Name: sucrose preference and novelty-induced hypophagia tests in rats using an automated food intake monitoring system
Uploaded: 2020-05-08T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了德国研究基金会（STE 1765/3-2）和查里特大学资助（UFF 89/441-176，A.S.）的资助。

动物护理和实验程序遵循具体的机构伦理准则，并经国家动物研究主管部门批准。
1. 自动监测系统的运作
注意：在操作自动监控系统时，在操作之前，在软件中包含的注释框中记录每个操作都至关重要。描述应键入注释框，通过按" 保存"，该说明将保存在特定时间点中。分析数据时，时间点很重要，因为系统会连续记录，并且必须指示感兴趣...

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蔗糖偏好和新奇诱发的吞咽性测试是评估大鼠性脑炎的两种既定技术。它们与自动食物摄入量监测系统相结合，可以对不受干扰的大鼠进行更详细的分析，并减少错误测量。
错误发生率通过不同的方法减少。首先，为了解决由于溢出而导致的错误，食品料斗和门之间的间隙允许啃食过程中产生的面包屑落到集成托盘上。通过将这种溢出物收集到笼式支架上，它们包含在测量?...

平均而言，4.4%的世界人口受到抑郁症的影响。全世界人口3.22亿，比十年前增加了18%。据世界卫生组织估计，抑郁症在2020年《残疾调整寿命年数》中排名第二。为了解决情感障碍的日益流行，建立新的干预策略，有必要进一步研究这种行为。在进行人类检查之前和之前，动物研究是必要的。
已经建立了几个模型来研究抑郁症行为的组成部分（即强迫游泳测试，尾部悬浮测试，蔗糖偏好测试，和新奇诱导的吞咽）3，4。,4蔗糖偏好测试（SPT）和新奇诱发的吞咽性（NIH）可以检测动物的抑郁症样行为。这些测试本身不会诱发啮齿动物的抑郁状态，而是描绘了行为的尖锐变化。SPT和NIH评估抑郁症的一个特征，即对以下项目失去兴趣：奖励活动，个人曾经享受的活动5，以及处理和响应奖励6的复杂现象的一个方面。这两项测试都研究以可口食物的形式对有益刺激的反应。消费范围用作 Anhedonia 7、8、97,的代理参数。
研究性失血症的测试的价值在很大程度上取决于通过精确测量该物质的重量而得出的准确消耗。通常，此测量在测试之前和测试后手动进行一次。但是，由于多种原因，这容易产生错误的测量结果。首先，啮齿动物倾向于囤积食物，这意味着他们删除食物而不立即食用，然后将其隐藏在安全的地方。因此，这种食物损失可以包括在总消费量的计算中。其次，大鼠将食物和水溢出，导致体重减轻，无需各自食用。第三，由于将瓶子从笼子中插入并取出，液体被意外丢失。
为了减少这些误差源，我们结合了两种常见的测试，评估了安哈多尼亚（SPT3、4,4和NIH9），并使用自动食物和液体摄入量监测系统测量食物和水的摄入量。该程序允许准确调查可口物质的消耗，并提供有关大鼠快乐体验的信息，这是抑郁症样行为的一个特征。使用不同的方法减少了与手动测量相关的上述错误，稍后将更详细地说明这些误差。
为了提供有关微观结构的信息，本协议10 中使用的自动进气监测系统对食物（±0.01克）进行称重。因此，一个稳定的体重被记录为"不吃"，一个不稳定的体重被记录为"吃"。"bout"定义为事件之前和之后稳定重量的变化。一餐由一种或多轮组成，其在大鼠中的最低大小定义为0.01克。一餐与大鼠的另一餐分开15分钟（标准化值）。因此，当食物摄入量在15分钟内发生，体重变化等于或大于0.01g时，食物摄入量被认为是一顿饭。在该协议中评估的膳食参数包括膳食持续时间、用餐时间、回合大小、回合持续时间、回合中花费的时间、第一回合的延迟和回合数。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Assembly LH Cage Mount - RAT-FOOD - includes Stainless cage mount, hopper, blocker, coupling</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BCMPRF01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Assembly LH Cage Mount unplugged - RAT - FOOD includes stainless steel cage mount, hopper, blocker, unplugged adapter, coupling</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BCMUPRF01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cage w/ 2 openings - RAT - costum modified cage - includes cage top and standard water bottle</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BCR02</td>
			<td>single housing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data collection Laptop Windows - Configured w/ BioDAQ Software</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BLT003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>enrichment (plastic tubes, gnawing wood)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>distributed by the animal facility</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HoneyMaid Graham Cracker Crumbs</td>
			<td>Nabisco, East Hanover, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>ASIN: B01COWTA98</td>
			<td>palatable snack for NIH test</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>low vibration polymer rack</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BRACKR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>male Sprague Dawley rats</td>
			<td>Envigo</td>
			<td>Order Code: 002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model #2210 32x Port BioDAQ Central Controller - includes cables, and calibration kit</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BCC32_03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peripheral sensor Controller - includes cable</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BPSC01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SigmaStat 3.1</td>
			<td>Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>statistical analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel blocker</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>BBLKR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>standard rodent diet with 10 kcal% fat</td>
			<td>Research Diets, Inc., Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>D12450B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sucrose powder</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>4621.1</td>
			<td>for SPT</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

sucrose preference and novelty-induced hypophagia tests in rats using an automated food intake monitoring system

全世界抑郁症的流行和发病率正在上升，影响到大约3.22亿人，这突出表明动物模型需要进行行为研究。在该协议中，为了研究大鼠的抑郁症状和过敏性行为，已建立的蔗糖偏好和新奇诱导的吞咽性测试与自动食物和液体摄入量监测系统相结合。在测试之前，在蔗糖偏好范式中，雄性大鼠接受至少2天的训练，除了自来水外，还食用蔗糖溶液。在测试过程中，大鼠再次暴露在水和蔗糖溶液中。消耗量由自动化系统每秒钟登记一次。蔗糖与总水摄入量的比率（蔗糖优先比）是安哈多尼亚的代用参数。在新奇引起的吞咽性测试中，雄性大鼠经过一个训练期，在训练期间，它们会接触到可口的零食。在训练期间，啮齿动物表现出稳定的基线零食摄入量。在测试日，动物们从家里的笼子里被转移到一个新鲜的空笼子里，代表一个新的未知环境，可以吃到已知的可口小吃。自动化系统记录了总摄入量及其底层的微观结构（例如，接近零食的延迟），从而深入了解焦虑和焦虑行为。这些范式与自动测量系统相结合，通过减少测量误差，提供更详细的信息，以及更高的精度。然而，测试使用代理参数，并且仅间接地描述抑郁症和焦虑症。

为了测试数据分布，使用了科尔莫戈罗夫-斯米尔诺夫测试。当数据被等向分布，使用曼-惠特尼-U测试时，使用T-测试，如果不是的话。将双向ANOVA和Tukey后期测试用于正向分布的多个组比较。在非正态分布的情况下，使用双向 ANOVA 和 Dunn 的多重比较测试。当 p < 0.05 时，组之间的差异被认为是显著的。
在这项研究中，SPT对天真的老鼠进行了检查。在培训期间，蔗糖溶液?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System at JoVE.com

Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System

这里介绍的是研究大鼠抑郁症和焦虑行为的规程。它结合了两种成熟的行为方法，蔗糖偏好和新奇诱导的吞咽不足测试，与自动食品和液体摄入量监测系统，间接研究啮齿动物的行为使用代理参数。

使用自动食物摄入量监测系统对大鼠的蔗糖偏好和新奇诱导性低吞咽测试

The prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders are rising worldwide, affecting about 322 million individuals, underlining the need for behavioral ...

蔗糖偏好和新奇诱导的吞咽测试是评估脑炎的既定技术。它们与自动进气监测系统相结合，可实现高精度的详细分析。该协议通过将溢出物集成到防止硬性分析中并减少意外的流体损失，可减少错误发生率。此外，该协议使得可以评估进气微结构。这项技术旨在满足有效测试的需要，检测啮齿动物中的性鼠疫。考虑到抑郁症的患病率上升。它也可以用来研究药物的抗抑郁作用。使用自动进气监测系统时，必须记住，需要每天正确维护和清洁该系统，以便提供准确的数据。要进行培训，请关闭所有闸门，将食品容器和水瓶从微平衡中拆下。将预称量的食物放在笼子的顶部，并记录其体重每日。将一个干净的水瓶装满大约100毫升的水，然后放回漏斗上。将第二瓶装满100毫升新鲜制作的1%蔗糖溶液，并放在料斗上。确保标记瓶子，并记录它们的位置。记录监控系统中培训的开始，并打开所有大门。使大门打开 24 小时，导致两个瓶子的 libido 最大值。然后记录训练结束并关闭大门。每天准备新鲜的蔗糖溶液，并确保每24小时清洁和重新灌装一次瓶子。切换瓶子的位置，避免习惯。进行至少 48 小时的培训。只有继续测试，当蔗糖的偏好比达到大约1。在测试前24小时，用蔗糖溶液取出瓶子，使大鼠只能获得标准周和水。在测试之前，准备一个装满自来水的新鲜瓶子和另一个装满1%蔗糖的瓶子。关闭所有大门。从料斗上取出食品容器，用准备好的瓶装水和蔗糖代替。然后在监控系统中记录测试的开始，并打开所有大门。让大门打开60分钟。然后记录测试结束并关闭它们。要为训练期间做好准备，请关闭所有大门，然后使用标准周移除料斗。将新鲜料料，小心插入饼干，防止碎裂。然后将料斗放在微平衡顶部的笼子上。记录监控系统培训的开始，打开大门30分钟，使大鼠的零食和水达到最大值。30 分钟后，记录训练结束并关闭大门。然后用标准菜代替零食。每天重复训练，直到达到可口小吃摄入量的稳定基线，并且训练日之间没有统计学上有差异。准备进行测试时，准备一个空的新鲜清洁的笼子，无需床上用品或浓缩，并将其连接到自动食物摄入量监测系统。在笼子支架上放置一个带一瓶自来水的漏斗和一个带可口小吃的料斗。把老鼠从家里的笼子里取出，放在新奇的笼子里。打开大门30分钟。确保记录测试的开始和结束。完成后，把老鼠放回家里的笼子里。对8只大鼠进行的蔗糖偏好测试显示，在测试期间，蔗糖的消费量增加，取水量减少。蔗糖偏好比从第一天的平均值0.8增加到第二天的0.99。使用监测系统自动评估蔗糖摄入量微观结构。自动测量膳食大小、膳食持续时间、膳食数和其他九个参数。为了证明使用自动进气监测系统的优点，使用传统的人工评估将自动测量与获得的测量进行比较。所有测量值在组之间都不同。可能是由于手动评估时测量值过高或溢出错误。在新奇诱导的吞咽测试的训练期间，可口小吃的总摄入量稳步增加，表明前两到三天的适应情况。同样，膳食量往往在训练日之间增加，而膳食时间则不长。在测试当天，天真的老鼠暴露在零食和新颖的环境中，显示出可口的零食摄入量约为一克。食物摄入微观结构的其他参数，如膳食持续时间、用餐时间以及第一回合的延迟，也会自动评估。执行此协议时，在监视软件的一个公共部分中记录所有过程，以节省开始和每个会话结束的时间。始终记录将哪个物质放在哪个平衡上。由于此方法与压力不相关，因此可以在测试之间的适当时间训练后重复任务。建立这种技术后，它被用来探索不同神经肽和不受干扰的动物的腺激素特征，扩大对它们的功能的知识。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

采用实时定量PCR检测供体细胞植入一个具有竞争力的小鼠骨髓移植模型

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

科研

医学

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

气管插管小鼠<em&gt;通过</em&gt;直接喉镜使用耳镜

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are ...

Automated Measurement of Microcirculatory Blood Flow Velocity in Pulmonary Metastases of Rats

微循环血流速度在大鼠肺转移自动测量

Because the lung is a major target organ of metastatic disease, animal models to study the physiology of pulmonary metastases are of great importance. ...

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

低流量数字麻醉系统的小鼠和大鼠的用途

A traditional vaporizer depends on flowing gas and atmospheric pressure for passive anesthetic vaporization. Newly developed direct injection vaporizers ...

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

使用多氟化胆汁酸和<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;磁共振成像来衡量胆汁酸运输

Along with their traditional role as detergents that facilitate fat absorption, emerging literature indicates that bile acids are potent signaling ...

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

小鼠颞叶癫痫的 Radiotelemetry 模型及脑电图监测

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status ...

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Streamlined, Fully Automated Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System

放射规划助理-一个流线型的全自动放疗治疗计划系统

The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) is a system developed for the fully automated creation of radiotherapy treatment plans, including volume-modulated ...

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

"食品板块": 一种新的基于交互式 Web 的膳食摄入量评估方法

Different methods can be used in research to assess dietary intake, many of which are still paper-based. Written estimated food diaries are often utilized ...

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

使用自动赫希伯格测试应用程序评估眼部对齐

A smartphone app has been developed to perform the automated photographic Hirschberg test for objective measurement of ocular misalignment. By computing ...

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System

诱导大鼠心肌梗死的半微创方法及独立工作心脏系统对心脏功能的评估

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily ...