这项研究由中国自然科学基金（81772423）、宁波大学黄麦格纳基金、中国国家重点研发项目（2018YFF0300903）主办。

从受试者获得书面知情同意，考试程序得到大学道德委员会的批准。所有参与者都被告知了审判的要求和过程。
1. 实验室准备
<ol><li>在校准过程中，关闭灯并移除其他可能反射的物体。确保正确放置八台摄像机，并清晰查看，无需反射。</li>
	<li>打开 Vicon Nexus 1.8.5 程序，然后初始化摄像机。选择系统|本地系统|资源窗格中的 MX 摄?...

<ol>
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Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Running+from+Paris+to+Beijing:+biomechanical+and+physiological+consequences.">Running from Paris to Beijing: biomechanical and physiological consequences.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 107 (6), 731-738 (2009).</li><li>Mizrahi, J., Verbitsky, O., Isakov, E., Daily, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+fatigue+on+leg+kinematics+and+impact+acceleration+in+long+distance+running.">Effect of fatigue on leg kinematics and impact acceleration in long distance running.</a> Human Movement Science. 19 (2), 139-151 (2000).</li><li>Bisiaux, M., Moretto, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+fatigue+on+plantar+pressure+distribution+in+walking.">The effects of fatigue on plantar pressure distribution in walking.</a> Gait &amp; Posture. 28 (4), (2008).</li><li>Dierks, T. 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本研究比较了长跑对业余跑步者下肢生物力学特性的影响。结果发现，脚踝扭伤和膝盖诱拐的峰值角度在5公里长跑后增加，这与先前的研究17一致。研究表明，脚踝过度的转化率和电子化速度是增加脚踝受伤风险,的重要因素。毫不奇怪，膝盖ROM增加在TR的5公里运行，因为研究表明，膝盖运动学是影响长跑15，17。,...

跑步是全世界最受欢迎的运动。有大量的个人运行，这个数字每年大幅增加1。有人建议，参加包括跑步在内的定期运动可以促进健康，降低心血管疾病的风险，从而延长2、3、4,3,的寿命。尽管跑步对健康有显著益处，但跑步伤害的发病率在5、6年从25%,增加到83%。有一些与跑步相关的风险，特别是下肢，这主要集中在肌肉骨骼损伤7。大多数常见的跑步相关损伤都与骨伤、脚踝扭伤、胸椎应力性骨折和植物性筋膜炎有关。跑步损伤可能由许多因素诱发，如不正确的脚击图案，不正确的鞋选择，和其他个别的生物力学因素9。例如，用脚跟打击模式跑步可以导致更大的促进，并伴随着更大的植物压力在脚的中侧，这可能会导致更高的风险，阿喀琉斯肌腱病和疼痛10。此外，以前有报道说，膝盖内部旋转较大的跑步与11岁女选手的伊利奥比亚尔带综合征有关，尤其是在长跑时。
动力学、运动学和时空成分的参数可以提供步态生物力学的精确分析，目前被认为是临床步态分析的重要参数。较低的垂直地面反应力和较大的冲击加速度在长跑13，14后被重新编码。更高的臀部偏移和较小的膝盖弯曲也被发现与疲劳的肌肉15，和增加步幅频率可能会导致减少步幅长度13，16。,16
然而，由于大多数研究测量了跑步后的生物力学变异，因此尚未对下肢在初始和末期运行阶段的生物力学特征变化进行充分分析。此外，只有少数研究使用标准的实验室技术来评估长跑对业余跑步者步态生物力学变化的影响。导致跑步受伤的主要因素尚不清楚。因此，为了揭示长跑导致下肢损伤的根本原因，本研究旨在比较业余跑步者在跑步机5公里跑步中，IR和TR阶段之间的下肢生物力学变化。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:659px;" width="657">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col span="2" />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">14 mm Diameter Passive Retro-reflective Marker</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td style="width:221px;">n=22</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Double Adhesive Tape</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>For fixing markers to skin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Heart Rate</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Garmin, HRM3-SS, China</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>Detection of fatigue state</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">Motion Tracking Cameras</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>n= 8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;width:216px;">T-Frame</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Treadmill</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Smart Run,China</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Subject run on the treadmill for all the process.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;width:216px;">Valid Dongle</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>Vicon Nexus 1.4.116</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Vicon Datastation ADC</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comparative analysis of lower limb kinematics between the initial and terminal  phase  of 5km treadmill running

跑步有益于身体健康，但也伴有许多损伤。然而，导致跑步受伤的主要因素仍然无法解释。本研究调查了长跑对下肢运动变量的影响，并比较了5公里跑步的初始（IR）和终端相（TR）之间的下肢运动差异。10名业余跑步者以10公里/小时的速度在跑步机上跑步。动态运动数据分别收集在IR（0.5公里）和TR（5公里）的阶段。本实验中记录了峰值角度、峰值角速度和运动范围。主要结果表明：在TR中，脚踝的转化率和膝盖的诱拐性有所提高;在TR的正面平面上，脚踝和膝盖的ROM比IR增加;与红外相比，在TR中发现脚踝多西反射和臀部交联的峰值角速度较大。长跑期间的这些变化可能会提供一些具体细节，以探索跑步受伤的潜在原因。

结果表明，在下垂平面上观察到脚踝和臀部的峰值角度没有差异。与红外相比，TR的脚踝和膝关节的峰值角度显著增加。与红外形成对比的TR中发现较大的内部臀部角。然而，TR在臀部诱拐、脚踝交行和膝关节交行方面的峰值角度比IR小（图2）。
在下垂平面中，与 TR 相比，脚踝和膝盖的 ROM 在 IR 中显著增加。在正面平面中，与红外相比，TR 中的臀部 ROM ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal  Phase  of 5km Treadmill Running at JoVE.com

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal  Phase  of 5km Treadmill Running

本研究调查了5公里跑步机运行的初始和末期之间下肢运动变量的生物力学特性。在初始阶段（0.5公里）和终点相（5公里）的跑步机上，使用三维运动采集系统收集了10名跑步者的下肢运动数据。

5公里跑步机跑步初始和末期下肢运动学的比较分析

Running is beneficial for physical health, but it is also accompanied by many injuries. However, the main factors leading to running injury remain ...

此方法可用于调查第二个问题，由所有者化学变化发生在自然界和关闭阶段或长距离工作在业余跑步者。此技术的一些优点是，它可以提供有关如何探索导致跑步损伤的潜在因素的具体细节。要校准分析软件，请关闭实验室中的灯并移除任何可能反射的物体。将八台摄像机放在实验区周围的适当位置，以便它们可以清晰地查看动作，而不会反射。要与摄像机接合，请打开软件并在资源窗格中选择系统、本地系统和 MX 摄像机。将 T 框架放在捕获区域的中心。选择系统的所有摄像机并选择 2D 模式。确认 T 帧位于摄像机视图中，没有任何干扰点，并选择系统准备。在 T 帧下拉列表中，选择五个标记棒和 T 帧校准对象。在系统准备工具窗格中，单击蒙版摄像机中的"开始"按钮并校准 MX 摄像机部分。校准过程完成后，进度条将恢复为零。要建立坐标的原点，请将 T 帧放在摄像机视野的中心和工具窗格中，单击设置音量原点部分中的"开始"按钮，然后将跑步机定位在测试区中心的所有八个摄像机的视野的中心。在执行分析之前，请对受试者的实验过程进行一个示例解释，并让受试者完成调查问卷。获得书面同意后，记录受试者身高、下肢长度、膝盖宽度和角度，以毫米为单位，以公斤为单位记录受试者体重。获得所有测量后，将一个反射标记各放在前上部脊柱、后上侧腹椎、侧中大腿、侧膝、侧膝中柄、侧腹中柄、第二骨质头和钙化物处。然后在第二个骨质头部和钙化物上放置标记，在袜子和鞋子的相应解剖点上放置标记，然后用一个轻的跑步和伸展五分钟来预热主体。要对标记进行静态校准，请单击工具栏上的数据管理按钮并选择数据管理。在新的数据库选项卡下，选择位置，描述试验名称和临床模板，然后单击"创建"。在打开的数据库窗口中，选择创建的数据库的名称。在打开的界面中，单击绿色新患者分类按钮、黄色新患者按钮和灰色新会话按钮创建新实验。在 Nexus 窗格中，单击主题以创建新的主题数据集并选择试用模型。在属性窗格中，填写所有测量测量值，然后单击"上线"。选择水平分割，然后选择图形以检查轨迹计数。若要捕获静态模型，在"捕获工具"窗格中，单击此主题捕获部分中的"开始"，并在透视窗格中查看捕获标记。若要创建捕获标记的 3D 图像，请单击工具窗格中的管道按钮并选择运行重建管道并手动标记此静态模型。完成标识后，保存并按"逃生"退出。在工具栏中，选择主题准备和主题校准，然后从下拉列表中选择静塞门选项。然后在静态设置窗格中，选择左脚和右脚。单击"开始"并保存静态模型。要开始动态试用，请在软件中选择捕获，然后选择试用类型和会话。填了试注说明后，现在主体戴上心脏监测仪。并要求在跑步机上热身，以每小时8公里的速度步行一分钟。在预热期结束时，主体以每小时10公里的速度运行4分钟，分别记录5点和5公里距离点运动运行数据40秒。在动态试用结束时，单击"停止"以结束集合。对于运动处理，请打开数据管理窗口并双击试用名。单击工具栏中的运行重建管道和标签按钮以重建标记点位置，并在透视窗口中移动时间栏上的蓝色三角形以设置所需时间范围。移动时间线的视图，以便仅显示所选范围。单击时间栏，然后单击缩放到感兴趣的区域。接下来，选择标签按钮以标识和检查静态识别过程所演示的标签点，并补充任何不完整的标识点。在主体校准窗格中，选择栅极中的动态插头。然后单击"开始"按钮以运行数据，然后以三种 CD 格式导出材料试用，以进行后期处理。在此代表性分析中，在下垂平面上未观察到脚踝或臀部的峰值角度差异。与初始相相比，前平面中脚踝和膝关节的峰值角度在终点相显著增加，而在终点相测量到较大的内臀角。然而，在横向平面中，终端相在臀部诱拐和角度和膝盖旋转时呈现较小的峰值角。在下垂平面中，与终点相相比，脚踝和膝盖的运动范围在初始阶段显著增加。在前部平面中，与初始相相比，在终端阶段，臀部运动范围显著下降。而脚踝和膝盖的运动范围在末期增加。在横向平面中，与初始相相比，在终端阶段，膝盖运动范围明显较低。但是在脚踝或臀部的运动范围内没有观察到差异。确保标记不会从分析中脱落是此过程最重要的方面。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Assessing Forelimb Function after Unilateral Cervical SCI using Novel Tasks: Limb Step-alternation, Postural Instability and Pasta Handling

采用新型任务评估前肢功能单侧颈脊髓损伤后：肢体步交替，姿势不稳和面食处理

Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) can cause devastating neurological deficits, including impairment or loss of upper limb and hand function. A majority ...

科研

行为学

A Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress for Understanding Stress-induced Behavioral and Physiological Deficits

亚慢性和温和的社会失败应激的小鼠模型理解应激诱导行为和生理赤字

Stressful life events often increase the incidence of depression in humans. To study the mechanisms of depression, the development of animal models of ...

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

The Treadmill Fatigue Test: A Simple, High-throughput Assay of Fatigue-like Behavior for the Mouse

跑步机疲劳试验：疲劳类似的行为，为鼠标操作简单，高通量检测

Fatigue is a prominent symptom in many diseases and disorders and reduces quality of life for many people. The lack of clear pathogenesis and failure of ...

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

用分体式跑步机评价人类运动适应的泛化

Understanding the mechanisms underlying locomotor learning helps researchers and clinicians optimize gait retraining as part of motor rehabilitation. ...

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

运用金本位步态分析法评估下肢慢跑和跑步时的低肢力学经验效应

A limited number of studies have explored lower-limb biomechanics during high-heeled jogging and running, and most studies have failed to clarify the ...

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

脊髓损伤后下肢电刺激训练的模式

Skeletal muscle atrophy, increased adiposity and reduced physical activity are key changes observed after spinal cord injury (SCI) and are associated with ...

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are ...

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

虚拟现实中运动捕捉系统的日常生活运动运动学测量

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based ...

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice

老年小鼠短期高强度间隔训练与跑步机评价

High intensity interval training (HIIT) is emerging as a therapeutic approach to prevent, delay, or ameliorate frailty. In particular short session HIIT, ...