Name: working memory training for older participants: a control group training regimen and initial intellectual functioning assessment
Uploaded: 2020-09-20T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment at JoVE.com

De beskrevne resultatene er hentet fra prosjektet som støttes av Det nasjonale vitenskapssenteret i Polen under tilskudd nr.

SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Ethics Committee vurderte protokollen som er beskrevet her. Et skriftlig informert samtykke i samsvar med Helsingfors-erklæringen ble innhentet fra alle deltakere.
1. Deltakere rekruttering
<ol><li>Rekruttere minst 36 frivillige til hver treningsgruppe. Dette tallet ble dokumentert å være nok til å observere mellomgrupper effekter av forfatternes tidligere forskning og også i litteraturen om emnet. Typiske effektstørrelser i studier av ...

<ol>
	<li>Baddeley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory:+Looking+back+and+looking+forward.">Working memory: Looking back and looking forward.</a> Nature Reviews Neuroscience. , (2003).</li><li>Au, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+fluid+intelligence+with+training+on+working+memory:+a+meta-analysis.">Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis.</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 22, 366-377 (2015).</li><li>Karbach, J., Verhaeghen, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Making+working+memory+work:+A+meta-analysis+of+executive+control+and+working+memory+training+in+younger+and+older+adults.">Making working memory work: A meta-analysis of executive control and working memory training in younger and older adults.</a> Psychological Science. 25, 11-2027 (2014).</li><li>Melby-Lerv&#229;g, M., Hulme, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+working+memory+training+effective?+A+meta-analytic+review.">Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review.</a> Developmental Psychology. , (2013).</li><li>Melby-Lerv&#229;g, M., Redick, T. S., Hulme, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+Memory+Training+Does+Not+Improve+Performance+on+Measures+of+Intelligence+or+Other+Measures+of+&amp;#34;Far+Transfer&amp;#34;:+Evidence+From+a+Meta-Analytic+Review.">Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of &amp;#34;Far Transfer&amp;#34;: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review.</a> Perspectives on Psychological Science. , (2016).</li><li>Schwaighofer, M., Fischer, F., B&#252;hner, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+Working+Memory+Training+Transfer?+A+Meta-Analysis+Including+Training+Conditions+as+Moderators.">Does Working Memory Training Transfer? A Meta-Analysis Including Training Conditions as Moderators.</a> Educational Psychologist. , (2015).</li><li>Soveri, A., Antfolk, J., Karlsson, L., Salo, B., Laine, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+revisited:+A+multi-level+meta-analysis+of+n-back+training+studies.">Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies.</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. , (2017).</li><li>Au, J., Buschkuehl, M., Duncan, G. J., Jaeggi, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=There+is+no+convincing+evidence+that+working+memory+training+is+NOT+effective:+A+reply+to+Melby-Lerv&#229;g+and+Hulme+(2015).">There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is NOT effective: A reply to Melby-Lerv&#229;g and Hulme (2015).</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. , (2016).</li><li>Dougherty, M. R., Hamovitz, T., Tidwell, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reevaluating+the+effectiveness+of+n-back+training+on+transfer+through+the+Bayesian+lens:+Support+for+the+null.">Reevaluating the effectiveness of n-back training on transfer through the Bayesian lens: Support for the null.</a> Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. , (2016).</li><li>L&#246;vd&#233;n, M., B&#228;ckman, L., Lindenberger, U., Schaefer, S., Schmiedek, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Adult Cognitive Plasticity. , (2010).</li><li>Shinaver, C. S., Entwistle, P. C., S&#246;derqvist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cogmed+WM+Training:+Reviewing+the+Reviews.">Cogmed WM Training: Reviewing the Reviews.</a> Applied Neuropsychology: Child. , (2014).</li><li>Shipstead, Z., Redick, T. S., Engle, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+working+memory+training+generalize?.">Does working memory training generalize?.</a> Psychologica Belgica. , (2010).</li><li>Shipstead, Z., Redick, T. S., Engle, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+working+memory+training+effective?.">Is working memory training effective?.</a> Psychological Bulletin. 138 (4), 628-654 (2012).</li><li>Weicker, J., Villringer, A., Th&#246;ne-Otto, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Can+impaired+working+memory+functioning+be+improved+by+training?+A+meta-analysis+with+a+special+focus+on+brain+injured+patients.">Can impaired working memory functioning be improved by training? A meta-analysis with a special focus on brain injured patients.</a> Neuropsychology. , (2016).</li><li>Brehmer, Y., Westerberg, H., B&#228;ckman, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working-memory+training+in+younger+and+older+adults:+Training+gains,+transfer,+and+maintenance.">Working-memory training in younger and older adults: Training gains, transfer, and maintenance.</a> Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. , (2012).</li><li>Dahlin, E., Neely, A. S., Larsson, A., B&#228;ckman, L., Nyberg, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum. , (2008).</li><li>Dorbath, L., Hasselhorn, M., Titz, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+and+executive+functioning:+A+training+study+on+focus-switching.">Aging and executive functioning: A training study on focus-switching.</a> Frontiers in Psychology. , (2011).</li><li>Heinzel, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+improvements+and+gains+in+non-trained+cognitive+tasks+in+young+and+older+adults.">Working memory training improvements and gains in non-trained cognitive tasks in young and older adults.</a> Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. , (2014).</li><li>Schmiedek, F., L&#246;vd&#233;n, M., Lindenberger, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hundred+days+of+cognitive+training+enhance+broad+cognitive+abilities+in+adulthood:+Findings+from+the+COGITO+study.">Hundred days of cognitive training enhance broad cognitive abilities in adulthood: Findings from the COGITO study.</a> Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. , (2010).</li><li>Zinke, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+and+transfer+in+older+adults:+Effects+of+age,+baseline+performance,+and+training+gains.">Working memory training and transfer in older adults: Effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains.</a> Developmental Psychology. 50 (1), 304-315 (2014).</li><li>B&#252;rki, C. N., Ludwig, C., Chicherio, C., de Ribaupierre, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Individual+differences+in+cognitive+plasticity:+an+investigation+of+training+curves+in+younger+and+older+adults.">Individual differences in cognitive plasticity: an investigation of training curves in younger and older adults.</a> Psychological Research. , (2014).</li><li>Li, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+Memory+Plasticity+in+Old+Age:+Practice+Gain,+Transfer,+and+Maintenance+.">Working Memory Plasticity in Old Age: Practice Gain, Transfer, and Maintenance .</a> Psychology and Aging. , (2008).</li><li>Richmond, L. L., Morrison, A. B., Chein, J. M., Olson, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+and+transfer+in+older+adults.">Working memory training and transfer in older adults.</a> Psychology and Aging. 26 (4), 813-822 (2011).</li><li>von Bastian, C. C., Oberauer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+and+mechanisms+of+working+memory+training:+a+review.">Effects and mechanisms of working memory training: a review.</a> Psychological Research. 78 (6), 803-820 (2014).</li><li>Zaj&#261;c-Lamparska, L., Trempa&#322;a, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+working+memory+and+attentional+control+training+and+their+transfer+onto+fluid+intelligence+in+early+and+late+adulthood.">Effects of working memory and attentional control training and their transfer onto fluid intelligence in early and late adulthood.</a> Health Psychology Report. 4 (1), 41-53 (2016).</li><li>Verhaeghen, P., Marcoen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+mechanisms+of+plasticity+in+young+and+older+adults+after+instruction+in+the+method+of+loci:+Evidence+for+an+amplification+model.">On the mechanisms of plasticity in young and older adults after instruction in the method of loci: Evidence for an amplification model.</a> Psychology and Aging. , (1996).</li><li>Borella, E., Carbone, E., Pastore, M., De Beni, R., Carretti, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+for+healthy+older+adults:+The+role+of+individual+characteristics+in+explaining+short-+and+long-term+gains.">Working memory training for healthy older adults: The role of individual characteristics in explaining short- and long-term gains.</a> Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. , (2017).</li><li>Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van Uzendoorn, M. H., Bradley, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Those+who+have,+receive:+The+matthew+effect+in+early+childhood+intervention+in+the+home+environment.">Those who have, receive: The matthew effect in early childhood intervention in the home environment.</a> Review of Educational Research. , (2005).</li><li>Foster, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+the+effects+of+working+memory+training+depend+on+baseline+ability+level?.">Do the effects of working memory training depend on baseline ability level?.</a> Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition. 43 (11), 1677-1689 (2017).</li><li>Kliegel, M., B&#252;rki, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Memory+training+interventions+require+a+tailor-made+approach:+Commentary+on+McDaniel+and+Bugg.">Memory training interventions require a tailor-made approach: Commentary on McDaniel and Bugg.</a> Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. , (2012).</li><li>Sternberg, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Memory-scanning:+mental+processes+revealed+by+reaction-time+experiments.">Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments.</a> American Scientist. , (1969).</li><li>Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., McHugh, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mini-mental+status.+A+practical+method+for+grading+the+cognitive+state+of+patients+for+the+clinician.">Mini-mental status. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.</a> Journal of Psychiatric Research. 12 (3), 189-198 (1975).</li><li>Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., Perrig, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+fluid+intelligence+with+training+on+working+memory.">Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. , (2008).</li><li>Bolger, N., Laurenceau, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methodology in the Social Sciences. , (2013).</li><li>Kwok, O. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analyzing+Longitudinal+Data+With+Multilevel+Models:+An+Example+With+Individuals+Living+With+Lower+Extremity+Intra-Articular+Fractures.">Analyzing Longitudinal Data With Multilevel Models: An Example With Individuals Living With Lower Extremity Intra-Articular Fractures.</a> Rehabilitation Psychology. , (2008).</li><li>Bissig, D., Lustig, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Who+benefits+from+memory+training?.">Who benefits from memory training?.</a> Psychological Science. , (2007).</li><li>Borella, E., Carretti, B., Riboldi, F., De Beni, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+Memory+Training+in+Older+Adults:+Evidence+of+Transfer+and+Maintenance+Effects.">Working Memory Training in Older Adults: Evidence of Transfer and Maintenance Effects.</a> Psychology and Aging. , (2010).</li><li>Kraemer, K. R., Enam, T., McDonough, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cognitive+reserve+moderates+older+adults'+memory+errors+in+an+autobiographical+reality+monitoring+task.">Cognitive reserve moderates older adults' memory errors in an autobiographical reality monitoring task.</a> Psychology and Neuroscience. , (2019).</li><li>L&#243;pez-Higes, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+cognitive+training+in+older+adults+with+and+without+subjective+cognitive+decline+is+associated+with+inhibition+efficiency+and+working+memory+span,+not+with+cognitive+reserve.">Efficacy of cognitive training in older adults with and without subjective cognitive decline is associated with inhibition efficiency and working memory span, not with cognitive reserve.</a> Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. , (2018).</li><li>Mill, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A system of logic, ratiocinative and inductive: Being a connected view of the principles of evidence, and the methods of scientific investigation. 1, (1875).</li><li>Redick, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+memory+training+and+interpreting+interactions+in+intelligence+interventions.">Working memory training and interpreting interactions in intelligence interventions.</a> Intelligence. , (2015).</li><li>Guiney, H., Machado, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volunteering+in+the+Community:+Potential+Benefits+for+Cognitive+Aging.">Volunteering in the Community: Potential Benefits for Cognitive Aging.</a> Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. , (2018).</li><li>Proulx, C. M., Curl, A. L., Ermer, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+Associations+between+Formal+Volunteering+and+Cognitive+Functioning.">Longitudinal Associations between Formal Volunteering and Cognitive Functioning.</a> Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. , (2018).</li><li>Matysiak, O., Kroemeke, A., Brzezicka, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Working+Memory+Capacity+as+a+Predictor+of+Cognitive+Training+Efficacy+in+the+Elderly+Population.">Working Memory Capacity as a Predictor of Cognitive Training Efficacy in the Elderly Population.</a> Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 11, 126 (2019).</li></ol>

I studien som presenteres her, har vi undersøkt om eldre voksne kan ha nytte av arbeidsminnetrening og om det er koblet til det første nivået av deres grunnleggende kognisjon. Vi brukte en n-back oppgave som en eksperimentell intervensjon og arbeidsminnekapasitet (målt med OSPAN-oppgaven) var metoden for å undersøke deltakernes første nivå av intellektuell funksjon. Vi hadde to kritiske skritt i protokollen. Den første og viktigste var vurderingen av det første WM-nivået. Den andre var forsiktig matching av de...

I mange kognitive treninger studier, dual n-back oppgave brukes som en metode for arbeidsminne (WM) trening. WM er et vanlig mål for kognitive intervensjoner på grunn av sin betydning for andre, høyere nivå intellektuelle funksjoner1. Men effektiviteten av slik opplæring og dens potensial for å skape en mer generell forbedring i kognisjon, har vært svært debattert (for meta-analyse, se2,3,4,5,6,7,14 og for anmeldelser, se4,8,9,10,11,12,13). Mens noen forskere hevder at ''... det var ingen overbevisende bevis på generalisering av arbeidsminnetrening til andre ferdigheter''4, andre presentere meta-analytiske data, som viser svært betydelige effekter av WM trening2,3,5,6,11. Det separate problemet er effektiviteten av WM i den eldre befolkningen. Flere WM trening studier rapporterte større fordeler hos yngre voksne sammenlignet med eldre voksne15,16,17,18,19,20,mens andre viser at lignende effekter kan observeres i beggealdersgrupper 21,22,23,24,25.
Ulike elementer antas å forutsi fordelene med minnetrening26. Noen av disse faktorene ser ut til å være potensielle moderatorer av WM-treningseffektivitet21. Mental kapasitet, som beskrives som den grunnleggende kognitive kapasiteten eller den generelle kognitive ressursen, synes å være et av de sterkeste valgene for denne stillingen. For å vurdere rollen som det første intellektuelle nivået, legger vi særlig vekt på (metoden som er beskrevet her) på måling av den kognitive kapasiteten før vi bruker et treningsregime. Det ble diktert av dataene som viser at deltakerne, som er preget av høyere kognitiv kapasitet i begynnelsen av treningen, oppnådde vesentlig bedre treningsresultater sammenlignet med de med lavere nivåer av innledende kognitiv funksjon27. Et lignende fenomen observeres i pedagogisk forskning, hvor det kalles Matthew effekt28, en observasjon at personer med i utgangspunktet bedre dyktighet forbedre enda mer sammenlignet med de med foreløpig lavere nivå av evne i spørsmålet.
Det er imidlertid tankevekkende at ikke så mange rapporter har blitt publisert om dette emnet21,29. Videre er selv betydelige individuelle forskjeller, spesielt når det gjelder den eldre befolkningen, ofte uten tilsyn under dataanalyse og tolkning30. I den nåværende studien undersøker vi effekten av det første nivået av arbeidsminnekapasitet på WM-treningssuksess i gruppen av friske eldre voksne. For å opprettholde alle elementer i treningsregimene så like som mulig mellom eksperimentelle og kontrollgrupper, brukte vi en aktiv kontrollgruppedesign. Derfor forble treningsinnholdet (WM versus semantisk minne) den viktigste faktoren som avgjorde den forventede forskjellen i treningsresultatene. Begge gruppene utførte datastyrte, hjemmebaserte treninger. Medlemmer av den eksperimentelle gruppen ble tildelt et adaptivt dual n-back treningsprogram og en aktiv kontrollgruppe trent med en oppgave basert på en semantisk minnequiz. Nytt i tilnærmingen her er vektleggingen av den første evalueringen av deltakernes kognitive nivå ved å vurdere deres arbeidsminnekapasitet (WMC). I tillegg har metoden for å vurdere det første WMC-nivået vi presenterer i denne artikkelen vist seg å være et effektivt verktøy for å skille mellom personer som vil og ikke vil lykkes under påfølgende opplæring i arbeidsminne. Vi har tidligere beskrevet og publisert resultater fra denne studien44. Derfor fokuserer vi i denne artikkelen på en detaljert beskrivelse av protokollen vi brukte.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:976px;" width="976">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">GEx</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">authorial online platform: 
			used for N-back training, Quiz</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">IBM Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">SPSS software was used to compute statistical analysis.</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Inquisit version 4.0.8.0</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Millisecond Software</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">software: tool for designing and administering experiments 
			used for: The Sternberg Task, The Linear Syllogism Task and presenting the instructions for baseline EEG recording</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">MATLAB R2018b</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">The MathWorks, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">MATLAB software was used to compute statistics and to export databases and&#160; visualisation of the results</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PsychoPy version 2 v.1.83.04</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Jonathan Peirce; supported by University of Nottingham</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">open-source software 
			used for: Go/no Go Task, The Switching Task, Running Memory Span Taskckage based on Python</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sublime Text (version 2.0.2)</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:289px;">open-source software: HTML editor 
			used for: online OSPAN Task</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

working memory training for older participants: a control group training regimen and initial intellectual functioning assessment

Effekten av kognitive opplæringstiltak er nylig sterkt debattert. Det er ingen enighet om hva slags treningsregime som er mest effektiv. Også individuelle egenskaper som prediktorer for treningsresultat blir fortsatt undersøkt. I denne artikkelen viser vi forsøket på å løse dette problemet ved å undersøke ikke bare virkningen av arbeidsminneopplæring (WM) på kognitiv effektivitet hos eldre voksne, men også påvirkningen av den første WM-kapasiteten (WMC) på treningens utfall. Vi beskriver i detalj hvordan du utfører 5 uker med en adaptiv dual n-back trening med en aktiv kontrollgruppe (minnequiz). Vi fokuserer her på tekniske aspekter ved opplæringen, samt på den første vurderingen av deltakernes WMC. Evalueringen av pre- og ettertreningsytelsen til andre kognitive dimensjoner var basert på resultatene av tester av minneoppdatering, hemming, oppmerksomhetsskiftende, korttidsminne (STM) og resonnement. Vi har funnet ut at det første nivået av WMC forutsier effektiviteten av n-back trening intervensjon. Vi har også lagt merke til forbedringen etter trening i nesten alle aspekter av kognitiv funksjon vi målte, men disse effektene var for det meste intervensjonsuavhengige.

Treningsrelaterte effekter
85 forsøkspersoner deltok i studien (29 var menn) og de var i gjennomsnitt 66,7 år gamle. På grunn av tekniske problemer ble ikke data fra én deltaker i opplæringsgruppen n-back registrert. Til slutt ble dataene fra 43 deltakere i n-back treningsgruppe og 42 i Quiz treningsgruppe analysert. Multivariatanalyse av varians (MANOVA) med gjentatte tiltak ble brukt til å analysere tren...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment at JoVE.com

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

En kognitiv opplæringsintervensjon i eldre befolkning sammen med vurderingen av de kognitive evnene før trening presenteres. Vi viser to versjoner av trening - eksperimentell og aktiv kontroll - og viser deres effekter på rekke kognitive tester.

Opplæring av arbeidsminne for eldre deltakere: Et kontrollgruppetreningsregime og første vurdering av intellektuell funksjon

The efficacy of cognitive training interventions is recently highly debated. There is no consensus on what kind of training regimen is the most effective. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Trening synesthetic Letter-farge foreninger ved å lese i Color

Synesthesia is a rare condition in which a stimulus from one modality automatically and consistently triggers unusual sensations in the same and/or other ...

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

En Kognitiv Paradigm å undersøke Forstyrrelser i Working Memory av distraksjoner og avbrudd

Goal-directed behavior is often impaired by interference from the external environment, either in the form of distraction by irrelevant information that ...

Vision Training Methods for Sports Concussion Mitigation and Management

Vision Training Metoder for Sports rystelse Begrensning og ledelse

There is emerging evidence supporting the use vision training, including light board training tools, as a concussion baseline and neuro-diagnostic tool ...

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Kombinert Shuttle-Box Trening med Elektro Cortex-opptak og stimulering som et verktøy for å studere Perception and Learning

Shuttle-box avoidance learning is a well-established method in behavioral neuroscience and experimental setups were traditionally custom-made; the ...

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

En metode for å evaluere den forsterkende egenskaper av etanol i rotter uten vann deprivation, Sakkarin Fading eller utvidet tilgang Training

Operant oral self-administration methods are commonly used to study the reinforcing properties of ethanol in animals. However, the standard methods ...

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

Pavlovian kondisjonerte Approach Opplæring i Rats

Cues that are contingently paired with unconditioned, rewarding stimuli can acquire rewarding properties themselves through a process known as the ...

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance

Et nyskapende Running Wheel-basert mekanisme for Forbedret Rat Trening Resultater

This study presents an animal mobility system, equipped with a positioning running wheel (PRW), as a way to quantify the efficacy of an exercise activity ...

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children &#8211; Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œ Working Memory CABC-WM

Vurdering av arbeidsminne hos barn: Det omfattende vurderingsbatteriet for barn - Arbeidsminne (CABC-WM)

The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children - Working Memory (CABC-WM) is a computer-based battery designed to assess different components of ...

Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice

Vi presenterer Klikkertrening som en kognitiv berikelse for Laboratory Mus

Establishing new refinement strategies in laboratory animal science is a central goal in fulfilling the requirements of Directive 2010/63/EU. Previous ...

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Redusere statssangst ved hjelp av vedlikehold av arbeidsminne

The purpose of this protocol is to explain how to examine the relationship between working memory processes and anxiety by combining the Sternberg Working ...