Name: application of a coupling agent to improve the dielectric properties of polymer-based nanocomposites
Uploaded: 2020-09-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites at JoVE.com

这项工作由太原科技大学科研初始资助（20182028）、山西省博士创业基金会（20192006）、山西省自然科学基金（201703D1111003）、山西省科技重大项目（MC2016-01）和中国国家自然科学基金支持U610256项目支持。

1. BT 填料的表面修改
<ol><li>准备 20 mL 的 KH550 溶液（95 wt% 乙醇水溶剂中的 1 wt% KH550）和超声波酸酯 15 分钟。</li>
	<li>分别称重 BT 纳米颗粒（即填料）和 KH550，使填料可以涂上 1、2、3、4、5wt% 的耦合剂。通过 30 分钟超声波化，在 1.057、2.114、3.171、4.228 和 5.285 mL 的 KH550 溶液中处理 1 gBT 纳米颗粒。</li>
	<li>在80°C下从混合物中蒸发水乙醇溶剂5小时，然后在120°C下在真空烤箱中蒸发12小时。</li>
	<li>?...

<ol>
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如上文所述，本所开发的方法可以成功地提高陶瓷聚合物纳米复合物的储能性能。为了优化该方法的效果，控制陶瓷表面改性中使用的耦合剂量至关重要。对于直径为±200nm的陶瓷纳米粒子，经实验确定，2 wt%的KH550可产生最大能量密度。对于其他复合材料系统，当采用直径接近 ±200 nm 的填料时，可以大致使用此结论。如果使用直径大于 200 nm 的填料，则应通过类似的一系列实验再次确定临界量。</...

电介质在电能存储装置中主要采用两个重要参数：电介质常数（+r）和分解强度（Ebb）1、2、3。1,2,3一般来说，有机材料，如聚丙烯 （PP） 表现出高 Eb （±102 MV/m） 和低 μr （主要是 <5）4，5，6，而无机材料， 特别是铁电，如BaTiO3，表现出高\r（10 3-104）和低E b（+10 0 MV/m）6，7，8。6,7,8,在某些应用中，灵活性和承受高机械冲击的能力对于制造介电电容器4也很重要。因此，开发制备聚合物基介电复合材料的方法非常重要，特别是对于开发低成本方法，以制造高性能0-3纳米复合材料，具有高\r和E b9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18。9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18为此，基于铁电聚合物基质（如极量聚合物PVDF及其相关共聚合物）的制备方法由于其较高的+r （+10）4、19、20，4,19,被广泛接受。在这些纳米合成物中，高e r的粒子，特别是铁电陶瓷，已被广泛用作填料6，20，21，22，23，24，25。20,21,22,23,24,256
在开发制造陶瓷聚合物复合材料的方法时，人们普遍担心介电特性会受到填料26的分布显著影响。介电复合材料的均匀性不仅取决于制备方法，还取决于基质和填料之间的可湿性。许多研究已经证明，陶瓷聚合物复合材料的不均匀性可以通过物理过程，如自旋涂层28，29,和热压19，26，,可以消除。29但是，这两个过程都不会改变填料和矩阵之间的表面连接;因此，这些方法所准备的复合材料在改进\r和Eb19，27方面仍然有限。此外，从制造的角度来看，不方便的工艺是许多应用不可取的，因为它们会导致更复杂的制造过程28，29。28,在这方面，需要一种简单和有效的方法。
目前，提高陶瓷聚合物纳米合成物相容性最有效的方法是基于陶瓷纳米粒子的处理，它修改了填料和表层30、31之间的表面化学。最近的研究表明，耦合剂可以很容易地涂在陶瓷纳米颗粒上，并有效地修改填料和矩阵之间的可处理性，而不影响铸造工艺32，33，34，35，36。32,33,34,35,36在表面改性方面，人们普遍认为，对于每个复合材料系统，都有合适的耦合剂，相当于能量储存密度的最大增加37;复合材料中过量耦合,剂可能导致产品36、37、38,37的性能下降。对于采用纳米尺寸陶瓷填料的介电复合材料，推测耦合剂的有效性主要取决于填料的表面面积。然而，每个纳米大小的系统使用的关键量尚未确定。简言之，还需要进一步研究使用耦合剂开发制造陶瓷聚合物纳米复合体的简单工艺。
在这项工作中，BaTiO3 （BT）是研究最广泛的高介电常数的铁电材料，用作填料，P（VDF-CTFE） 91/9 mol% 共聚合物 （VC91） 用作制备陶瓷聚合物复合材料的聚合物基质。为了改变BT纳米填埋器的表面，购买了市售的3-氨基三乙基硅烷（KH550），并用作耦合剂。通过一系列实验确定了纳米合成系统临界量。一种简单、低成本、广泛应用的方法，提高了纳米级复合材料系统的能量密度。

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	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">440140</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Liquid, Assay: 99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">95 wt.% ethanol-water</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">459836</td>
			<td>Liquid, Assay: 99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:259px;">BaTiO3 nanoparticles</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">US Research Nanomaterials</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">US3830</td>
			<td>In a diameter of about 200 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">Ferroelectric tester</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Radiant</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Precision-LC100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">Glass substrates</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Citoglas</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">16397</td>
			<td>75 x 25 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">Gold coater</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pelco</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">SC-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">High voltage supplier</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Trek</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">610D</td>
			<td>10 kV</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">Impedance analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Keysight</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">4294A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">N, N dimethylformamide</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">GEN002007</td>
			<td>Liquid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">P(VDF-CTFE) 91/9 mol.% copolymer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;"></td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:259px;">Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">JEOL</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">JSM-7000F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:259px;">Vacuum oven</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Heefei Kejing Materials Technology Co, Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">DZF-6020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of a coupling agent to improve the dielectric properties of polymer-based nanocomposites

在这项工作中，通过通过溶液铸造将3-氨基丙基三氧硅烷（KH550）作为耦合剂，开发出一种简单、低成本、广泛应用的方法，以提高陶瓷填料与聚合物基质的相容性。3结果表明，使用KH550可以修改陶瓷纳米填埋器的表面;因此，在陶瓷聚合物界面上取得了良好的的可加工性，并通过适当数量的耦合剂获得了增强的储能性能。该方法可用于准备柔性复合材料，这是生产高性能薄膜电容器非常理想的方法。如果过程中使用过量的耦合剂，则非附加耦合剂可参与复杂反应，导致介电常数降低，介电损耗增加。

与填料内容不同的自立纳米复合材料薄膜按协议描述成功制造，并标记为 xBT-VC91，其中 x 是复合材料中 BT 的体积百分比。SEM研究了KH550（耦合剂）对BT-VC91薄膜形态和微观结构的影响，如图 1所示。图 1a 和图1b显示了30BT-VC91纳米相微的SEM图像，具有1和5wt% 耦合剂。BT-VC91 纳米相合成物的填料分布为 1 wt% KH550，其密度比 BT-VC91 纳米相?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites at JoVE.com

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

在这里，我们演示了一种简单、低成本的解决方案铸造工艺，利用表面改性BaTiO3 填料，提高聚合物纳米复合材料的填料和基质的兼容性，从而有效提高复合材料的能量密度。

耦合剂在提高聚合物纳米复合物介电性能方面的应用

In this work, an easy, low-cost, and widely applicable method was developed to improve the compatibility between the ceramic fillers and the polymer ...

实践证明，利用商用耦合剂可以改变陶瓷纳米填埋器的表面，从而在陶瓷聚合物界面上取得了良好的的可加工性，并采用适当数量的耦合剂获得增强的储能性能。本工作所开发的方法可用于柔性复合材料的制备，这是生产高性能薄膜电容器的极易选择。用 95 重量%乙醇水溶剂 15 分钟超声处理，准备 KH550 溶液。在KH550溶液中用30分钟的超音速处理BT纳米粒子。在此工艺中，测量 KH550 和 BT 纳米颗粒填料的重量，在 KH550 稀释溶液中涂有 1、2、3、4 和 5 个重量百分比的耦合剂，体积为 5 毫升。将水乙醇溶剂从80摄氏度的基质中蒸发5小时，然后在真空烤箱中蒸发至120摄氏度12小时。在准备BTVC-91纳米合成物时，使用干纳米粒子作为表面改性填料。其一，基于D分的聚合物溶液是在室温下溶解0.3克聚合物粉末，在室温下通过磁搅拌8小时。二、将钛酸盐纳米颗粒加入溶液中，然后搅拌12小时形成均匀悬浮液，并超声波化30分钟。在制备过程中，使用了未加模的钛酸铵和涂有耦合剂的钛酸铵。之后，悬浮液被投射到预热类基板上以制作薄膜。将悬浮液的三毫升掉落在每个玻璃基板上。五、带悬浮液的玻璃基板在70度下在烤箱中保存8小时，以蒸发溶剂。最后，从玻璃基板中释放出六片，在160摄氏度的空气中将自立薄膜退火12小时。根据协议，成功制造了自立的纳米合成薄膜。SEM证实，用适当数量的耦合剂处理的陶瓷纳米粒子，在铸造过程中可以均匀地分布在纳米复合物中;而过量的耦合剂可能导致陶瓷纳米粒子之间的相互作用，导致填料的聚集。对于填充量低的纳米复合材料，复合材料的介电常数基本不变，使用少量耦合剂，随着未来耦合剂数量的增加，微减。对于含填料含量高的纳米复合材料，复合材料的介电常数随着少量耦合剂的减合而减小，并随着未来耦合剂数量的增加而急剧减小。在介电损耗方面，带耦合剂的纳米微子比没有耦合剂的纳米微子具有更高的介电损耗。使用两个重量百分比的耦合剂时，获得了最大的分解强度。从具有较高耦合剂的纳米相微中发现分解强度较低。由于分解强度增强，电荷放电效率相对较高，提高了具有少量耦合剂的纳米相合成物的最大能量密度。在这项工作中，最广泛研究的铁电材料，高介电常量被用作填料。PVDF-CTFE共聚合物用作制备陶瓷聚合物复合材料的聚合物基质。为了改变钛酸盐纳米填充剂的表面，购买了市售的KH550作为耦合剂。纳米合成系统的关键量是由一系列实验决定的。提出了一种简单、低成本、广泛应用的方法，提高了纳米级复合材料系统的能量密度。

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Unit 1

Capacitance

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

利用微波和电介质固体的宏观样本，研究无序光子带隙材料的光子特性

Recently, disordered photonic materials have been suggested as an alternative to periodic crystals for the formation of a complete photonic bandgap (PBG). ...

科研

工程学

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and ...

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices

在透射电子显微镜原位时间相关的介质击穿：一种可能性，了解微电子器件的失效机理

The time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in on-chip interconnect stacks is one of the most critical failure mechanisms for microelectronic devices. ...

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

有机硅为基础的介电弹性体致动器的制作工艺

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

电活性聚合物纳米粒子参展光热特性

A method for the synthesis of electroactive polymers is demonstrated, starting with the synthesis of extended conjugation monomers using a three-step ...

Measuring Spray Droplet Size from Agricultural Nozzles Using Laser Diffraction

从农业喷嘴采用激光衍射测量喷雾的雾滴尺寸

When making an application of any crop protection material such as an herbicide or pesticide, the applicator uses a variety of skills and information to ...

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

介电微粒的光阱装载在空气中

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly ...

New Application of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet as a Neuro-protective Agent Against Glucose Deprivation-induced Injury of SH-SY5Y Cells

常压等离子体射流作为神经保护剂抗葡萄糖剥夺诱导 SH-SY5Y 细胞损伤的新应用

The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has attracted the attention of many researchers from multiple disciplines in recent years because its emissions ...

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

光发射器与表面等离子体极化激元的激发和耦合速率的测定

We have developed a unique method to measure the excitation and coupling rates between the light emitters and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising ...