Name: using a virtual reality walking simulator to investigate pedestrian behavior
Uploaded: 2020-06-09T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior at JoVE.com

韩国研究所资助了这项技术促进和贸易、工业和能源部的工作（赠款号10044775）。

这个实验协议涉及人类受试者。这一程序得到了昆山国立大学研究委员会的批准。
1. 设备准备
注：设备包括：带鼠标、键盘和显示器的个人电脑（PC，3.3 GHz，带8GM）;安装在台式电脑上的步行模拟器软件;定制跑步机（宽度：0.67米，长度：1.26米，高度：1.10米），配有扶手、皮带和带USB电缆的磁性编码器;和 Oculus 裂谷虚拟现实设备（DK1，美国，1280 x 800 像素?...

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先前的研究已经使用模拟器与投影屏幕16，17，但该协议通过完全身临其境的虚拟视图（即360度）提高生态有效性。此外，要求参与者在跑步机上行走，可以检查儿童和青少年如何根据不断变化的环境调整自己的行动。此实验设计的虚拟场景与参与者的动作同时变化，车辆在特定时间点到达行人的过线。这样可以防止参与者由于决定或准备搬迁而推迟过?...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61116/using-virtual-reality-walking-simulator-to-investigate-pedestrian">Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior</a>. An&#160;affiliation was updated.
The first affiliation was updated from:
Department of Sports Science, Kunsan National University
to:
Department of Sport and Exercise&#160;Sciences, Kunsan National University

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61116/using-virtual-reality-walking-simulator-to-investigate-pedestrian">Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior</a>. Author and affiliation information&#160;were&#160;updated.

Erratum: Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

间隙交叉，一种拦截行为，需要移动自己相对于两个移动的车辆之间的间隙1，2，3，4。间隙交叉涉及感知迎面而来的车辆和控制与移动交通相关的移动。这需要行动与感知的信息精确耦合。许多以前的研究已经检查了感知判断和差距交叉行为使用人工道路，路边模拟器，和屏幕投影虚拟环境5，6。然而，以往的过路文献对这种行为有不完全的了解，这些研究的生态有效性受到质疑。
该协议为研究虚拟现实中的间隙交叉行为提供了研究范式，从而最大限度地提高了生态有效性。步行模拟器用于检查间隙交叉行为的感知和操作。模拟器为参与者提供了一个安全的行走环境，在模拟环境中的实际行走使研究人员能够充分捕捉感知和行动之间的相互关系。实际过马路的人比那些只口头决定过马路的人更准确地判断时间差距。虚拟环境在生态上是有效的，允许研究人员通过更改程序的参数来轻松更改与任务相关的变量。
在这项研究中，对参与者的初始起始位置进行操纵，以评估速度控制，同时接近间隙。该协议允许在拦截间隙的同时对行人运动控制进行调查。分析参与者的速度随着时间的变化，可以功能解释速度调整，而他或她接近差距。
此外，被截获对象的空间和时间特征指定了人员如何移动。在间隙交叉环境中，间隙尺寸（车辆间距离）和车辆尺寸的变化也会影响行人的运动变化。因此，操纵间隙特征可能会导致参与者接近行为的速度调整。因此，操纵间隙特征（即间隙大小和车辆尺寸）为根据各种间隙特征了解交叉行为变化提供了有价值的信息。这项研究考察了儿童和青少年在各种交叉环境中跨越间隙时如何调节速度。对于不同起始位置、车辆间距离和车辆尺寸的各种间隙交叉环境，可以评估速度调节配置文件。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Customized treadmill</td>
			<td>Kunsan National University</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Treadmill built for this study</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Desktop PC</td>
			<td>Multiple companies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Standard Desktop PC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oculus Rift Development Kit</td>
			<td>Oculus VR, LLC</td>
			<td>DK1</td>
			<td>Virtual reality headset</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Walking Simulator Software</td>
			<td>Kunsan National University</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Software deloped for this experiment</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using a virtual reality walking simulator to investigate pedestrian behavior

要成功过马路，个人必须与移动的车辆协调其移动。本文描述了在沉浸式虚拟环境中，人们在跑步机上行走以拦截两辆移动车辆之间的间隙的行走模拟器。虚拟现实允许对间隙交叉行为进行安全和生态上不同的调查。操纵初始起始距离可以进一步理解参与者的速度调节，同时接近间隙。对于各种间隙交叉变量（如初始距离、车辆大小和间隙大小），可以评估速度轮廓。每个步行模拟都产生一个位置/时间序列，可以根据间隙特征通知速度如何以不同方式调整。研究行人行为和行为动力学的研究人员可以使用这种方法，同时在安全、逼真的环境中雇用人类参与者。

步行模拟器可用于检查行人的交叉行为，同时操纵从路边到拦截点的初始距离和间隙特征（即间隙和车辆尺寸）。虚拟环境方法允许间隙特征的操纵，以了解动态变化的交叉环境如何影响儿童和青少年的过马路行为。
用于比较不同行人群体的交叉行为的间隙内的量化速度剖面和交叉位置。我们评估了拦截时间 （TOI） 是速度调整对参与者在间隙内位置的瞬时影响。这些代表性...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior at JoVE.com

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

该协议描述了步行模拟器的使用，该模拟器是一种安全且生态有效的方法，用于研究行人在移动交通中的行为。

使用虚拟现实步行模拟器调查行人行为

To cross a road successfully, individuals must coordinate their movements with moving vehicles. This paper describes use of a walking simulator in which ...

这种高度身临其境的虚拟现实协议使我们能够调查人们在穿越过程中如何调整情绪。在跑步机上虚拟行走可以完全捕捉到感知和行动之间的互惠关系。这个信息可以提供对行为生态学领域的洞察，并允许研究人员探索我们在行人安全和自动驾驶汽车开发方面的激情。使用图表可视化交叉情况是很有帮助的，这样研究人员可以正确校准参数，以适应其研究的目的。展示他们的程序将是李慧，一个研究生从我实验室。首先使用配置目录在步行模拟器上设置参数。在汽车部分中，设置第一辆车的参数。将类型设置为轿车的一种，公共汽车的二种类型，无车辆的零类型。接下来，将速度（以公里/小时为单位）和距离设置为所需值（以米为单位）。通过设置相同的参数完成第二个汽车部分。路段包含车道选择的参数，将参数车道设置为 1，以使用车道靠近行人起始位置或两个车道用于更远的车道。在包含与采样频率相关的参数的已保存部分中，将参数编号设置为所需的值（以赫兹表示），然后保存配置文件并退出。准备三个练习试用配置文件，并创建一个单独的工作表，其中列出了以随机顺序在试验中使用的配置列表。招募视力正常或矫正的参与者，并要求他们在每次实验前签署书面知情同意书。播放带任务的口头说明给参与者的录音。并鼓励他们提问。准备好后，引导学员到跑步机，将稳定带系到参与者的腰部。在实验过程中，指示他们时刻握住手架。请学员在握住手轨时，在跑步机上系上练习带子行走。一旦参与者能够舒适地在跑步机上行走，双击可执行模拟器即可开始步行模拟器程序。指示学员佩戴耳机，根据需要提供帮助。检查头部转弯的舒适性和稳定性。校准耳机，使黑白卡通人行横道与参与者视图正确对齐。通知学员，第一次练习试验将在没有任何车辆的情况下进行，并开始试用。在屏幕底部的文本框中输入第一个练习试用配置编号，然后单击"开始"按钮。指示学员向前看，在听到准备好时做好准备，在听到声音时开始行走，然后准备好口头提示。第一次练习试验结束后，进行第二次练习试验，介绍车辆不走。对于第三次练习试验，通知参与者，这将涉及两辆车从左侧来，他或她应尝试在两辆车之间过马路。在文本框中输入第三个练习试用号，然后单击"开始"按钮。要执行虚拟步行实验，请从文本框中的数据手册中键入第一个配置编号，然后单击"开始"。以与最终练习试验相同的方式执行模拟，并在实验表上的配置编号旁边记录结果。步行模拟器用于确定从曲线到交点的初始距离是否影响参与者的接近速度。然而，在整个方法中，年轻人的速度加快了，当最初的距离很短时，他们在试验开始时放慢了速度，并不断加快速度。对于儿童，车辆尺寸影响初始距离引起的速度剖面和交叉位置。步行后分析显示，儿童在整个方法中加速，但是，当他们在汽车之间交叉时，他们在接近初始距离的接近初始距离的接近起点时减速了。当儿童在公共汽车之间交叉时，他们的速度在接近初始距离的接近起点时既不增加也不降低。结果发现，儿童拦截时间显著增加，因为初始距离从近到远增加，然而，在公共汽车之间交叉时，儿童拦截时间在近距离和中间初始距离之间没有显著差异。为了提供有关交叉行为的准确信息，必须正确校准虚拟现实耳机的视场场景。这项技术使研究人员能够开发行人行为的数学模型，这些模型用于研究轴承角度和自给等概念。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Mice Navigating a Virtual Reality Environment

在小鼠导航虚拟现实环境的双光子钙成像

In recent years, two-photon imaging has become an invaluable tool in neuroscience, as it allows for chronic measurement of the activity of genetically ...

科研

行为学

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

每天生活技能的虚拟现实评估的发展

Cognitive impairments affect the majority of patients with schizophrenia and these impairments predict poor long term psychosocial outcomes.&#160; ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

多功能设置研究人类电机控制用经颅磁刺激，肌电图，运动捕捉和虚拟现实

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

创建虚拟手和虚拟面对面幻想调查自我表现

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional ...

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior

使用虚拟商店作为调查消费者店内行为的研究工具

People&#39;s responses to products and/or choice environments are crucial to understanding in-store consumer behaviors. Currently, there are various ...

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

利用虚拟现实技术将运动技能知识从一只手转移到另一个

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by ...

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation

基于移动游戏的上肢卒中康复虚拟现实程序

Stroke rehabilitation requires repetitive, intensive, goal-oriented therapy. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to satisfy these requirements. ...

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

虚拟现实中运动捕捉系统的日常生活运动运动学测量

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based ...

A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants

面向多参与者的决策科学与导航实验的网络化桌面虚拟现实设置

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and ...