Name: culturing rat sympathetic neurons from embryonic superior cervical ganglia for morphological and proteomic analysis
Uploaded: 2020-09-27T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culturing Rat Sympathetic Neurons from Embryonic Superior Cervical Ganglia for Morphological and Proteomic Analysis at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Faculty Development Fund and Summer Research Program grant at Saint Mary&#8217;s College of California. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Pamela Lein at University of California at Davis and Dr. Anthony Iavarone at UC Berkeley Mass spectrometry facility for their advice during the development of these protocols. The authors would also like to thank Haley Nelson in the Office of College Communications at Saint Mary&#8217;s College of California for her help with video production and editing.

All procedures performed in studies involving animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Saint Mary&#8217;s College of California. The animal care and use guidelines at Saint Mary&#8217;s College were developed based on the guidelines provided by Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare at the National Institute for Health (https://olaw.nih.gov/sites/default/files/PHSPolicyLabAnimals.pdf and https://olaw.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Guide-for-the-Care-and-Use-of-Laboratory-Animals.pdf)....

<ol>
	<li>Rees, R. P., Bunge, M. B., Bunge, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphological+Changes+in+the+neuritic+growth+cone+and+target+neuron+during+synaptic+junction+development+in+culture.">Morphological Changes in the neuritic growth cone and target neuron during synaptic junction development in culture.</a> Journal of Cell Biology. 9, (1976).</li><li>Chandrasekaran, V., Lein, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Dendritogenesis+in+Sympathetic+Neurons.">Regulation of Dendritogenesis in Sympathetic Neurons.</a> Autonomic Nervous System. , (2018).</li><li>Higgins, D., Burack, M., Lein, P., Banker, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+neuronal+polarity.">Mechanisms of neuronal polarity.</a> Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 7 (5), 599-604 (1997).</li><li>Lein, P., Guo, X., Hedges, A. M., Rueger, D., Johnson, M., Higgins, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+Extracellular+Matrix+And+Osteogenic+Protein-1+on+the+morphological+differentiation+of+rat+sympathetic+neurons.">The effects of Extracellular Matrix And Osteogenic Protein-1 on the morphological differentiation of rat sympathetic neurons.</a> International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. 14 (3), 203-215 (1996).</li><li>Kobayashi, M., Fujii, M., Kurihara, K., Matsuoka, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+morphogenetic+protein-2+and+retinoic+acid+induce+neurotrophin-3+responsiveness+in+developing+rat+sympathetic+neurons.">Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and retinoic acid induce neurotrophin-3 responsiveness in developing rat sympathetic neurons.</a> Molecular Brain Research. 53 (1-2), 206-217 (1998).</li><li>Burnham, P., Louis, J. C., Magal, E., Varon, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+ciliary+neurotrophic+factor+on+the+survival+and+response+to+nerve+growth+factor+of+cultured+rat+sympathetic+neurons.">Effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor on the survival and response to nerve growth factor of cultured rat sympathetic neurons.</a> Developmental Biology. 161 (1), 96-106 (1994).</li><li>Hou, X. E., Li, J. Y., Dahlstr&#246;m, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clathrin+light+chain+and+synaptotagmin+I+in+rat+sympathetic+neurons.">Clathrin light chain and synaptotagmin I in rat sympathetic neurons.</a> Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System. 62 (1-2), 13-26 (1997).</li><li>Harris, G. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nerve+Guidance+by+a+Decellularized+Fibroblast+Extracellular+Matrix.">Nerve Guidance by a Decellularized Fibroblast Extracellular Matrix.</a> Matrix Biology. , 176-189 (2017).</li><li>Wingerd, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&#945;4+integrins+and+vascular+cell+adhesion+molecule-1+play+a+role+in+sympathetic+innervation+of+the+heart.">&#945;4 integrins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 play a role in sympathetic innervation of the heart.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (24), 10772-10780 (2002).</li><li>Higgins, D., Lein, P., Osterhout, D. J., Johnson, M., Banker, G., Goslin, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+culture+of+autonomic+neurons.">Tissue culture of autonomic neurons.</a> Culturing Nerve Cells. , 177-205 (1991).</li><li>Lein, P., Johnson, M., Guo, X., Rueger, D., Higgins, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenic+protein-1+induces+dendritic+growth+in+rat+sympathetic+neurons.">Osteogenic protein-1 induces dendritic growth in rat sympathetic neurons.</a> Neuron. 15 (3), 597-605 (1995).</li><li>Bruckenstein, D. A., Higgins, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphological+differentiation+of+embryonic+rat+sympathetic+neurons+in+tissue+culture.">Morphological differentiation of embryonic rat sympathetic neurons in tissue culture.</a> Developmental Biology. 128 (2), 337-348 (1988).</li><li>Voyvodic, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+regulation+of+dendrites+in+the+rat+superior+cervical+ganglion.">Development and regulation of dendrites in the rat superior cervical ganglion.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 7 (3), 904-912 (1987).</li><li>Garred, M. M., Wang, M. M., Guo, X., Harrington, C. A., Lein, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+Responses+of+Cultured+Rat+Sympathetic+Neurons+during+BMP-7-Induced+Dendritic+Growth.">Transcriptional Responses of Cultured Rat Sympathetic Neurons during BMP-7-Induced Dendritic Growth.</a> PLoS ONE. 6 (7), 21754 (2011).</li><li>Pravoverov, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNAs+are+Necessary+for+BMP-7-induced+Dendritic+Growth+in+Cultured+Rat+Sympathetic+Neurons.">MicroRNAs are Necessary for BMP-7-induced Dendritic Growth in Cultured Rat Sympathetic Neurons.</a> Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 39 (7), 917-934 (2019).</li><li>Natera-Naranjo, O., Aschrafi, A., Gioio, A. E., Kaplan, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+quantitative+analyses+of+microRNAs+located+in+the+distal+axons+of+sympathetic+neurons.">Identification and quantitative analyses of microRNAs located in the distal axons of sympathetic neurons.</a> RNA (New York, N.Y.). 16 (8), 1516-1529 (2010).</li><li>Aschrafi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiotensin+II+mediates+the+axonal+trafficking+of+tyrosine+hydroxylase+and+dopamine+&#946;-hydroxylase+mRNAs+and+enhances+norepinephrine+synthesis+in+primary+sympathetic+neurons.">Angiotensin II mediates the axonal trafficking of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine &#946;-hydroxylase mRNAs and enhances norepinephrine synthesis in primary sympathetic neurons.</a> Journal of Neurochemistry. 150 (6), 666-677 (2019).</li><li>Ghogha, A., Bruun, D. a., Lein, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inducing+dendritic+growth+in+cultured+sympathetic+neurons.">Inducing dendritic growth in cultured sympathetic neurons.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (61), 4-8 (2012).</li><li>Caceres, A., Banker, G., Steward, O., Binder, L., Payne, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MAP2+is+localized+to+the+dendrites+of+hippocampal+neurons+which+develop+in+culture.">MAP2 is localized to the dendrites of hippocampal neurons which develop in culture.</a> Brain Research. 315 (2), 314-318 (1984).</li><li>Guo, X., Rueger, D., Higgins, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenic+protein-1+and+related+bone+morphogenetic+proteins+regulate+dendritic+growth+and+the+expression+of+microtubule-associated+protein-2+in+rat+sympathetic+neurons.">Osteogenic protein-1 and related bone morphogenetic proteins regulate dendritic growth and the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 in rat sympathetic neurons.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 245 (3), 131-134 (1998).</li><li>Mi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PANTHER+version+11:+Expanded+annotation+data+from+Gene+Ontology+and+Reactome+pathways,+and+data+analysis+tool+enhancements.">PANTHER version 11: Expanded annotation data from Gene Ontology and Reactome pathways, and data analysis tool enhancements.</a> Nucleic Acids Research. 45, 183-189 (2017).</li><li>Chandrasekaran, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid+regulates+the+morphological+development+of+sympathetic+neurons.">Retinoic acid regulates the morphological development of sympathetic neurons.</a> Journal of Neurobiology. 42 (4), (2000).</li><li>Courter, L. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BMP7-induced+dendritic+growth+in+sympathetic+neurons+requires+p75+NTR+signaling.">BMP7-induced dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons requires p75 NTR signaling.</a> Developmental Neurobiology. 76 (9), 1003-1013 (2016).</li><li>Lein, P. J., Fryer, A. D., Higgins, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Culture:+Autonomic+and+Enteric+Neurons.">Cell Culture: Autonomic and Enteric Neurons.</a> Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. , 625-632 (2009).</li><li>Neto, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compartmentalized+Microfluidic+Platforms:+The+Unrivaled+Breakthrough+of+In+vitro+Tools+for+Neurobiological+Research.">Compartmentalized Microfluidic Platforms: The Unrivaled Breakthrough of In vitro Tools for Neurobiological Research.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (46), 11573-11584 (2016).</li><li>Sleigh, J. N., Weir, G. A., Schiavo, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple,+step-by-step+dissection+protocol+for+the+rapid+isolation+of+mouse+dorsal+root+ganglia.">A simple, step-by-step dissection protocol for the rapid isolation of mouse dorsal root ganglia.</a> BMC Research Notes. 9 (1), 82 (2016).</li><li>Conrad, R., Jablonka, S., Sczepan, T., Sendtner, M., Wiese, S., Klausmeyer, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lectin-based+isolation+and+culture+of+mouse+embryonic+motoneurons.">Lectin-based isolation and culture of mouse embryonic motoneurons.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (55), e3200 (2011).</li><li>Takeuchi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfabricated+device+for+co-culture+of+sympathetic+neuron+and+iPS-derived+cardiomyocytes.">Microfabricated device for co-culture of sympathetic neuron and iPS-derived cardiomyocytes.</a> Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS. 2013, 3817-3820 (2013).</li><li>Takeuchi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+semi-separated+co-culture+system+of+sympathetic+neuron+and+cardiomyocyte.">Development of semi-separated co-culture system of sympathetic neuron and cardiomyocyte.</a> Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine, EMBC 2009. , 1832-1835 (2009).</li><li>Chandrasekaran, V., Lea, C., Sosa, J. C., Higgins, D., Lein, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactive+oxygen+species+are+involved+in+BMP-induced+dendritic+growth+in+cultured+rat+sympathetic+neurons.">Reactive oxygen species are involved in BMP-induced dendritic growth in cultured rat sympathetic neurons.</a> Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. 67, (2015).</li><li>Kim, W. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Statins+decrease+dendritic+arborization+in+rat+sympathetic+neurons+by+blocking+RhoA+activation.">Statins decrease dendritic arborization in rat sympathetic neurons by blocking RhoA activation.</a> Journal of Neurochemistry. 108 (4), 1057-1071 (2009).</li><li>Dalby, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+transfection+with+Lipofectamine+2000+reagent:+Primary+neurons,+siRNA,+and+high-throughput+applications.">Advanced transfection with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent: Primary neurons, siRNA, and high-throughput applications.</a> Methods. 33 (2), 95-103 (2004).</li><li>Szpara, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+gene+expression+during+neurite+outgrowth+and+regeneration.">Analysis of gene expression during neurite outgrowth and regeneration.</a> BMC Neuroscience. 8 (1), 100 (2007).</li><li>Pop, C., Mogosan, C., Loghin, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+rapigest+efficacy+for+the+digestion+of+proteins+from+cell+cultures+and+heart+tissue.">Evaluation of rapigest efficacy for the digestion of proteins from cell cultures and heart tissue.</a> Clujul Medical. 87 (4), 5 (2014).</li><li>Vit, O., Petrak, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integral+membrane+proteins+in+proteomics.+How+to+break+open+the+black+box.">Integral membrane proteins in proteomics. How to break open the black box.</a> Journal of Proteomics. 153, 8-20 (2017).</li></ol>

This paper describes the protocols for culturing sympathetic neurons from superior cervical ganglia of embryonic rat pups. The advantages of using this model system are that it is possible to obtain a homogeneous population of neurons providing a similar response to growth factors, and since the growth factor requirements for these neurons has been well -characterized, it is possible to grow these neurons in vitro in defined media, under serum-free conditions10. Although the protocol describes the...

Sympathetic neurons derived from embryonic superior cervical ganglia (SCG) have been widely used as a primary neuronal culture system for studying many aspects of neuronal development including growth factor dependence, neuron-target interactions, neurotransmitter signaling, axonal growth, dendrite development and plasticity, synaptogenesis and signaling mechanisms underlying nerve-target/neuron-glia interactions1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Despite their small size (around 10000 neurons/ganglia), there are three main reasons for the development and extensive use of this culture system are i) being the first ganglia in the sympathetic chain, they are larger, and therefore easier to isolate, than the rest of the sympathetic ganglia10; ii) unlike central neurons, the neurons in the SCG are fairly homogeneous with all the neurons being derived from the neural crest, having a similar size, dependence on nerve growth factor and being nor-adrenergic. This makes them a valuable model for morphological and genomic studies10,11 and iii) these neurons can be maintained in a defined serum-free medium containing nerve growth factor for over a month10,12. Perinatal SCG neurons have been extensively used for studying the mechanisms underlying the initiation and maintenance of dendrites2. This is mainly because, although SCG neurons have an extensive dendritic arbor in vivo, they do not extend dendrites in vitro in the absence of serum but can be induced to grow dendrites in the presence of certain growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins2,12,13.
This paper describes the protocol for isolating and culturing embryonic rat SCG neurons. Over the past 50 years, primary neuronal cultures from the SCG have been mainly used for morphological studies with a limited number of studies examining the large-scale genomic or proteomic changes. This is mainly due to small tissue size resulting in the isolation of low amounts of DNA or protein, which makes it difficult to perform genomic and proteomic analyses on these neurons. However, in recent years, increased detection sensitivity has enabled development of methods to examine the genome, miRNome and proteome in the SCG neurons during dendritic growth development14,15,16,17. This paper will also describe the method for morphological analysis of these neurons using immunocytochemistry and a protocol to obtain neuronal protein extracts for mass spectrometric analysis.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2D nanoACQUITY</td>
			<td>Waters Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>9830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BMP-7</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>354-BP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Alumin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>5470</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell scraper</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>CLS-3010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical</td>
			<td>4176</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Costar or Nunc Flat bottomed Cell culture plates</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>07-200, 140675, 142475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytosine- &#946;- D-arabinofuranoside</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C1768</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-phosphate buffered saline (Calcium and magnesium free)</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>30-2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase II</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>4942078001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D0632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM - Low glucose + Glutamine, + sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11885</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fatty Acid Free BSA</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>126609</td>
			<td>20 mg/mL stock in low glucose DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps Dumont no.4 and no.5</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc</td>
			<td>5621, 5622</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps and Scissors for Dissection</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc</td>
			<td>1328, 1329, 5002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass coverlips - 12mm</td>
			<td>Neuvitro Corporation</td>
			<td>GG-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat-Anti Mouse IgG Alexa 488 conjugated</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A32723</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ham&#39;s F-12 Nutrient Mix</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11765</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#39;s balanced salt soltion (Calcium and Magnesium free)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14185</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Selenium-Transferrin (100X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>41400-045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodoacetamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leibovitz L-15 medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11415064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting media for glass coverslips</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P36931, P36934</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse-anti- MAP2 antibody (SMI-52)</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>SMI 52</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nerve growth factor</td>
			<td>Envigo Bioproducts (formerly Harlan Bioproducts)</td>
			<td>BT5017</td>
			<td>Stock 125 &#956;g/mL in 0.2% Prionex in DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehye</td>
			<td>Spectrum Chemicals</td>
			<td>P1010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (100X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D-Lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P0899</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prionex</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>529600</td>
			<td>10% solution, 100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RapiGest SF</td>
			<td>Waters Corporation</td>
			<td>186001861</td>
			<td>5 X 1 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Synapt G2 High Definition Mass Spectrometry</td>
			<td>Waters Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trifluoro acetic acid - Sequencing grade</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>28904</td>
			<td>10 X 1 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>X100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Promega or NEB</td>
			<td>V511A, P8101S</td>
			<td>100 &#956;g or 5 X 20 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waters Total recovery vials</td>
			<td>Waters Corporation</td>
			<td>186000385c</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

culturing rat sympathetic neurons from embryonic superior cervical ganglia for morphological and proteomic analysis

Sympathetic neurons from the embryonic rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) have been used as an in vitro model system for peripheral neurons to study axonal growth, axonal trafficking, synaptogenesis, dendritic growth, dendritic plasticity and nerve-target interactions in co-culture systems. This protocol describes the isolation and dissociation of neurons from the superior cervical ganglia of E21 rat embryos, followed by the preparation and maintenance of pure neuronal cultures in serum-free medium. Since neurons do not adhere to uncoated plastic, neurons will be cultured on either 12 mm glass coverslips or 6-well plates coated with poly-D-lysine. Following treatment with an antimitotic agent (Ara-C, cytosine &#946;-D-arabinofuranoside), this protocol generates healthy neuronal cultures with less than 5% non-neuronal cells, which can be maintained for over a month in vitro. Although embryonic rat SCG neurons are multipolar with 5-8 dendrites in vivo; under serum-free conditions, these neurons extend only a single axon in culture and continue to be unipolar for the duration of the culture. However, these neurons can be induced to extend dendrites in the presence of basement membrane extract, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), or 10% fetal calf serum. These homogenous neuronal cultures can be used for immunocytochemical staining and for biochemical studies. This paper also describes optimized protocol for immunocytochemical staining for microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) in these neurons and for the preparation of neuronal extracts for mass spectrometry.

Isolating and maintaining neuronal cultures of embryonic SCG neurons 
Dissociated cells from the rat embryonic SCG were plated in a poly-D-lysine coated plate or coverslip and maintained in serum free culture media containing b-nerve growth factor. The dissociated cells containing a mixture of neurons and glial cells look circular upon plating (Figure 1A). Within 24 hours of plating, the neurons extend small axonal processes with glial cells flattening and appearing pha...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culturing Rat Sympathetic Neurons from Embryonic Superior Cervical Ganglia for Morphological and Proteomic Analysis at JoVE.com

Culturing Rat Sympathetic Neurons from Embryonic Superior Cervical Ganglia for Morphological and Proteomic Analysis

This paper describes the isolation and culturing of embryonic rat sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglia. It also provides detailed protocols for immunocytochemical staining and for preparing neuronal extracts for mass spectrometric analysis.

Sympathetic neurons from the embryonic rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) have been used as an in vitro model system for peripheral neurons to study ...

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Anatomy and Physiology

Neuroscience

Unit 1

The Autonomic Nervous System

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

배아 척수에서 뉴런의 Commissural 해부와 문화

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

연구

신경과학

Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement

운동에 의해 변조된 뉴런의 생리, 형태학의 및 Neurochemical 특성화

The role of individual neurons and their function in neuronal circuits is fundamental to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of sensory and motor ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Dorsal Root Ganglia Tissue following Axonal Injury

Axonal 상해 다음 도설 루트 신경 조직에서 염색질의 Immunoprecipitation

Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate while those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do regenerate 
to a limited extent after ...

Cerebrovascular Casting of the Adult Mouse for 3D Imaging and Morphological Analysis

3D 이미징 및 형태학의 분석을위한 성인 마우스 뇌혈관 캐스팅

Vascular imaging is crucial in the clinical diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular diseases, such as brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). ...

Inducing Dendritic Growth in Cultured Sympathetic Neurons

교양 공감 뉴런의 돌기 성장을 유도

The shape of the dendritic arbor determines the total synaptic input a neuron can receive 1-3, and influences the types and distribution of these inputs ...

Production and Isolation of Axons from Sensory Neurons for Biochemical Analysis Using Porous Filters

생화학 적 분석에 대한 감각 뉴런에서 생산 및 축삭의 분리는 다공성 필터를 사용하여

Neuronal axons use specific mechanisms to mediate extension, maintain integrity, and induce degeneration. An appropriate balance of these events is ...

A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat

스프 라그 - 돌리 쥐에 Nodose 신경절 주입하는 방법

Afferent signaling via the vagus nerve transmits important general visceral information to the central nervous system from many diverse receptors located ...

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

쥐 자궁 경부 척수에 확산 이미징

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the state of the art approach for assessing the status of the spinal cord noninvasively, and can be used as a ...

Functional and Morphological Assessment of Diaphragm Innervation by Phrenic Motor Neurons

횡격막 모터 뉴런에 의해 다이어프램 신경 분포의 기능 및 형태 학적 평가

This protocol specifically focuses on tools for assessing phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) innervation of the diaphragm at both the electrophysiological and ...

Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Imaging of Subcellular Ca2+ in Aged Hippocampal Neurons

Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Imaging of Subcellular Ca2+ in Aged Hippocampal Neurons

하는 세포 칼슘의 형광 및 생물 발광 영상<sup&gt; 2 +</sup&gt; 노인 해마 신경 세포에서

Susceptibility to neuron cell death associated to neurodegeneration and ischemia are exceedingly increased in the aged brain but mechanisms responsible ...