Name: synthesis of aptamer-pei-g-peg modified gold nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin for targeted drug delivery
Uploaded: 2020-06-23T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Aptamer-PEI-g-PEG Modified Gold Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin for Targeted Drug Delivery at JoVE.com

Questa ricerca è stata finanziata dalla National Natural Science Foundation of China (31700840); il Progetto chiave di ricerca scientifica della provincia di Henan (18B430013, 18A150049). Questa ricerca è stata supportata dal Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU. Gli autori vorrebbero ringraziare lo studente di laurea Zebo Qu del College of Life Sciences di XYNU per le sue utili opere. Gli autori vorrebbero riconoscere il Centro analisi & test di XYNU per l'uso delle loro apparecchiature.

ATTENZIONE: Assicurarsi di consultare tutte le schede di dati di sicurezza dei materiali pertinenti (MSDS) prima di utilizzare tutte le sostanze chimiche. Molte delle sostanze chimiche utilizzate per preparare copolimeri e nanoparticelle sono acutamente tossiche. Anche le nanoparticelle hanno potenziali pericoli. Assicurati di utilizzare tutte le pratiche di sicurezza appropriate e i dispositivi di protezione individuale, tra cui guanti, camice da laboratorio, cappucci, pantaloni a figura intera e scarpe a punta stretta....

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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+golden+age:+gold+nanoparticles+for+biomedicine.">The golden age: gold nanoparticles for biomedicine.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 41 (7), 2740-2779 (2012).</li><li>Wei, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anticancer+drug+nanomicelles+formed+by+self-assembling+amphiphilic+dendrimer+to+combat+cancer+drug+resistance.">Anticancer drug nanomicelles formed by self-assembling amphiphilic dendrimer to combat cancer drug resistance.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (10), 2978-2983 (2015).</li><li>Galluzzi, L., Buque, A., Kepp, O., Zitvogel, L., Kroemer, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunological+Effects+of+Conventional+Chemotherapy+and+Targeted+Anticancer+Agents.">Immunological Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy and Targeted Anticancer Agents.</a> Cancer Cell. 28 (6), 690-714 (2015).</li><li>Muddineti, O. S., Ghosh, B., Biswas, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+trends+in+using+polymer+coated+gold+nanoparticles+for+cancer+therapy.">Current trends in using polymer coated gold nanoparticles for cancer therapy.</a> International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 484 (1-2), 252-267 (2015).</li><li>Hu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methyl+Orange+removal+by+a+novel+PEI-AuNPs-hemin+nanocomposite.">Methyl Orange removal by a novel PEI-AuNPs-hemin nanocomposite.</a> Journal of Environmental Sciences. 53, 278-283 (2017).</li><li>Gu, F. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+nanoparticles+for+cancer+therapy.">Targeted nanoparticles for cancer therapy.</a> Nano Today. 2 (3), 14-21 (2007).</li><li>Srinivasarao, M., Galliford, C. V., Low, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+in+the+design+of+ligand-targeted+cancer+therapeutics+and+imaging+agents.">Principles in the design of ligand-targeted cancer therapeutics and imaging agents.</a> Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 14 (3), 203-219 (2015).</li><li>Liu, Z., Shi, Y., Chen, Z., Duan, L., Wang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+progress+towards+the+use+of+aptamers+in+targeted+cancer+therapy.">Current progress towards the use of aptamers in targeted cancer therapy.</a> Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version). 59 (14), 1267 (2014).</li><li>Ghosh, P., Han, G., De, M., Kim, C. K., Rotello, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gold+nanoparticles+in+delivery+applications.">Gold nanoparticles in delivery applications.</a> Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 60 (11), 1307-1315 (2008).</li><li>Vandghanooni, S., Eskandani, M., Barar, J., Omidi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antisense+LNA-loaded+nanoparticles+of+star-shaped+glucose-core+PCL-PEG+copolymer+for+enhanced+inhibition+of+oncomiR-214+and+nucleolin-mediated+therapy+of+cisplatin-resistant+ovarian+cancer+cells.">Antisense LNA-loaded nanoparticles of star-shaped glucose-core PCL-PEG copolymer for enhanced inhibition of oncomiR-214 and nucleolin-mediated therapy of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells.</a> International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 573, 118729 (2020).</li><li>Andghanooni, S., Eskandani, M., Barar, J., Omidi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AS1411+aptamer-decorated+cisplatin-loaded+poly(lactic-co-glycolic+acid)+nanoparticles+for+targeted+therapy+of+miR-21-inhibited+ovarian+cancer+cells.">AS1411 aptamer-decorated cisplatin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for targeted therapy of miR-21-inhibited ovarian cancer cells.</a> Nanomedicine. 13 (21), 2729-2758 (2018).</li><li>Palmieri, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+anti-nucleolin+recombinant+immunoagent+for+cancer+therapy.">Human anti-nucleolin recombinant immunoagent for cancer therapy.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (30), 9418-9423 (2015).</li><li>Pichiorri, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+NCL+targeting+affects+breast+cancer+aggressiveness+through+miRNA+regulation.">In vivo NCL targeting affects breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation.</a> Journal of Experimental Medicine. 210 (5), 951-968 (2013).</li><li>Hou, S., McCauley, L. K., Ma, P. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+erosion+properties+of+PEG-containing+polyanhydrides.">Synthesis and erosion properties of PEG-containing polyanhydrides.</a> Macromolecular Bioscience. 7 (5), 620-628 (2007).</li><li>Nie, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Injectable+Vaginal+Hydrogels+as+a+Multi-Drug+Carrier+for+Contraception.">Injectable Vaginal Hydrogels as a Multi-Drug Carrier for Contraception.</a> Applied Sciences. 9 (8), 1638 (2019).</li><li>Zou, P., Suo, J., Nie, L., Feng, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature-responsive+biodegradable+star-shaped+block+copolymers+for+vaginal+gels.">Temperature-responsive biodegradable star-shaped block copolymers for vaginal gels.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry. 22 (13), 6316-6326 (2012).</li><li>Etrych, T., &#352;ubr, V., Laga, R., &#344;&#237;hov&#225;, B., Ulbrich, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymer+conjugates+of+doxorubicin+bound+through+an+amide+and+hydrazone+bond:+Impact+of+the+carrier+structure+onto+synergistic+action+in+the+treatment+of+solid+tumours.">Polymer conjugates of doxorubicin bound through an amide and hydrazone bond: Impact of the carrier structure onto synergistic action in the treatment of solid tumours.</a> European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 58, 1-12 (2014).</li><li>Safari, F., Tamaddon, A. 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Lo spettro 1H NMR (Figura 2) conferma la sintesi riuscita del copolimero CT-PEG e del copolimero PEI-g-PEG. I pesi molecolari di PEG e PEI erano rispettivamente 1.000 e 1.200. Inoltre, il sistema catalitico EDC/NHS è stato utilizzato per sintetizzare il copolimero PEI-g-PEG attraverso reazioni di ammide. Va notato che se i pesi molecolari di PEG e PEI sono cambiati per sintetizzare il copolimero PEI-g-PEG, allora il tempo di reazione e il sistema catalitico devono essere rivaluta...

Essendo il principale problema di salute pubblica in tutto il mondo, il cancro è ampiamente caratterizzato come avente un basso tasso di cura, un alto tasso di recidiva e un alto tassodi mortalità 1,2. Gli attuali metodi anti-cancro convenzionali includono chirurgia, chemioterapia e radioterapia3, tra cui la chemioterapia è il trattamento primario per i pazienti oncologici nella clinica4. I farmaci antitumorali usati clinicamente includono principalmente paclitaxel (PTX)5 e doxorubicina (DOX)6,7. Dox, un farmaco antineoplastico, è stato ampiamente applicato nella chemioterapia clinica, a causa dei vantaggi della citotossicità del cancro e dell'inibizione della proliferazione delle celluletumorali 8,9. Tuttavia, DOX causa cardiotossicità 10,11e la breve emiprotezione di DOX ne limita l'applicazione nella clinica12. Pertanto, i portatori di farmaci degradabili sono necessari per caricare DOX e rilasciare in modo sottoequente in modo controllato in un'area mirata.
Le nanoparticelle sono state ampiamente utilizzate in sistemi mirati di somministrazione di farmaci e hanno diversi vantaggi nel trattamento del cancro (ad esempio, rapporto superficie/volume bilmente ridotto, piccole dimensioni, capacità di incapsulare vari farmaci e chimica delle superfici tonnibili, ecc.) 13,14,15. In particolare, le nanoparticelle d'oro (AuNPs) sono state ampiamente utilizzate in applicazioni biologiche e biomediche, come la terapia del cancro fototermico16,17. Le proprietà uniche degli AuNP, come la facile sintesi e la funzionalizzazione generale della superficie, hanno ottime prospettive nel campo clinico della terapia del cancro18. Inoltre, gli AuNP sono stati utilizzati per identificare le strategie di somministrazione dei farmaci, diagnosticare i tumori e superare la resistenza inmolti studi 19,20.
Nonostante ciò, gli AuRP devono essere ulteriormente personalizzati per superare la resistenza ai farmaci attraverso un elevato rilascio locale di lesioni tumorali attraverso una maggiore permeazione e ritenzione (EPR), come le proprietà di targeting e accessibilità. Gli AuRP funzionalizzati polimerici hanno mostrato vantaggi unici, come una migliore solubilità in acqua dei farmaci anticancro idrofobici e un tempo di circolazioneprolungato 21,22. Vari polimeri biocompatibili sono stati utilizzati per rivestimenti AuNP, come polietilene glicole (PEG), polietileneimina (PEI), acido ialuronico, eparina e gomma di xantano. Quindi la stabilità, così come il carico utile, degli AuNP è migliorata ben23. In particolare, pei è un polimero altamente ramificato composto da molte unità ripetute di ammine primarie, secondarie e terziarie24. PEI ha un'eccellente solubilità, bassa viscosità e un alto grado di funzionalità, adatto per il rivestimento su AuNPs.
D'altra parte, i farmaci anti-cancro devono essere consegnati alle cellule tumorali direttamente con una migliore efficienza di carico e con una minore tossicità per il trattamento dei tumori metastatici primari eavanzati 25. I ligandi mirati hanno un grande potenziale per i sistemi di somministrazione mirati ai farmaci anti-cancro26. La sua selettività per il legame con molecole bersaglio conferisce un farmaco anti-cancro mirato alla specificità e aumenta l'arricchimento dei farmaci nei tessutimalati 27. Altri ligandi includono anticorpi, polipeptidi e piccole molecole. Rispetto ad altri ligandi, gli aptameri di acido nucleico possono essere sintetizzati in vitro e sono facili da modificare. AS1411 è un oligonucleotide fosfodiestere da 26 bp non modificato che forma una struttura G-tetramero dimerica stabile per legarsi specificamente a un recettore delle proteine nucleari bersaglio sovraespressosulle cellule tumorali 28,29,30. AS1411 inibisce la proliferazione di molte cellule tumorali ma non influisce sulla crescita delle cellulesane 31,32. Di conseguenza, AS1411 è stato utilizzato per fabbricare un sistema di somministrazione di farmaci mirato ideale.
In questo studio, un copolimero PEI-g-PEG viene sintetizzato attraverso una reazione ammide, quindi vengono fabbricate nanoparticelle d'oro rivestite di copolimero PEI-g-PEG (PEI-g-PEG@AuNPs). Inoltre, DOX e AS1411 sono collegati in sequenza al pei-g-PEG@AuNPs preparato, come illustrato nella figura 1. Questo protocollo dettagliato ha lo scopo di aiutare i ricercatori a evitare molte delle insidie comuni associate alla fabbricazione di nuovi PEI-g-PEG@AuNPs caricati con DOX e AS1411.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4-Dimethylaminopyridine</td>
			<td>Macklin</td>
			<td>D807273</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A549 cell</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>ATCC CCL-185TM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AS1411</td>
			<td>BBI Life Sciences Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#39;-d (TTTGGTGGTGGTGGTTGTGGTGGTGGTGG) FL-AS1411 (fluorophore-labeled AS1411)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrous Tetrahydrofuran (THF)</td>
			<td>SinoPharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>96992-500TESTS-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dichloromethane</td>
			<td>Traditional Chinese medicine</td>
			<td>80047318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethyl ether (Et2O)</td>
			<td>SinoPharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide</td>
			<td>Macklin</td>
			<td>D806645</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s modified Eagle&#39;s medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Doxorubicin hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Rhawn</td>
			<td>R017518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ether absolute</td>
			<td>Traditional Chinese medicine</td>
			<td>80059618</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope</td>
			<td>FEI Company</td>
			<td>Tecnai G2 F 20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate</td>
			<td>Rhawn</td>
			<td>R016035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laser Particle-size Instrument</td>
			<td>Malvern Instruments Ltd</td>
			<td>ZetasizerNanoZS/Masterszer3000E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate Reader</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>SpectraMax 190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N&#39;-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Macklin</td>
			<td>N808856</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Hydroxysuccinimide</td>
			<td>Macklin</td>
			<td>H6231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NMR software</td>
			<td>Delta 5.2.1</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer</td>
			<td>JEOL</td>
			<td>JNM-ECZ600R/S3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Origin 8.5</td>
			<td>OriginLab</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>V900929-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4417-100TAB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(ethylene glycol)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>81188</td>
			<td>BioUltra, average Mn ~ 1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly (ethyleneimine) solution</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>482595</td>
			<td>average Mn ~ 1200, 50 wt.% in H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium borohydride, powder</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td>C18930</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>85886-10ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Succinic anhydride</td>
			<td>Traditional Chinese medicine</td>
			<td>30171826</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td>Traditional Chinese medicine</td>
			<td>40058161</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triethylamine</td>
			<td>Traditional Chinese medicine</td>
			<td>80134318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Lambda950</td>
			<td>Lambda950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Thermo&#8194;Fisher&#8194;Scientific</td>
			<td>K-ALPHA 0.5EV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of aptamer-pei-g-peg modified gold nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin for targeted drug delivery

A causa della resistenza ai farmaci e della tossicità nelle cellule sane, l'uso di doxorubicina (DOX) è stato limitato nella terapia clinica del cancro. Questo protocollo descrive la progettazione di poli(etilenimina) innestate con polietilene glicole (PEI-g-PEG) copolimero funzionalizzato nanoparticelle d'oro (AuNPs) con aptamero caricato (AS1411) e DOX attraverso reazioni ammide. AS1411 è specificamente legato con recettori mirati della nucleolina sulle cellule tumorali in modo che il DOX si ritrae contro le cellule tumorali anziché le cellule sane. In primo luogo, PEG viene carbossilato, quindi innestato in PEI ramificata per ottenere un copolimero PEI-g-PEG, che è confermato dall'analisi NMR 1H. Successivamente, vengono sintetizzati nanoparticelle d'oro rivestite di copolimero PEI-g-PEG@AuNPs) e DOX e AS1411 sono covalentemente legati agli AuNP gradualmente attraverso reazioni ammide. Il diametro dell'AS1411-g-DOX-g-PEI-g-PEG@AuNPs preparato è di ~39,9 nm, con un potenziale zeta di -29,3 mV, indicando che le nanoparticelle sono stabili in acqua e mezzo cellulare. I test di citotossicità cellulare mostrano che gli AuNP caricati da DOX di nuova progettatezza sono in grado di uccidere le cellule tumorali (A549). Questa sintesi dimostra la delicata disposizione di copolimeri, aptameri e DOX PEI-g-PEG sugli AuRP che si ottengono con reazioni sequenziali di ammide. Tali ADUL funzionalizzati aptamer-PEI-g-PEG forniscono una piattaforma promettente per la somministrazione mirata di farmaci in terapia oncologica.

1 ) La commissione per la La spettroscopia H NMR è stata utilizzata per confermare la sintesi riuscita del polimero CT-PEG e dei copolimeri PEI-g-PEG (Figura 2). La figura 2a mostra che il segnale protonico di metilene a δ = 3,61 ppm e il segnale protonico carbossile a δ = 2,57 ppm confermano la sintesi riuscita dei polimeri CT-PEG. La figura 2b mostra che il segnale protonico di metilene di PEG a...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Aptamer-PEI-g-PEG Modified Gold Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin for Targeted Drug Delivery at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Aptamer-PEI-g-PEG Modified Gold Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin for Targeted Drug Delivery

In questo protocollo, le nanoparticelle d'oro modificate AS1411-g-PEI-g-PEG caricate con doxorubicina vengono sintetizzati tramite reazioni di ammide in tre step. Quindi, la doxorubicina viene caricata e consegnata alle cellule tumorali bersaglio per la terapia del cancro.

Sintesi di Nanoparticelle d'oro modificate Aptamer-PEI-g-PEG Caricate con doxorubicina per la consegna mirata di farmaci

Due to drug resistance and toxicity in healthy cells, use of doxorubicin (DOX) has been limited in clinical cancer therapy. This protocol describes the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

Modello Regia Sintesi di nanotubi d&#39;oro plasmoniche con Tunable Assorbanza IR

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

Ricerca

Chimica

Preparation and Characterization of SDF-1&#945;-Chitosan-Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles

Preparation and Characterization of SDF-1ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â±-Chitosan-Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles

Preparazione e caratterizzazione di SDF-1α-Chitosan-Destrano solfato nanoparticelle

Chitosan (CS) and dextran sulfate (DS) are charged polysaccharides (glycans), which form polyelectrolyte complex-based nanoparticles when mixed under ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Un metodo semplice per la dimensione sintesi controllata di stabili oligomeriche Grappoli di oro nanoparticelle in condizioni ambientali

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocollo per la sintesi di<em&gt; Ortho</em&gt; Derivati ​​all&#39;anilina -trifluoromethoxylated

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Idrochinone Based Sintesi di oro Nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Modificare il metodo di precipitazione chimica per la sintesi di Nb2O5 catalizzatori di nichel Bulk con elevata superficie specifica

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Segnale Nanosonda rapido aumento di sintesi di nanoparticelle di oro In Situ

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...

Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Dithiolane Modified Self-Assembling Peptides

Sintesi e caratterizzazione di 1,2-Dithiolane per volta peptidi autoassemblanti

This report focuses on the synthesis of an N-terminus 1,2-dithiolane modified self-assembling peptide and the characterization of the resulting ...

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Sali fusi sintesi di nanoparticelle di ossido di metallo complesso

The development of feasible synthesis methods is critical for the successful exploration of novel properties and potential applications of nanomaterials. ...

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

Meticolosina Sistemi colatori di blocchi biocompatibili per la consegna mirata del DNA plasmide

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization integrates the advantages of radical polymerization and living polymerization. This ...