Name: visualization of estrogen receptors in colons of mice with tnbs-induced crohn's disease using immunofluorescence
Uploaded: 2020-03-12T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence at JoVE.com

由于洛兹大学当局的财政支助，这项工作发表得有：科学研究副校长、国家和国际合作副校长和生物和环境保护学院院长。达米安·杰塞尼克得到波兰国家科学中心的赠款（2017/24/T/NZ5/00045和2015/17/N/NZ5/00336）的支持。

动物研究是根据欧洲议会和理事会2010年9月22日第2010/63/欧盟指令以及机构建议，在地方伦理委员会（28/[B29/2016）》同意下进行的。
1. 克罗恩病的TNBS诱导的鼠型
注：本协议使用雄性BALB/C小鼠体重25-28克。动物被安置在恒定温度（22-24 °C）和相对湿度55×5%，并保持在12小时光/暗周期，免费获得标准粒状物和自来水。
<ol><li>将鼠标放入感应室并紧紧闭?...

<ol>
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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beneficial+effects+of+estrogen+treatment+in+the+HLA-B27+transgenic+rat+model+of+inflammatory+bowel+disease.">Beneficial effects of estrogen treatment in the HLA-B27 transgenic rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.</a> American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 286 (1), 118-125 (2004).</li><li>Pierdominici, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linking+estrogen+receptor+&#946;+expression+with+inflammatory+bowel+disease+activity.">Linking estrogen receptor &#946; expression with inflammatory bowel disease activity.</a> Oncotarget. 6 (38), 40443-40451 (2015).</li><li>W&#322;odarczyk, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=G+protein-coupled+receptor+30+(GPR30)+expression+pattern+in+inflammatory+bowel+disease+patients+suggests+its+key+role+in+the+inflammatory+process.+A+preliminary+study.">G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) expression pattern in inflammatory bowel disease patients suggests its key role in the inflammatory process. A preliminary study.</a> Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 26 (1), 29-35 (2017).</li><li>Mohammad, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estrogen+receptor+&#945;+contributes+to+T+cell-mediated+autoimmune+inflammation+by+promoting+T+cell+activation+and+proliferation.">Estrogen receptor &#945; contributes to T cell-mediated autoimmune inflammation by promoting T cell activation and proliferation.</a> Science Signaling. 11 (526), eaap9415 (2018).</li><li>Jacenik, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=G+protein-coupled+estrogen+receptor+mediates+anti-inflammatory+action+in+Crohn's+disease.">G protein-coupled estrogen receptor mediates anti-inflammatory action in Crohn's disease.</a> Scientific Reports. 9 (1), 6749 (2019).</li><li>Prossnitz, E. R., Barton, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+G+protein-coupled+estrogen+receptor+GPER+in+health+and+disease.">The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER in health and disease.</a> Nature Review Endocrinology. 7 (12), 715-726 (2011).</li><li>Ya&#351;ar, P., Ayaz, G., User, S. D., G&#252;p&#252;r, G., Muyan, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+of+estrogen-estrogen+receptor+signaling.">Molecular mechanisms of estrogen-estrogen receptor signaling.</a> Reproductive Medicine and Biology. 16 (1), 4-20 (2016).</li><li>Pizarro, T. T., Arseneau, K. O., Bamias, G., Cominelli, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+for+the+study+of+Crohn's+disease.">Mouse models for the study of Crohn's disease.</a> Trends in Molecular Medicine. 9 (5), 218-222 (2003).</li><li>Neurath, M. F., Fuss, I., Kelsall, B. L., St&#252;ber, E., Strober, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibodies+to+interleukin+12+abrogate+established+experimental+colitis+in+mice.">Antibodies to interleukin 12 abrogate established experimental colitis in mice.</a> Journal of Experimental Medicine. 182 (5), 1281-1290 (1995).</li><li>Ikeda, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simvastatin+attenuates+trinitrobenzene+sulfonic+acid-induced+colitis,+but+not+oxazalone-induced+colitis.">Simvastatin attenuates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, but not oxazalone-induced colitis.</a> Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 53 (7), 1869-1875 (2007).</li><li>Thavarajah, R., Mudimbaimannar, V. K., Elizabeth, J., Rao, U. K., Ranganathan, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+and+physical+basics+of+routine+formaldehyde+fixation.">Chemical and physical basics of routine formaldehyde fixation.</a> Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology. 16 (3), 400-405 (2012).</li></ol>

IBD病理生理学检查有许多动物模型，包括遗传、免疫或自发模型，以及化学诱导模型15。在几种类型动物模型中，如本协议中描述的TNBS诱导模型等化学诱导模型相对便宜且易于获得。TNBS诱导的结肠炎的鼠型具有与CD病理基础相关的几种临床症状。带诱导性结肠炎的动物的特点是粪便形成不一致，腹泻和体重减轻。然而，这并不意味着该模型可用于专门研究CD病因。TNBS诱导模型被?...

克罗恩病 （CD） 是一种炎症性肠病 （IBD），表现为慢性肠道炎症。CD的病因知之甚少，但似乎有几个主要因素导致CD发育，包括肠道微生物群，以及遗传和环境因素，如饮食或压力1。为了更好地理解克罗恩病的发病机制，使用了几种肠道炎症模型，2、3、4、5、6、7。2,3,4,5,6,7在本文中，我们介绍了从2，4，6-三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）诱导的CD的鼠模型中获得的结果。
据记载，雌激素能够调节慢性肠道炎症898，9，10，11，12。10,11,12,雌激素的生物活性由同源受体介导，其中包括核雌激素受体（ERs），即ER®（基因ESR1）和ER®（基因ESR2），以及G蛋白耦合雌激素受体，即G蛋白耦合雌激素受体，即GPER（基因GPER1），称为膜结合ER13，14。,14有几种方法可以确定雌激素受体的水平，但只有一些可用于在肠道中可视化它们。
免疫组织化学（IHC）是一种广泛用于临床和基础研究的方法，用于检测具有氟铬偶联抗体的细胞或组织中的某些抗原。IHC似乎是组织结构可视化以及特定蛋白质的识别和定位的重要方法，对于了解结肠炎的发展可能至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一个完整的和验证的方案，用于免疫荧光对肠道中雌激素受体的免疫组织化学可视化。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Animals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BALB/C mice</td>
			<td>University of Lodz</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Caliper</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>62379-531</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cardboard block</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope - TCS SP8</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fully automated rotary microtome - RM2255</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>J1800BMNT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heated Paraffin Embedding Module - EG1150 H</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histological box</td>
			<td>Marfour</td>
			<td>LN.138747</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrophobic pen</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z377821</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory balance</td>
			<td>Radwag</td>
			<td>WL-104-0048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LAS X software</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metal mold</td>
			<td>Marfour</td>
			<td>CP.5105</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile scissor</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile tweezer</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue processor - TP1020</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>92822</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3294</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DiOC6 (3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>318426</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DyLight 650 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab96886</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ER&#945; primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab75635</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ER&#946; primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab3576</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>396480111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>432173111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GPER primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab39742</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>575283421</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxidase</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>885193111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane (forane)</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>1001936040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16210064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>39602012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petrie dish</td>
			<td>Nest Scientific</td>
			<td>705001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffer saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3813</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Physiological saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7982</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primocin (antibiotic)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>ant-pm-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Diamond Antifage Mountant with DAPI (glycerol-based liquid with DAPI)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P36971</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Chempur</td>
			<td>WE/231-598-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>795780429</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>853470115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>BA0860119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visualization of estrogen receptors in colons of mice with tnbs-induced crohn's disease using immunofluorescence

克罗恩病是诊断最多的炎症性肠病。肠道中发育的慢性炎症导致蠕动紊乱和肠道粘膜损伤，似乎与结肠肿瘤转化风险增加有关。累积证据表明，雌激素和雌激素受体不仅影响对激素敏感的组织，还影响与雌激素没有直接关系的其他组织，如肺或结肠。在这里，我们描述了从TNBS诱发的克罗恩病的鼠模型中获得结肠雌激素受体成功免疫荧光染色的规程。提供了小鼠和肠道制剂中克罗恩病诱导的详细方案，以及使用正式固定石蜡内嵌肠部分的逐步免疫组织化学程序。所述方法不仅可用于体内雌激素受体检测和雌激素信号研究，还可用于可能参与结肠炎发展的其他蛋白质。

TNBS诱发克罗恩病小鼠结肠的宏观特征 图2显示了从对照和TNBS处理小鼠身上拍摄的结肠的代表性图像。在具有TNBS诱导的克罗恩病模型的小鼠中，结肠的长度减少，而结肠的宽度增加。
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/60813/60813fig2a.jpg"> 图2：从对照小鼠（对照）和TNBS治疗?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence at JoVE.com

Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence

该协议提出了完整的经验证的克罗恩病TNBS诱导的鼠模型，以及利用嵌入在石蜡中的正式固定结肠部分的免疫荧光，通过免疫组织化学对雌激素受体进行可视化的方法。

使用免疫荧光对患有TNBS诱导克罗恩病的小鼠结肠雌激素受体的可视化

Crohn&#39;s disease is the most diagnosed type of inflammatory bowel disease. Chronic inflammation developing in the intestine leads to peristalsis ...

越来越多的证据表明雌激素信号对生理学的结肠部分的影响，免疫理论化学是一种有希望的技术，用于识别结肠中的雌激素受体，并演变为结肠炎。我们提出了一个完整的和经过验证的协议，用于使用免疫荧光对结肠中雌激素受体进行免疫石质化学可视化。我们将与洛兹大学显微成像实验室的Sylwia Michlewska博士一起演示该程序。将结肠放在培养皿中。将结肠切成一到两厘米的碎片。将每个碎片放在海绵上，放在标记适当的组织学盒中。将含有结肠片段的盒式磁带放在4%的甲醛中。在4摄氏度下孵育至少24小时。准备和编程组织处理器一小时的孵育在50%70%95%和100%乙醇，二甲苯100%乙醇，和二甲苯只，以及至少三个小时的孵化在液体石蜡。将结肠片段转移到组织框。将盒子放在预编程的组织处理器中并运行处理器。在组织处理器中孵育后，从组织盒中取出结肠，将结肠片段放在金属模具中，使结肠的两端处于直立位置。用液体石蜡填充模具的三分之一。将模具在零下 5 摄氏度的冷却区域放置几秒钟，然后将模具移动到 70 摄氏度的加热区域。然后将模具放在组织学盒的底部，用液体石蜡覆盖整个结肠片段。将含有结肠碎片和石蜡的金属模具放在冷却区域几分钟。然后从结肠和石蜡块中取出金属模具。在4摄氏度下孵育结肠和石蜡块至少24小时。孵育后，从块中去除多余的石蜡。将结肠和石蜡块插入全自动旋转显微原子中。将结肠碎片切成五微米。将一个结肠部分转移到水浴，预热至40摄氏度。使用贴有标签的玻璃滑梯从水浴中去除结肠部分，并在室温下孵育玻璃滑梯 24 小时。首先，将玻璃滑梯在二甲苯中孵育五分钟，去除石蜡。重复此步骤三次。然后将玻璃滑梯放入二甲苯和 100%乙醇的一对一混合物中，进行五分钟。重复此步骤三次。使用一系列降低的乙醇浓度来补充结肠部分的水分。将幻灯片浸入乙醇中五分钟。在每个浓度下重复三次，然后继续下一个浓度。在自来水下冲洗玻璃滑梯五分钟。将抗原检索缓冲液重新加热至 95 至 98 摄氏度。然后在沸腾的抗原检索溶液中加热玻璃滑梯10分钟。为防止试剂浪费，请使用疏水笔在结肠截面周围画一个圆圈。然后，在过氧化氢和水的3%溶液中孵育滑梯10分钟。在洗涤液中清洗幻灯片五分钟。然后在室温下孵育阻断溶液中的幻灯片一小时。去除阻断溶液，添加20至50微升原抗体对E-R alpha、E-Rβ或G-P-E-R稀释。在黑暗中4摄氏度下孵育原抗体过夜。取出抗体溶液。在洗涤液中清洗幻灯片三次，每次五分钟。接下来，加入稀释的二级抗体。在黑暗中，用与染料结合的二次抗体孵育幻灯片一小时。从幻灯片上去除二次抗体溶液。在洗涤液中清洗幻灯片三次，每次五分钟。加入稀释的氟色素，用于膜可视化，在黑暗中室温下孵育10分钟。拆下溶液，每次在洗涤溶液中清洗幻灯片三次，每次洗涤五分钟。直接在结肠部分添加几滴甘油液体DAPI，用于细胞核可视化的氟色素。用盖板幻灯片小心地盖住它。在4摄氏度下孵育结肠部分至少24小时。在具有 20 倍或 63 倍目标且油浸的共体显微镜下分析结肠部分。利用MCF-7细胞验证了研究中使用的抗体的特异性。雌激素受体抗体能够检测核雌激素受体E-Rα和E-Rβ以及膜结合雌激素受体G-P-E-R。还进行了阴性控制，其中MCF-7细胞只与氟铬和甘油液体与DAPI结合的二级抗体进行染色。在从对照小鼠和患有TNBS诱发克罗恩病的小鼠获得的结肠部分发现了E-R alpha的强烈细胞质信号。然而，只有从对照小鼠获得的结肠在杯状细胞细胞质中具有E-Rα局部化。共生显微镜还显示，在控制小鼠和TNBS治疗小鼠的结肠部分，E-Rβ的细胞质定位。同样，从对照小鼠和TNBS治疗小鼠获得的结肠部分记录了G-P-E-R的细胞质定位。在模具中正确定位结肠对于生成正确的横截面至关重要。荧光色素应该由它自己的激发和发射光谱选择。此方法也可以应用于可能参与结肠炎发展的其他蛋白质。免疫荧光的免疫化学检测可以扩展至在蛋白质-蛋白质方向状态下染色其他蛋白质。

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Automated Acoustic Dispensing for the Serial Dilution of Peptide Agonists in Potency Determination Assays

自动声胶肽受体激动剂的效价测定测定的连续稀释

As with small molecule drug discovery, screening for peptide agonists requires the serial dilution of peptides to produce concentration-response curves. ...

科研

生物化学

Detection and Visualization of DNA Damage-induced Protein Complexes in Suspension Cell Cultures Using the Proximity Ligation Assay

检测和可视化DNA损伤诱导的蛋白质复合物悬浮细胞培养使用邻近连接测定

The DNA damage response orchestrates the repair of DNA lesions that occur spontaneously, are caused by genotoxic stress, or appear in the context of ...

Simple Elimination of Background Fluorescence in Formalin-Fixed Human Brain Tissue for Immunofluorescence Microscopy

荧光显微镜下福尔马林固定人脑组织背景荧光的简单消除

Immunofluorescence is a common method used to visualize subcellular compartments and to determine the localization of specific proteins within a tissue ...

Characterization of Glycoproteins with the Immunoglobulin Fold by X-Ray Crystallography and Biophysical Techniques

用 X 射线晶体学和生物物理技术表征免疫球蛋白折叠的糖蛋白

Glycoproteins on the surface of cells play critical roles in cellular function, including signalling, adhesion and transport. On leukocytes, several of ...

Identification of Orexin and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Adult Zebrafish Using Immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence Methods

使用免疫过氧化物酶和免疫荧光方法鉴定成年斑马鱼中的奥列辛和内他大麻素受体

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a highly sensitive and specific technique involved in the detection of target antigens in tissue sections with labeled ...

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

用于筛查绝经后心血管功能障碍的外源雌激素治疗的活体雌激素缺乏小鼠模型

Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than premenopausal women. Female mice ovariectomized (OVX) at weaning ...

Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils

淀粉样蛋白纤维蛋白的相互作用和脑线粒体的膜渗透

A growing body of evidence indicates that membrane permeabilization, including internal membranes such as mitochondria, is a common feature and primary ...

Screening for Phytoestrogens using a Cell-based Estrogen Receptor  &#946; Reporter Assay

Screening for Phytoestrogens using a Cell-based Estrogen Receptor  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â² Reporter Assay

使用基于细胞的雌激素受体对植物雌激素进行筛查β记者分析

Plants are a source of food for many animals, and&#160;they can produce thousands of chemicals. Some of these compounds affect physiological processes in ...

Transplantation of Neonatal Mouse Cardiac Macrophages into Adult Mice

将新生儿小鼠心脏巨噬细胞移植到成年小鼠体内

In an injured neonatal myocardium, macrophages facilitate cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis and promote heart regeneration. The present study ...