Name: wheelcon: a wheel control-based gaming platform for studying human sensorimotor control
Uploaded: 2020-08-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control at JoVE.com

我们感谢王正阳先生对视频的剧本、拍摄和编辑进行改造，感谢叶子元先生编辑了视频。这项研究得到了CIT捐赠和国家科学基金会（给JCD）、博斯韦尔研究金（至QL）和高级大学基金（No.G02386301，G02386401，广东省自然科学基金联合基金（2019A1515111038号）。

该议定书的开发和应用得到了加州理工学院机构审查委员会（IRB）和南方科技大学 IRB 的批准。主体在执行任何程序之前提供了知情同意。
1. 系统准备和设置
<ol><li>推荐的基本硬件是 2 GHz 双核处理器和 4 GB 的系统内存。</li>
	<li>在 Unity 平台下构建游戏平台，同时使用 C# 编程语言。游戏平台开发需要罗技游戏轮驱动器和罗技方向盘 SDK。</li>
	<li>游戏平台可执行文件仅支持 Wind...

<ol>
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本文提出了一个免费的开源游戏平台，WheelCon，用于研究延迟、量化、扰动和分层反馈回路在人体传感器运动控制中的影响。我们已经展示了硬件、软件和 GUI。实现了单传感器运动控制回路的延迟和量化设置，从而可以测量传感器运动控制中延迟、量化和扰动的影响。实验结果与反馈控制理论的预测吻合。
这些协议提供了一种无创地操纵外部延迟和限制视觉输入和动作输出?...

人传运动控制系统非常坚固1，虽然传感是分布式的，可变的，稀疏的，量化的，噪声和延迟的2，3，4;,3,4中枢神经系统的计算速度5慢5、6、7;,6,7和肌肉驱动疲劳和饱和8。提出了许多计算理论模型来解释复杂的人类传感器,运动控制过程,4、9、10、11、12、13、14，9这是一个在人类到达和响应,12,1310,11415、16,中权衡利向的过程。14例如，反馈控制理论预测最佳控制策略12，贝叶斯理论模型传感器运动学习17，18，19和信息理论传感器运动基础17,18,1920，21。20,21与丰富的理论模型相比，能够操纵多个反馈回路重要成分的实验平台缺乏开发。部分原因在于，设计一个平台来桥接和测试传感器运动控制的这些方面需要各种各样的专业知识，从电机控制理论、信号处理和交互，一直延伸到计算机图形和编程。研究人员经常开发自己的定制硬件/软件系统来描述人类传感器运动控制性能，这会限制跨研究组比较/对比和集成数据集的能力。开发一个易于使用和验证的系统可以扩大传感器运动控制的定量特性。
本文介绍了 WheelCon 平台，这是一个新颖、免费和开源的平台，用于为虚拟环境设计视频游戏，无创地模拟了 Fitts 定律到达游戏和山地自行车任务，并完成了陡峭、曲折和颠簸的轨迹。Fitts 的到达任务定律量化了速度和精度之间的权衡，其中达到距离尺度上宽度目标所需的时间为22，23,23。"山地自行车任务"是追求和补偿性跟踪任务的结合，是人类传感器运动性能研究的两个经典组成部分，特别是在研究反馈回路方面。
WheelCon 包含每个理论中提出的高要求的基本组件：延迟、量化、噪声、干扰和多个反馈回路。它是研究人类感官运动控制中的以下不同问题的潜在工具：
• 人类传感器运动系统如何处理神经信号的延迟和量化，这从根本上受到大脑24、25,中有限资源（如空间和代谢成本）的限制; • 人类皮层的神经相关性与传感器运动控制如何26; • 人类如何处理传感器运动控制中不可预知的外部干扰27; • 分层控制回路如何分层和集成在人类传感器运动系统16、28、29,28,中; • 人类视觉反馈30的延迟和量化的结果，反射 反馈31 在传感器运动控制中产生的结果; • 延迟和量化下传感器运动学习的最佳策略和策略 16、17、24、29 。16,17,24,29
WheelCon 与方向盘集成，可以模拟在这些问题中操作变量的游戏条件，例如信令延迟、量化、噪声和干扰，同时记录动态控制策略和系统错误。它还允许研究人员研究传感器运动控制中的分层架构。在骑山地自行车的示例中，此任务涉及两个控制层：高层计划和低层反射。对于可见的干扰（即小径），我们会在干扰到达之前进行规划。对于事先未知的干扰（即小颠簸），控制依赖于延迟反射。反馈控制理论认为，有效的分层架构可以整合上层的目标、计划、决策与下层的传感、反射和动作24。WheelCon 提供实验工具，分别用于测试这种分层架构（图1），从而在平面图和反射层中分别诱导明显干扰。
我们提供一个廉价，易于使用和灵活的编程平台，WheelCon，弥合了理论和实验神经学研究之间的差距。具体说来，它可用于检查延迟、量化、干扰、潜在的速度精度权衡的影响。可以在控制循环中操作的变量显示在表1 中。它还可用于研究人类传感器运动控制中不同控制层的决策和多路复用能力。此外，WheelCon与非侵入性神经记录（如脑电图（EEG））兼容，用于测量,传感器运动控制32、33、34、35,33,34期间的神经反应，以及非侵入性脑刺激技术（如颅电刺激（tES）和颅磁刺激（TMS），以操纵神经35活动36、37。36,37

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Gaming Wheel</td>
			<td>Logitech</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Windows 10 OS</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

wheelcon: a wheel control-based gaming platform for studying human sensorimotor control

反馈控制理论已被广泛应用为人类传感器运动控制建模。然而，能够操纵多个反馈回路重要组件的实验平台缺乏开发。本文描述了 WheelCon，一个旨在解决此类不足问题的开源平台。WheelCon 仅使用一台电脑、标准显示屏和配备有力反馈电机的廉价游戏方向盘，安全地模拟了骑山地自行车沿着陡峭、曲折、崎岖的小径骑行的规范传感器运动任务。该平台提供了灵活性，如所提供的演示中所演示，因此研究人员可以操作分层反馈回路中的干扰、延迟和量化（数据速率），包括高级高级计划层和低级延迟反射层。在这篇小论文中，我们演示了 WheelCon 的图形用户界面 （GUI），现有演示的输入和输出，以及如何设计新游戏。此外，我们提出了演示游戏的基本反馈模型和实验结果，这些结果与模型的预测非常吻合。WheelCon 平台可立即下载https://github.com/Doyle-Lab/WheelCon。简言之，该平台的特点是便宜、易于使用、灵活编程，可进行有效的传感器运动神经科学研究与控制工程教育。

建模反馈控制
我们显示了图 1 所示的简化 反馈控制模型。系统动态由以下方法提供：
<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/61092/61092equ01.jpg">
其中 x（t） 是时间 t 的误差， r（t） 是跟踪扰动 w（t）， 是颠簸扰动， u（t） ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control at JoVE.com

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

WheelCon 是一个新颖、免费和开源的平台，用于设计视频游戏，无创地模拟山地自行车沿着陡峭、曲折、崎岖的小径骑行。它包含人类传感器运动控制（延迟、量化、噪声、干扰和多个反馈回路）中的组件，并允许研究人员研究传感器运动控制中的分层结构。

轮式康：一个基于车轮控制的游戏平台，用于研究人类传感器运动控制

Feedback control theory has been extensively implemented to theoretically model human sensorimotor control. However, experimental platforms capable of ...

人体感官电机控制系统非常坚固，尽管传感是分布式、稀疏、量化、噪声和延迟的。中枢神经系统的计算速度缓慢，肌肉驱动疲劳和饱和。为了研究这种因果因素及其对感觉电机控制系统性能的影响，开发一个易于利用的实验平台来操作这些结果并记录性能是十分重要的。在这里，我们提出了一个游戏平台称为车轮Con，这是一个自由和开源的平台，设计视频游戏的虚拟环境，模拟骑山地自行车沿着陡峭，扭曲，颠簸的小径。WheelCon 与方向盘集成，因为它可以操作人体感官电机控制系统中的变量，例如信号延迟、量化、噪声和干扰，同时记录电机控制轨迹和空气动力学。它还允许研究在感觉电机控制中研究建筑师的层，包括上层的目标、计划、决策以及下层的感应、反射和作用。在运行 Windows 10 的计算机上，转到 WheelCon 网页，单击"克隆"或"下载"，然后单击弹出对话框中的"下载 ZIP"。将所有文件提取到本地硬盘驱动器。转到制造商的网站，下载相应的驱动程序为您的赛车车轮模型。将赛车轮牢固地安装在显示器前的坐姿上。将车轮的 USB 电缆连接到 PC，将电源适配器连接到插座。要测试程序，请双击滚轮。exe 在"可执行输出"文件的文件夹中。根据监视器设置配置设置，然后单击"播放"。将主体舒适地放在车轮后面。在处理车轮时，确保主体有足够的运动范围。单击"适合的法律任务"。单击文本框并键入输出文件的名称，包括主题和任务信息。单击"选择文件"，然后选择"适合定律"。txt 作为输入。单击"开始游戏"。通过转动方向盘，指示主体用绿线跟踪灰色区域。这个游戏用于熟悉主题与设置。单击山地自行车任务。键入输出文件名并选择Vision_Delay.txt。单击"开始游戏"开始测试。在这个游戏里，前视窗口的长度会发生变化，以提供高级警告、没有警告或视觉延迟。单击山地自行车任务，键入输出文件名并选择Action_Delay.txt。单击"开始游戏"开始测试。在此游戏中，在主体的车轮转动和绿线运动之间添加延迟。延迟从零秒开始，增加 0.15 秒，直到达到 0.75 秒。单击山地自行车任务，键入输出文件名并选择"视觉量化.txt。单击"开始游戏"开始测试。在这个游戏中，视觉数据速率纵。当可视数据较低时，跟踪只能出现在几个松散的灰色位置。随着可视数据速率的增加，灰色区域可以出现在更多潜在位置，并且其移动变得更加连续。单击"山地自行车任务"，键入输出文件名并选择"操作量化.txt。单击"开始游戏"开始测试。在这个游戏中，操作数据速率纵。当数据速率最慢时，灰色线只能以一个速度移动。随着数据速率的增加，控制车轮速度变得更精细。单击山地自行车任务，键入输出文件名并选择凹凸.txt。单击"开始游戏"开始测试。在这个游戏中，干扰被添加为车轮上的扭矩，模拟颠簸，突然转向小径或两种类型的干扰组合。若要检索测试结果，请转到可执行输出文件的文件夹，并查找具有以前指定的文件名的文件。从左到右，输出文件中的每一行指定时间、试验位置、颠簸大小、动作数据速率、动作延迟、视觉延迟、视觉数据速率、跟踪误差和方向盘角度。要开发新的输入文件，请打开 WheelCon Mntn 自行车道设计代码。m 在具有 Matlab 的源代码文件夹中。为所需的游戏参数选择代码的这一部分，按"控制"加上"T"以取消注释，然后按"运行"。输入文件将在同一文件夹中重新生成。正如这个数字所示，在视觉或动作延迟的游戏中，主体的错误随着更大的延迟而增加。在可视输入或操作输出中限制数据速率会导致更大的错误。此图显示了试验期间的空气动力学，要么只有颠簸，只有转弯，要么两者结合。当您观看此视频时，您应该熟悉如何将 WheelCon 应用于人类感官电机控制研究。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Measuring Circadian and Acute Light Responses in Mice using Wheel Running Activity

测量小鼠使用车轮运行活动的昼夜和急性对光反应

Circadian rhythms are physiological functions that cycle over a period of approximately 24 hours (circadian- circa: approximate and diem: day)1, 2.  They ...

科研

神经科学

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

三维前庭眼反射测试使用六度自由度运动平台

The vestibular organ is a sensor that measures angular and linear accelerations with six degrees of freedom (6DF). Complete or partial defects in the ...

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents

运行轮活动在啮齿类动物的昼夜节律的记录和分析

When rodents have free access to a running wheel in their home cage, voluntary use of this wheel will depend on the time of day1-5. Nocturnal rodents, ...

Methods for Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans

Methods for Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans

方法研究抗精神病药物的作用机制在<em&gt;秀丽隐杆线虫</em

Caenorhabditis elegans is a simple genetic organism amenable to  large-scale forward and reverse genetic screens and chemical genetic screens. The C.  ...

A Simplified Method for Ultra-Low Density, Long-Term Primary Hippocampal Neuron Culture

的简化方法超低密度，长期主要海马神经元文化

Culturing primary hippocampal neurons in vitro facilitates mechanistic interrogation of many aspects of neuronal development. Dissociated embryonic ...

Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications

高接触密度的制作，平面接口神经电极用于记录和刺激的应用

Many attempts have been made to manufacture multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes that are safe, robust and reliable for long term neuroprosthetic ...

An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons

利用生命病毒介导的人神经元转导研究头塔聚集的体外模型

Aberrant aggregation of the protein tau is pathogenically involved in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer&#8217;s disease (AD). ...

&#181;Tongue: A Microfluidics-Based Functional Imaging Platform for the Tongue In Vivo

Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂµTongue: A Microfluidics-Based Functional Imaging Platform for the Tongue In Vivo

μTongue：一个基于微流体的功能成像平台，用于在Viva的舌头

Intravital fluorescence microscopy is a tool used widely to study multicellular dynamics in a live animal. However, it has not been successfully used in ...

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

体内 熟练运动行为的无线光遗传学控制

Fine motor skills are essential in everyday life and can be compromised in several nervous system disorders. The acquisition and performance of these ...

A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning

用于监测小脑依赖性感觉联想学习的灵活平台

Climbing fiber inputs to Purkinje cells provide instructive signals critical for cerebellum-dependent associative learning. Studying these signals in ...