Name: impedance-based real-time measurement of cancer cell migration and invasion
Uploaded: 2020-04-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Impedance-based Real-time Measurement of Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion at JoVE.com

我们感谢 Olivia Funk 在实时细胞分析系统数据方面提供的技术帮助。我们还感谢堪萨斯城儿童慈善中心编辑这份手稿。这项工作得到了汤姆·基维尼为儿科癌症研究（至TP）和儿童慈悲医院中西部癌症联盟合作伙伴顾问委员会（至TP）提供资金的支持。

注：所有细胞培养材料都需要无菌，整个实验必须在无菌条件下在生物安全柜中进行。
1. U-118MG 胶质细胞系的培养和电穿孔
<ol><li>将U-118MG细胞系培养在含有Dulbecco改性鹰中（DMEM）（培养介质）的5%胎儿牛血清（FBS）中，并在含有5%CO2培养箱（培养条件）的潮湿环境中保持在37°C。</li>
	<li>使用 70~ 80% 的汇合健康细胞进行电穿孔。</li>
	<li>对于收获细胞，用1...

<ol>
	<li>Park, T., Koptyra, M., Curran, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+Growth+Requires+CT10+Regulator+of+Kinase+(Crk)+and+Crk-like+(CrkL).">Fibroblast Growth Requires CT10 Regulator of Kinase (Crk) and Crk-like (CrkL).</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (51), 26273-26290 (2016).</li><li>Hanahan, D., Weinberg, R. 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A., Ahmad, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Review+of+Cell+Adhesion+Studies+for+Biomedical+and+Biological+Applications.">A Review of Cell Adhesion Studies for Biomedical and Biological Applications.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 16 (8), 18149-18184 (2015).</li><li>Katt, M. E., Placone, A. L., Wong, A. D., Xu, Z. S., Searson, P. 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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+xCELLigence+system+for+real-time+analysis+of+changes+in+cellular+motility+and+adhesion+in+physiological+conditions.">Use of the xCELLigence system for real-time analysis of changes in cellular motility and adhesion in physiological conditions.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1046, 295-306 (2013).</li><li>Kumar, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crk+Tyrosine+Phosphorylation+Regulates+PDGF-BB-inducible+Src+Activation+and+Breast+Tumorigenicity+and+Metastasis.">Crk Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulates PDGF-BB-inducible Src Activation and Breast Tumorigenicity and Metastasis.</a> Molecular Cancer Research. 16 (1), 173-183 (2018).</li><li>Giaever, I., Keese, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+fibroblast+behavior+in+tissue+culture+with+an+applied+electric+field.">Monitoring fibroblast behavior in tissue culture with an applied electric field.</a> Proceeding of the National Academy of Science U. S. A. 81 (12), 3761-3764 (1984).</li><li>Tiruppathi, C., Malik, A. B., Del Vecchio, P. J., Keese, C. R., Giaever, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+method+for+detection+of+endothelial+cell+shape+change+in+real+time:+assessment+of+endothelial+barrier+function.">Electrical method for detection of endothelial cell shape change in real time: assessment of endothelial barrier function.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci U.S.A. 89 (17), 7919-7923 (1992).</li><li>Collins, T. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crk+proteins+transduce+FGF+signaling+to+promote+lens+fiber+cell+elongation.">Crk proteins transduce FGF signaling to promote lens fiber cell elongation.</a> Elife. 7, (2018).</li><li>Fathers, K. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crk+adaptor+proteins+act+as+key+signaling+integrators+for+breast+tumorigenesis.">Crk adaptor proteins act as key signaling integrators for breast tumorigenesis.</a> Breast Cancer Research. 14 (3), 74 (2012).</li><li>Koptyra, M., Park, T. J., Curran, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crk+and+CrkL+are+required+for+cell+transformation+by+v-fos+and+v-ras.">Crk and CrkL are required for cell transformation by v-fos and v-ras.</a> Molecular Carcinogenesis. 55 (1), 97-104 (2016).</li><li>Lamorte, L., Royal, I., Naujokas, M., Park, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crk+adapter+proteins+promote+an+epithelial-mesenchymal-like+transition+and+are+required+for+HGF-mediated+cell+spreading+and+breakdown+of+epithelial+adherens+junctions.">Crk adapter proteins promote an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition and are required for HGF-mediated cell spreading and breakdown of epithelial adherens junctions.</a> Molecular Biology of the Cell. 13 (5), 1449-1461 (2002).</li><li>Park, T. J., Curran, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Essential+roles+of+Crk+and+CrkL+in+fibroblast+structure+and+motility.">Essential roles of Crk and CrkL in fibroblast structure and motility.</a> Oncogene. 33 (43), 5121-5132 (2014).</li><li>Rodrigues, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CrkI+and+CrkII+function+as+key+signaling+integrators+for+migration+and+invasion+of+cancer+cells.">CrkI and CrkII function as key signaling integrators for migration and invasion of cancer cells.</a> Molecular Cancer Research. 3 (4), 183-194 (2005).</li><li>Feller, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crk+family+adaptors-signalling+complex+formation+and+biological+roles.">Crk family adaptors-signalling complex formation and biological roles.</a> Oncogene. 20 (44), 6348-6371 (2001).</li><li>Park, T. J., Boyd, K., Curran, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+and+craniofacial+defects+in+Crk-null+mice.">Cardiovascular and craniofacial defects in Crk-null mice.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 26 (16), 6272-6282 (2006).</li><li>Park, T. J., Curran, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crk+and+Crk-like+play+essential+overlapping+roles+downstream+of+disabled-1+in+the+Reelin+pathway.">Crk and Crk-like play essential overlapping roles downstream of disabled-1 in the Reelin pathway.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (50), 13551-13562 (2008).</li><li>Hallock, P. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dok-7+regulates+neuromuscular+synapse+formation+by+recruiting+Crk+and+Crk-L.">Dok-7 regulates neuromuscular synapse formation by recruiting Crk and Crk-L.</a> Genes &amp; Development. 24 (21), 2451-2461 (2010).</li></ol>

使用实时细胞分析系统实时测量细胞迁移和入侵是一种简单、快速和连续的监控过程，与在单个时间点提供数据的传统方法相比，具有多种显著的优势。与传统方法一样，必须针对实时细胞分析系统的每个细胞系优化实验条件，因为每个细胞系在粘附基、生长、细胞到细胞接触以及迁移和侵入性能力。由于这些差异，每个细胞系可能显示不同的细胞动力学和细胞阻抗。阻抗受井中种子的细胞数量?...

癌症是一种致命的疾病，由于其转移到不同器官的能力。确定癌症基因型和表型对于理解和设计有效的治疗策略至关重要。几十年的癌症研究已导致不同方法的发展和适应，以确定癌症基因型和表型。最新的技术发展之一是基于细胞阻抗对细胞迁移和入侵进行实时测量。细胞附着在基质和细胞接触中起着重要作用，细胞对细胞的沟通和组织调节、发育和维护。细胞粘附的异常导致细胞细胞接触丧失，细胞外基质（ECM）退化，细胞迁移和入侵能力的增强，所有这些都导致癌细胞转移到不同的器官11，2。2各种方法可用于确定细胞迁移（伤口愈合和博伊登室测定）和入侵（马特里格尔-博伊登室测定）3，4，5。3,4,5这些传统方法是半定量的，因为细胞需要在实验之前或之后用荧光染料或其他染料标记，以测量细胞表型。此外，在某些情况下，需要机械干扰来制造伤口，以测量细胞向伤口部位的迁移。此外，这些现有方法既耗时，且耗费人力，并且仅在一个时间点测量结果。此外，由于实验过程中处理不一致，这些方法容易进行不准确的测量。
与传统方法不同，实时细胞分析系统可实时测量细胞阻抗，无需细胞预或后染色和机械损伤。更重要的是，实验的持续时间可以延长，以便生物效应能够以时间相关的方式确定。执行实验是时间效率高，而不是劳动密集型。分析数据相对简单准确。与其他方法相比，该方法是测量细胞迁移和入侵66、7、8、97,8,9的最佳实时测量方法之一。
贾弗和基斯是第一个描述电极表面10细胞群的阻抗测量的第一个。实时细胞分析系统的工作原理相同。每个微孔的面积大约 80% 覆盖着一系列黄金微电极。当电极表面区域由于细胞的粘附或扩散而被细胞占用时，电阻抗会发生变化。这种阻抗显示为细胞指数，它与穿透微孔膜（该膜的中位孔径为8μm）11后覆盖电极表面积的细胞成正比。
Crk 和 CrkL 是含有 SH2 和 SH3 域的适应蛋白，在各种细胞功能中起着重要作用，如细胞骨架调节、细胞转化、增殖、粘附、上皮-梅辛位过渡、迁移、入侵和转移，通过调解许多信号通路11、12、13、14、15、16、1715,16中的蛋白质-蛋白质,12,13,14,相互作用，17, 18.因此，确定癌细胞的Crk/CrkL依赖性迁移和侵入性能力非常重要。进行了实时细胞分析，以确定在Crk和CrkL基因敲除后胶质细胞细胞的迁移和侵入性能力。
本文描述了对人类胶质细胞细胞的Crk-和CrkL介导迁移和入侵的详细测量。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1140px;" width="1140">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:323px;">Biosafety cabinet</td>
			<td style="width:339px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">1300 Series Class II, Type A2</td>
			<td style="width:244px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">CIM plates</td>
			<td>Cell Analysis Division of Agilent Technologies, Inc</td>
			<td>5665825001</td>
			<td>Cell invasion and migration plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Crk siRNA</td>
			<td>Dharmacon</td>
			<td>J-010503-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">CrkL siRNA</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>ID: 3522 and ID: 3524</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s modified eagle&#8217;s medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>302002</td>
			<td>Culture medium used for cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Dulbecco&#39;s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21-031-CV</td>
			<td>DPBS used to wash the cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30910.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Heracell VIOS 160i CO2 incubator</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>51030285</td>
			<td>Co2 incubator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>354234</td>
			<td>Extracellular matrix gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Neon electroporation system</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MPK5000</td>
			<td>Electroporation system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Neon transfection system 10 &#181;L kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MPK1025</td>
			<td>Electroporation kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Non-targeting siRNA</td>
			<td>Dharmacon</td>
			<td>D-001810-01</td>
			<td>siRNA for non targated control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Odyssey CLx (Imaging system)</td>
			<td>LI-COR Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Western blot imaging system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">RTCA software</td>
			<td>Cell Analysis Division of Agilent Technologies, Inc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Instrument used for experiment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Scepter</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>C85360</td>
			<td>Handheld automated cell counter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">U-118MG</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>ATCC HTB15</td>
			<td>Cell lines used for experiments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">xCELLigence RTCA DP</td>
			<td>Cell Analysis Division of Agilent Technologies, Inc</td>
			<td>380601050</td>
			<td>Instrument used for experiment</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

impedance-based real-time measurement of cancer cell migration and invasion

癌症产生是由于遗传不稳定、突变、环境和其他压力因素引起的细胞无节制。这些在复杂、多层分子信号网络中的异常导致异常细胞增殖和存活、细胞外基质退化和转移到远机关。据估计，大约90%的癌症相关死亡是由转移传播的直接或间接影响造成的。因此，建立一个高度可靠、全面的系统，以基因和环境操纵来描述癌细胞行为非常重要。这种系统可以清楚地理解癌症转移的分子调节，并有机会成功开发分层、精确的治疗策略。因此，准确确定癌细胞行为，如迁移和入侵与基因的增益或丧失功能，允许评估癌细胞的侵略性性质。基于细胞阻抗的实时测量系统使研究人员能够在整个实验中持续获取数据，并在各种实验条件下立即比较和量化结果。与传统方法不同，此方法不需要固定、染色和样品处理来分析迁移或入侵的细胞。本文着重介绍了胶质细胞瘤癌细胞迁移和入侵的实时测定过程。

有人建议，Crk和CrkL对于细胞迁移和入侵不同癌细胞系13，17,17非常重要。虽然Crk和CrkL蛋白在结构和功能上彼此相似，并发挥基本的重叠功能16，19，20，21，许多基因敲除研究的Crk和CrkL没有明确解决是否具体的Crk，CrkL，或两者兼而有之。16,19,20,21因此，不清?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Impedance-based Real-time Measurement of Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion at JoVE.com

Impedance-based Real-time Measurement of Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

癌症是一种致命的疾病，由于其转移到不同器官的能力。确定癌细胞在各种治疗条件下迁移和入侵的能力对于评估治疗策略至关重要。该协议提供了一种评估胶质细胞瘤癌细胞系的实时转移能力的方法。

基于阻抗的癌细胞迁移和入侵的实时测量

Cancer arises due to uncontrolled proliferation of cells initiated by genetic instability, mutations, and environmental and other stress factors. These ...

使用该协议，细胞迁移和入侵可以在实时条件下揭开，使细胞动力学在基因功能和药物的损失或增益下能够确定。与其他方法不同，无需染色、机械细胞损伤或荧光标记。最重要的是，实时细胞动力学可以有效地确定。当 U-118MG 细胞系培养达到 70 至 80% 汇合时，用 PBS 清洗细胞，然后再用两毫升 0.5% 的 trypsin-EDTA 处理细胞。在37摄氏度下30秒后，停止与10毫升新鲜培养剂的反应，将分离的细胞转移到15毫升锥形管中。计数后，通过离心收集细胞，并在6倍10至第五个细胞中重新暂停，每个条件浓度在适当的新鲜介质体积。将六乘10至第五细胞转移到每个条件的一个微离心管中，并在每个管中加入800微升Dulbecco的PBS。离心后，将每个颗粒重新在60微升的再增缓冲液R和6微摩尔的siRNA中重新分配。在电波每个电池悬架的 10 微升等同与三个 10 毫秒 1，350 伏脉冲电波之前，用轻轻的敲击混合每个管。每次治疗后，将每个条件的电分细胞汇集在新鲜培养培养的五毫升等分中。然后将细胞种子化为两个35毫米培养皿，并在细胞培养培养箱中放置三天。在实时细胞分析前五到六个小时，将实时细胞分析系统放入细胞培养箱。要建立入侵测定，使用反向移液剂将50微升DMEM，每毫升细胞外基质凝胶0.1微克，放入细胞入侵板的上腔的每个井中。电镀后，立即从每井中取出30微升的细胞外基质溶液，将板放入细胞培养箱4小时。为了建立阻抗测量程序，在测量前六小时，用低血清介质替换所有电分细胞培养物中的介质。在相关阻抗测量软件中的"布局"选项卡下，为每个生物条件选择四重井。在"计划"选项卡下，以一分钟间隔设置一次基线测量扫描步骤，并设置第二步以测量实际实验各个支架中的单元阻抗。在细胞阻抗测量开始前一小时，加入160微升的介质，辅以10%的胎儿牛血清作为化疗物进入细胞入侵和迁移板的下腔。要测量入侵，组装包含细胞外基质凝胶涂层孔的上腔。要测量迁移，请使用上室中的未涂层孔。对于任一类型的实验，在上腔室中用 50 微升低血清介质填充孔，然后将腔室放入系统的底座中。单击软件中的"消息"选项卡，确定控制单元是否识别所有油井。如果消息按预期显示，则底座中的板已准备就绪，可以进行实验。然后将完全包装的板放入细胞培养箱中，在实时细胞分析系统摇篮中放置一个小时，使板适应细胞培养条件。当板是平衡的，收获胶质母细胞细胞，如证明，并重新从每个条件细胞在8倍10至第五细胞每800微升低血清中浓度。此外，在两毫升培养基中留出三倍至第五细胞，在 35 毫米的培养皿中播种，用于下游西方印迹分析。要测量迁移前的基线读数，在适应结束时，请单击"底座开始"按钮。获得基线测量后，将迁移和入侵板从各自的底座转移到生物安全柜中。反向移液器 100 微升细胞成四联上室井，每个生物条件在适当的孔的细胞入侵和迁移板，如在摇篮的控制单元编程。播种后，将板在室温下放在生物安全柜中 30 分钟，使细胞均匀地沉淀在板底上，然后再将板转移到各自的底座上。单击底座"开始"按钮开始测量电池阻抗。若要在实验期间或之后以时间相关的方式将单元格阻抗的变化可视化为单元格索引，请打开"数据分析"选项卡。要单独或单独可视化每个相应条件的数据和/或标准差，请单击平均值和标准偏差的选项框。要将单元格索引数据导出到电子表格文件，请将光标放在数据分析窗口的中间并右键单击。在显示的对话框中，选择将数据复制到列表格式选项，然后将数据粘贴到打开的电子表格中。要释放实验，请单击每个底座中的"释放"按钮。Crk 适配器蛋白击倒将 Crk1 和 Crk2 蛋白质水平分别降低 85% 和 86%，而不诱导 Crk 样蛋白水平。Crk 样蛋白的敲击使 Crk 样蛋白表达减少 85%，Crk1 和 Crk2 蛋白质水平略有降低。将 siRNA 组合将 Crk1、Crk2 和 Crk 样表达式减少 80% 以上，而 Vinculin 和 alpha-Tubulin 表达式均不受 Crk 或 Crk 样敲击的任何组合的影响。人类脑胶质母细胞瘤细胞沿着梯度迁移，以回应高血清浓度达到13小时最大迁移水平。在 Crk 击倒细胞中，虽然迁移最初被推迟，但细胞继续迁移到 23 小时。Crk 样敲击显著减少细胞迁移，胶质母细胞瘤细胞系完全失去其迁移能力，在敲击 Crk 和 Crk 样时，Crk 和 Crk 样在癌细胞迁移中起到重要的重叠作用。然而，当细胞入侵监测数天，Crk击倒细胞达到类似的最大水平细胞入侵相比，控制胶质母细胞瘤细胞在60小时与克克样细胞部分恢复其入侵能力90小时和双克克-克克细胞显示在40小时后入侵能力下降。研究结果明确支持了在实验的整个期间对细胞入侵进行分析的建议。播种正确的细胞数量和避免气泡，同时记录细胞外基质进行入侵测定和播种细胞是本实验成功的关键点。遵循类似的程序，但使用电子板，细胞粘附和细胞增殖动力学可以确定。

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

在头颈部鳞状细胞癌的神经浸润模型

Perineural invasion (PNI) is found in approximately 40% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Despite multimodal treatment with surgery, ...

科研

癌症研究

Evaluation of the Cell Invasion and Migration Process: A Comparison of the Video Microscope-based Scratch Wound Assay and the Boyden Chamber Assay

细胞侵袭和迁移过程的评价: 视频 Microscope-based 刮伤法与博伊登室法的比较

The invasion and migration abilities of tumor cells are main contributors to cancer progression and recurrence. Many studies have explored the migration ...

Using the Dot Assay to Analyze Migration of Cell Sheets

用点法分析细胞板的迁移

Although complex organisms appear static, their tissues are under a continuous turnover. As cells age, die, and are replaced by new cells, cells move ...

Serum and Plasma Copy Number Detection Using Real-time PCR

应用实时 PCR 技术检测血清和血浆拷贝数

Serum and plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown as an informative, non-invasive source of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, ...

Moving Upwards: A Simple and Flexible In Vitro Three-dimensional Invasion Assay Protocol

Moving Upwards: A Simple and Flexible In Vitro Three-dimensional Invasion Assay Protocol

向上移动: 一个简单而灵活的体外三维入侵检测协议

Although 3D invasion assays have been developed, the challenge remains to study cells without affecting the integrity of their microenvironment. ...

Live-Cell Imaging Assays to Study Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cell Migration and Invasion

活体细胞成像技术研究胶质瘤脑干细胞的迁移和侵袭

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that is poorly controlled with the currently available treatment options. Key features of GBMs include ...

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

3维细胞培养系统研究膀胱癌侵袭和评价治疗方法

Bladder cancer is a significant health problem. It is estimated that more than 16,000 people will die this year in the United States from bladder cancer. ...

Real Time Detection of In Vitro Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by CD8+ T Cells to Study Immune Suppressive Functions of Tumor-infiltrating Myeloid Cells

Real Time Detection of In Vitro Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by CD8+ T Cells to Study Immune Suppressive Functions of Tumor-infiltrating Myeloid Cells

cd8+ t 细胞诱导体外肿瘤细胞凋亡的实时检测--研究肿瘤浸润髓内细胞的免疫抑制作用

Potentiation of the tumor-killing ability of CD8+ T cells in tumors, along with their efficient tumor infiltration, is a key element of successful ...

A Simple Migration/Invasion Workflow Using an Automated Live-cell Imager

使用自动活单元成像仪的简单迁移/入侵工作流

Cancer cell mobility is crucial for the initiation of metastasis. Therefore, investigation of the cell movement and invasive capacity is of great ...

Real-Time Monitoring of Human Glioma Cell Migration on Dorsal Root Ganglion Axon-Oligodendrocyte Co-Cultures

多端根结核细胞迁移的实时监测

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers due to extensive cellular heterogeneity and the migration properties of hGCs. In order to better ...