mennesker, der vil og ikke vil få succes under efterfølgende træning i arbejdshukommelse. Vi har tidligere beskrevet og offentliggjort resultater fra denne undersøgelse44. Derfor fokuserer vi i denne artikel på en detaljeret beskrivelse af den protokol, vi brugte.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:976px;" width="976">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">GEx</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">authorial online platform: 
			used for N-back training, Quiz</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">IBM Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">SPSS software was used to compute statistical analysis.</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Inquisit version 4.0.8.0</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Millisecond Software</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">software: tool for designing and administering experiments 
			used for: The Sternberg Task, The Linear Syllogism Task and presenting the instructions for baseline EEG recording</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">MATLAB R2018b</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">The MathWorks, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">MATLAB software was used to compute statistics and to export databases and&#160; visualisation of the results</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PsychoPy version 2 v.1.83.04</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Jonathan Peirce; supported by University of Nottingham</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">open-source software 
			used for: Go/no Go Task, The Switching Task, Running Memory Span Taskckage based on Python</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sublime Text (version 2.0.2)</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">open-source software: HTML editor 
			used for: online OSPAN Task</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

working memory training for older participants: a control group training regimen and initial intellectual functioning assessment

Effekten af kognitive træningsinterventioner er for nylig meget omdiskuteret. Der er ikke enighed om, hvilken form for uddannelsesordning der er den mest effektive. Desuden undersøges individuelle karakteristika som prædiktorer for uddannelsesresultater stadig. I denne artikel viser vi forsøget på at løse dette problem ved at undersøge ikke kun virkningen af arbejdshukommelse (WM) træning på kognitiv effektivitet hos ældre voksne, men også indflydelsen af den oprindelige WM-kapacitet (WMC) på træningens resultat. Vi beskriver detaljeret, hvordan man udfører 5 uger af en adaptiv dual n-back træning med en aktiv kontrolgruppe (hukommelsesquiz). Vi fokuserer her på tekniske aspekter af uddannelsen samt på den indledende vurdering af deltagernes WMC. Evalueringen af før- og eftertræningspræstationer af andre kognitive dimensioner var baseret på resultaterne af test af hukommelsesopdatering, hæmning, opmærksomhedsskift, korttidshukommelse (STM) og ræsonnement. Vi har konstateret, at det oprindelige niveau af WMC forudsiger effektiviteten af n-back uddannelse intervention. Vi har også bemærket forbedringen efter træning i næsten alle aspekter af kognitiv funktion, vi målte, men disse virkninger var for det meste interventionuafhængige.

Uddannelsesrelaterede virkninger
85 forsøgspersoner deltog i undersøgelsen (29 var mænd), og de var i gennemsnit 66,7 år gamle. På grund af tekniske problemer blev data fra en deltager i n-back-træningsgruppen ikke registreret. Endelig blev data fra 43 deltagere i n-back træningsgruppe og 42 i Quiz træningsgruppe analyseret. Multivariatanalyse af varians (MANOVA) med gentagne foranstaltninger blev brugt ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment at JoVE.com

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

En kognitiv træningsintervention hos ældre befolkning sammen med vurderingen af de kognitive evner før træning præsenteres. Vi viser to versioner af træning - eksperimentel og aktiv kontrol - og demonstrerer deres virkninger på den vifte af kognitive tests.

Træning i arbejdshukommelse for ældre deltagere: En kontrolgruppeuddannelsesordning og indledende vurdering af intellektuel funktion

The efficacy of cognitive training interventions is recently highly debated. There is no consensus on what kind of training regimen is the most effective. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Træning synesthetic Letter-farve Foreninger ved at læse i Color

Synesthesia is a rare condition in which a stimulus from one modality automatically and consistently triggers unusual sensations in the same and/or other ...

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

En Kognitiv Paradigm at undersøge interferens i Working Memory af distraktioner og afbrydelser

Goal-directed behavior is often impaired by interference from the external environment, either in the form of distraction by irrelevant information that ...

Vision Training Methods for Sports Concussion Mitigation and Management

Vision Training Metoder til Sports Hjernerystelse Mitigation and Management

There is emerging evidence supporting the use vision training, including light board training tools, as a concussion baseline and neuro-diagnostic tool ...

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Kombineret Shuttle-Box Træning med Elektrofysiologisk Cortex Optagelse og Stimulation som værktøj til at studere Perception og læring

Shuttle-box avoidance learning is a well-established method in behavioral neuroscience and experimental setups were traditionally custom-made; the ...

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

En metode til evaluering af forstærkende egenskaber af ethanol i rotter uden vand afsavn, Saccharin Fading eller udvidet adgang Uddannelse

Operant oral self-administration methods are commonly used to study the reinforcing properties of ethanol in animals. However, the standard methods ...

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

Pavlovsk konditioneret Approach Træning i rotter

Cues that are contingently paired with unconditioned, rewarding stimuli can acquire rewarding properties themselves through a process known as the ...

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance

An Innovative Running Wheel-baserede Mekanisme for Forbedret Rat Training ydeevne

This study presents an animal mobility system, equipped with a positioning running wheel (PRW), as a way to quantify the efficacy of an exercise activity ...

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children &#8211; Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œ Working Memory CABC-WM

Vurdering af arbejdshukommelse hos børn: Det omfattende vurderingsbatteri for børn - Arbejdshukommelse (CABC-WM)

The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children - Working Memory (CABC-WM) is a computer-based battery designed to assess different components of ...

Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice

Introduktion Clicktræning som Kognitiv Berigelse for Laboratory Mus

Establishing new refinement strategies in laboratory animal science is a central goal in fulfilling the requirements of Directive 2010/63/EU. Previous ...

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Reducere statsangst ved hjælp af vedligeholdelse af arbejdsminne

The purpose of this protocol is to explain how to examine the relationship between working memory processes and anxiety by combining the Sternberg Working ...