Name: implantation of human-sized coronary stents into rat abdominal aorta using a trans-femoral access
Uploaded: 2020-11-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Human-Sized Coronary Stents into Rat Abdominal Aorta Using a Trans-Femoral Access at JoVE.com

Ringraziamo la signora Angela Freund per la sua preziosa assistenza tecnica nella produzione di incorporamenti e diapositive. Ringraziamo anche Tadeusz Stopinski presso l'Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery per il suo perspicoso aiuto nel lavoro veterinario.

Gli esperimenti sono stati eseguiti in conformità con la legge tedesca sul benessere degli animali (TSchG) e la direttiva 2010/63/UE relativa alla protezione degli animali utilizzati a fini scientifici. L'approvazione ufficiale di questo studio è stata concessa dal Governmental Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocollo n.: AZ 87-51.04.2010.A065; Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen, Recklinghausen, Germania). Il protocollo di studio è conforme alla Guida alla cura e all'uso degli anim...

<ol>
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R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS+2017+Appropriate+Use+Criteria+for+Coronary+Revascularization+in+Patients+With+Stable+Ischemic+Heart+Disease:+A+Report+of+the+American+College+of+Cardiology+Appropriate+Use+Criteria+Task+Force,+American+Association+for+Thoracic+Surgery,+American+Heart+Association,+American+Society+of+Echocardiography,+American+Society+of+Nuclear+Cardiology,+Society+for+Cardiovasular+Angiography+and+Interventions,+Society+of+Cardiovascular+Computed+Tomography,+and+Society+of+Thoracic+Surgeons.">ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovasular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons.</a> Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 69 (17), 2212-2241 (2017).</li><li>Virmani, R., Farb, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathology+of+in-stent+restenosis.">Pathology of in-stent restenosis.</a> Current Opinion in Lipidology. 10 (6), 499-506 (1999).</li><li>Buccheri, D., Piraino, D., Andolina, G., Cortese, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+and+managing+in-stent+restenosis:+a+review+of+clinical+data,+from+pathogenesis+to+treatment.">Understanding and managing in-stent restenosis: a review of clinical data, from pathogenesis to treatment.</a> Journal of Thoracic Disease. 8 (10), 1150-1162 (2016).</li><li>Perkins, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+models+of+restenosis+and+their+application+in+the+evaluation+of+drug-eluting+stent+systems.">Preclinical models of restenosis and their application in the evaluation of drug-eluting stent systems.</a> Veterinary Pathology. 47 (1), 58-76 (2010).</li><li>Kim, W. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histopathologic+analysis+of+in-stent+neointimal+regression+in+a+porcine+coronary+model.">Histopathologic analysis of in-stent neointimal regression in a porcine coronary model.</a> Coronary Artery Disease. 11 (3), 273-277 (2000).</li><li>Plump, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Severe+hypercholesterolemia+and+atherosclerosis+in+apolipoprotein+E-deficient+mice+created+by+homologous+recombination+in+ES+cells.">Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells.</a> Cell. 71 (2), 343-353 (1992).</li><li>Breslow, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgenic+mouse+models+of+lipoprotein+metabolism+and+atherosclerosis.">Transgenic mouse models of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (18), 8314-8318 (1993).</li><li>Knowles, J. W., Maeda, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+modifiers+of+atherosclerosis+in+mice.">Genetic modifiers of atherosclerosis in mice.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 20 (11), 2336-2345 (2000).</li><li>Wheeler, J. B., Mukherjee, R., Stroud, R. E., Jones, J. A., Ikonomidis, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relation+of+murine+thoracic+aortic+structural+and+cellular+changes+with+aging+to+passive+and+active+mechanical+properties.">Relation of murine thoracic aortic structural and cellular changes with aging to passive and active mechanical properties.</a> Journal of the American Heart Association. 4 (3), 001744 (2015).</li><li>Rodriguez-Menocal, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+mouse+model+of+in-stent+restenosis.">A novel mouse model of in-stent restenosis.</a> Atherosclerosis. 209 (2), 359-366 (2010).</li><li>Langeveld, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+abdominal+aorta+stenting:+a+new+and+reliable+small+animal+model+for+in-stent+restenosis.">Rat abdominal aorta stenting: a new and reliable small animal model for in-stent restenosis.</a> Journal of Vascular Research. 41 (5), 377-386 (2004).</li><li>Oyamada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trans-iliac+rat+aorta+stenting:+a+novel+high+throughput+preclinical+stent+model+for+restenosis+and+thrombosis.">Trans-iliac rat aorta stenting: a novel high throughput preclinical stent model for restenosis and thrombosis.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 166 (1), 9 (2011).</li><li>Touchard, A. G., Schwartz, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+restenosis+models:+challenges+and+successes.">Preclinical restenosis models: challenges and successes.</a> Toxicologic Pathology. 34 (1), 11-18 (2006).</li><li>Wei, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apolipoprotein+E-deficient+rats+develop+atherosclerotic+plaques+in+partially+ligated+carotid+arteries.">Apolipoprotein E-deficient rats develop atherosclerotic plaques in partially ligated carotid arteries.</a> Atherosclerosis. 243 (2), 589-592 (2015).</li><li>Zhao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperlipidemia+induces+typical+atherosclerosis+development+in+Ldlr+and+Apoe+deficient+rats.">Hyperlipidemia induces typical atherosclerosis development in Ldlr and Apoe deficient rats.</a> Atherosclerosis. 271, 26-35 (2018).</li><li>Ekuni, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Occlusal+disharmony+accelerates+the+initiation+of+atherosclerosis+in+apoE+knockout+rats.">Occlusal disharmony accelerates the initiation of atherosclerosis in apoE knockout rats.</a> Lipids in Health and Disease. 13 (144), 13 (2014).</li><li>Bhattacharya, D., Van Meir, E. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+genotyping+method+to+detect+small+CRISPR-Cas9+induced+indels+by+agarose+gel+electrophoresis.">A simple genotyping method to detect small CRISPR-Cas9 induced indels by agarose gel electrophoresis.</a> Scientific Reports. 9 (1), 39950 (2019).</li><li>Malik, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravascular+stents:+a+new+technique+for+tissue+processing+for+histology,+immunohistochemistry,+and+transmission+electron+microscopy.">Intravascular stents: a new technique for tissue processing for histology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.</a> Heart. 80 (5), 509-516 (1998).</li><li>Kumar, A. H., McCauley, S. D., Hynes, B. G., O'Dea, J., Caplice, N. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+protocol+for+processing+stented+porcine+coronary+arteries+for+immunostaining.">Improved protocol for processing stented porcine coronary arteries for immunostaining.</a> Journal of Molecular Histology. 42 (2), 187-193 (2011).</li><li>Jiang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+vein+graft+model:+adaptation+to+differential+flow+environments.">A novel vein graft model: adaptation to differential flow environments.</a> American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 286 (1), 18 (2004).</li><li>Cornelissen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apolipoprotein+E+deficient+rats+generated+via+zinc-finger+nucleases+exhibit+pronounced+in-stent+restenosis.">Apolipoprotein E deficient rats generated via zinc-finger nucleases exhibit pronounced in-stent restenosis.</a> Scientific Reports. 9 (1), 54541 (2019).</li><li>Ritskes-Hoitinga, M. G. T., Jensen, T. L., Mikkelsen, L. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Laboratory Mouse (Second Edition). , 567-599 (2012).</li><li>Rune, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+Western+diet+fed+apolipoprotein+E-deficient+rats+exhibit+only+modest+early+atherosclerotic+characteristics.">Long-term Western diet fed apolipoprotein E-deficient rats exhibit only modest early atherosclerotic characteristics.</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 23835 (2018).</li><li>Daemen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+and+late+coronary+stent+thrombosis+of+sirolimus-eluting+and+paclitaxel-eluting+stents+in+routine+clinical+practice:+data+from+a+large+two-institutional+cohort+study.">Early and late coronary stent thrombosis of sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in routine clinical practice: data from a large two-institutional cohort study.</a> Lancet. 369 (9562), 667-678 (2007).</li><li>Cornelissen, A., Vogt, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+stenting+on+coronary+endothelium+from+a+molecular+biological+view:+Time+for+improvement.">The effects of stenting on coronary endothelium from a molecular biological view: Time for improvement.</a> Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 23 (1), 39-46 (2019).</li><li>Mori, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathological+mechanisms+of+left+main+stent+failure.">Pathological mechanisms of left main stent failure.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 263, 9-16 (2018).</li><li>Wolinsky, H., Glagov, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+abdominal+and+thoracic+aortic+medial+structure+in+mammals.+Deviation+of+man+from+the+usual+pattern.">Comparison of abdominal and thoracic aortic medial structure in mammals. Deviation of man from the usual pattern.</a> Circulation Research. 25 (6), 677-686 (1969).</li><li>Lowe, H. C., James, B., Khachigian, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+model+of+in-stent+restenosis:+rat+aortic+stenting.">A novel model of in-stent restenosis: rat aortic stenting.</a> Heart. 91 (3), 393-395 (2005).</li><li>Unthank, J. L., Nixon, J. C., Lash, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+adaptations+in+collateral+and+microvascular+resistances+after+ligation+of+the+rat+femoral+artery.">Early adaptations in collateral and microvascular resistances after ligation of the rat femoral artery.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 79 (1), 73-82 (1985).</li><li>Nevzati, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biodegradable+Magnesium+Stent+Treatment+of+Saccular+Aneurysms+in+a+Rat+Model+-+Introduction+of+the+Surgical+Technique.">Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (128), e56359 (2017).</li><li>Aquarius, R., Smits, D., Gounis, M. J., Leenders, W. P. 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Questo protocollo descrive l'impianto di stent coronari a misura d'uomo nell'aorta addominale dei ratti apoE-/- . Vale la pena sottolineare diversi punti tecnici. In primo luogo, si dovrebbe evitare una mancata corrispondenza tra la dimensione dello stent e la dimensione dell'aorta. Posizionare uno stent troppo piccolo può portare a malapposition stent, mentre l'impianto di uno stent troppo grande per l'aorta può causare sovraccarico, strappo e lesioni del vaso. Pertanto, si consiglia di utilizzare stent tra...

L'intervento coronarica percutaneo (PCI), combinato con l'impiego di uno stent coronarica, rappresenta il gold standard nel trattamento interventico della malattia coronarica1. Il successo a lungo termine degli stent, tuttavia, può essere limitato dal verificarsi di restenosi in-stent (ISR) determinata da un'eccessiva proliferazione del tessuto neointimico all'interno dello stent2,3. L'ISR può richiedere un nuovo intervento con bypass coronarica o re-PCI. Per lo studio dell'ISR sono stati suggeriti diversi modelli animali, ognuno dei quali presenta vantaggi e carenze. I principali inconvenienti dei modelli di arteria iliaca suina più comunemente usati e del coniglio iliaca, sebbene sviluppino lesioni marcatamente simili all'uomo dopo l'impianto di stent4,5, sono grandi costi animali e abitativi che sollevano difficoltà logistiche soprattutto negli studi a lungo termine, nonché limitazioni nella manipolazione e nelle attrezzature. Inoltre, la disponibilità di anticorpi contro le proteine cellulari di suini e conigli è limitata. D'altra parte, i modelli murini offrono i principali vantaggi di elevata produttività e riproducibilità, nonché facilità di movimentazione, alloggiamento e quindi economicità. Inoltre, è disponibile un numero maggiore di anticorpi. Tuttavia, mentre i topi apolipoproteina E-carenti (apoE-/-) sono stati ampiamente utilizzati per lo studio dell'aterosclerosi6,7,8, non sono adatti allo studio dell'ISR poiché gli stent devono essere miniaturizzati per essere impiantati nei topi, potenzialmente cambiando le proprietà meccaniche degli stent. Inoltre, la parete aortica dei topi misura tra 50 μm nei giovani topi e 85 μm nei vecchitopi 9e gli stent devono essere utilizzati utilizzando livelli di pressione fino a 2 atm, che potrebbero portare alla malapposizione dello stent10. I ratti, tuttavia, consentono l'impianto di stent coronari umani disponibili in commercio e dimostrano un corso di guarigione vascolare simile agli animali più grandi dopo l'impianto di stent aortico, riportato per la prima volta da Langeveld etal. Questa tecnica originariamente richiedeva un accesso trans-addominale, che richiedeva una costrizione fisica dell'aorta per ottenere un'interruzione temporanea del flusso sanguigno. Per evitare la lesione del vaso potenzialmente associata e le reazioni infiammatorie, la tecnica è stata successivamente perfezionata con l'introduzione di un accesso trans-iliaca, che ha inoltre portato a un più alto tasso di sopravvivenza degli animali12.
Poiché i ratti di tipo selvatico non sviluppano lesioni aterosclerotiche13, i ratti apoE-/- sono stati generati utilizzando tecniche di nucleasi come transcription activator-like Effector Nuclease (TALEN)14, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9)15e Zinc Finger (ZF)16. I ratti ApoE-/- sono disponibili in commercio dal 2011. Fornendo uno sfondo aterogenico, i ratti apoE-/- consentono una valutazione più realistica degli stent coronari a misura d'uomo, in particolare per quanto riguarda l'ISR.
Nel presente documento, descriviamo il metodo attraverso la via di accesso transfemorale e utilizzando uno stent di eluizione del farmaco cobalto-cromo (DES) a punto sottile disponibile in commercio, tuttavia, può anche essere applicato per lo studio di altri tipi di stent, come stt bare metal (BMS) o stent biodegradabili.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Diet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SNIFF High Fat diet + Clopidogrel (15 mg/kg)</td>
			<td>SNIFF Spezialdi&#228;ten GmbH, Soest</td>
			<td>custom prepared</td>
			<td>Western Diet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drugs and Anesthetics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine</td>
			<td>Essex Pharma</td>
			<td>997.00.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ISOFLO (Isoflurane Vapor) vaporiser</td>
			<td>Eickemeyer</td>
			<td>4802885</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Forene Abbott</td>
			<td>B 506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isotonic (0.9%) NaCl solution</td>
			<td>DeltaSelect GmbH</td>
			<td>PZN 00765145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ringer&#39;s lactate solution</td>
			<td>Baxter Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td>3775380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(S)-ketamine</td>
			<td>CEVA Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Medistar Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Consumable supplies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL syringes</td>
			<td>BD Plastipak</td>
			<td>4606108V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2 mL syringes</td>
			<td>BD Plastipak</td>
			<td>4606027V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 prolene suture</td>
			<td>ETHICON</td>
			<td>N-2719K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Seraflex</td>
			<td>IC 158000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bepanthen Eye and Nose Ointment</td>
			<td>Bayer Vital GmbH</td>
			<td>6029009.00.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton Gauze swabs</td>
			<td>Fuhrmann GmbH</td>
			<td>32014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Durapore silk tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>1538-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-Alcohol Skin Desinfection Solution</td>
			<td>Antiseptica GmbH</td>
			<td>72PAH200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterican needle 18 G</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>304622</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterican needle 27 3/4 G</td>
			<td>B.Braun</td>
			<td>4657705</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Paper</td>
			<td>commercially available</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graefe forceps curved x1</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>11151-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graefe forceps straight</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>11050-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder Mathieu</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>12010-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>14074-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Semken forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>11008-13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small surgical scissors curved</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>14029-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small surgical scissors straight</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>14028-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard pattern forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>11000-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas spring scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc.</td>
			<td>15000-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Leica MZ9</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Temperature controlled heating pad</td>
			<td>Sygonix</td>
			<td>26857617</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment for stent implantation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drug-eluting stent Xience 2,25mm x 8mm</td>
			<td>Abbott Vascular USA</td>
			<td>1009544-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Guide wire Fielder XT PTCA guide wire: 0.014&#34; x 300cm</td>
			<td>ASAHI INTECC CO., LTD Japan</td>
			<td>AGP140302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inflation syringe system</td>
			<td>Abbott 20/30 Priority Pack</td>
			<td>1000186</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue processing and analysis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30% H2O2</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>9681</td>
			<td>Histology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>K928.1</td>
			<td>Histology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Giemsas Azur-Eosin-Methylenblau</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>109204</td>
			<td>Histology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphic Drawing Tablet</td>
			<td>WACOM Europe GmbH</td>
			<td>CTL-6100WLK-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Roti Histofix, Formaldehyd 4% buffered</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>P087</td>
			<td>Histology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Technovit 9100</td>
			<td>Morphisto</td>
			<td>12225.K1000</td>
			<td>Histology</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

implantation of human-sized coronary stents into rat abdominal aorta using a trans-femoral access

L'intervento coronarica percutaneo (PCI), combinato con l'impiego di uno stent coronarica, rappresenta il gold standard nel trattamento interventico della malattia coronarica. La restenosi in-stent (ISR) è determinata da un'eccessiva proliferazione del tessuto neointimico all'interno dello stent e limita il successo a lungo termine degli stent. Una varietà di modelli animali sono stati utilizzati per chiarire i processi fisiopatologici alla base della restenosi in-stent (ISR), con i modelli coronarica suina e l'arteria iliaca del coniglio che sono i più frequentemente utilizzati. I modelli murini offrono i vantaggi di un'elevata produttività, facilità di movimentazione e alloggiamento, riproducibilità e un'ampia disponibilità di marcatori molecolari. Il modello di topo carente di apolipoproteina E (apoE-/- ) è stato ampiamente utilizzato per studiare le malattie cardiovascolari. Tuttavia, gli stent devono essere miniaturizzati per essere impiantati nei topi, comportando importanti cambiamenti delle loro proprietà meccaniche e (potenzialmente) biologiche. L'uso di ratti apoE-/- può superare queste carenze in quanto i ratti apoE-/- consentono la valutazione degli stent coronari delle dimensioni dell'uomo e allo stesso tempo forniscono un fenotipo aterogenico. Questo li rende un modello eccellente e affidabile per indagare ISR dopo l'impianto stent. Qui descriviamo, in dettaglio, l'impianto di stent coronari umani disponibili in commercio nell'aorta addominale dei ratti con uno sfondo apoE-/- utilizzando un accesso trans-femorale.

Questo protocollo descrive l'impianto di stent nell'aorta addominale dei ratti utilizzando una via di accesso trans-femorale (Figura 1). Il primo punto centrale di questo modello animale è che consente il dispiegamento di stent coronari a misura d'uomo. Uno stent coronare crimpato e montato su palloncino disponibile in commercio può essere posizionato nell'aorta addominale dei ratti. Così, inoltre, può essere applicato lo stesso principio di distribuzione dello stent come negli esseri um...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Human-Sized Coronary Stents into Rat Abdominal Aorta Using a Trans-Femoral Access at JoVE.com

Implantation of Human-Sized Coronary Stents into Rat Abdominal Aorta Using a Trans-Femoral Access

Questo protocollo descrive l'impianto di stent coronari umani nell'aorta addominale dei ratti con uno sfondo apoE-/- utilizzando un accesso trans-femorale. Rispetto ad altri modelli animali, i modelli murini portano i vantaggi di alta produttività, riproducibilità, facilità di movimentazione e alloggiamento e un'ampia disponibilità di marcatori molecolari.

Impianto di stent coronari di dimensioni umane nell'aorta addominale del ratto utilizzando un accesso trans-femorale

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), combined with the deployment of a coronary stent, represents the gold standard in interventional treatment of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Rat Heterotopic Abdominal Heart/Single-lung Transplantation in a Volume-loaded Configuration

Rat eterotopico addominale Cuore / Trapianti Single-polmone in una configurazione del volume-caricato

Herein, we describe a novel technique for heterotopic abdominal heart-lung transplantation (HAHLT) in rats. The configuration of the transplant graft ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Creation of Abdominal Adhesions in Mice

Creazione di addominali aderenze nei topi

Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or ...

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents

Fabbricazione di piccolo calibro e stent-innesti Uso Electrospinning e Balloon espandibili Bare Metal Stent

Stent-grafts are widely used for the treatment of various conditions such as aortic lesions, aneurysms, emboli due to coronary intervention procedures and ...

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Un modello di rimodellamento cardiaco Attraverso Costrizione del Aorta addominale in Rats

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a complex clinical syndromethat includes fatigue, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Patch Angioplastica nel ratto aorta o vena cava inferiore

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA

Diretto Re-impianto di sinistra coronarica nell&#39;aorta in Adulti con Anomala origine della coronaria sinistra dall&#39;arteria polmonare (ALCAPA)

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly which is one of leading causes of myocardial ...

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

Basato su palloncino ferita per indurre iperplasia Myointimal nell'Aorta addominale di Mouse

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta in Mice to Determine Aneurysm Dimensions

Formazione immagine di ultrasuono dell'Aorta toracica ed addominale in topi per determinare le dimensioni di Aneurysm

Contemporary high-resolution ultrasound instruments have sufficient resolution to facilitate the measurement of mouse aortas. These instruments have been ...

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Un modello murino di disfunzione della mano correlata all'accesso all'emodialisi

Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem, and the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring chronic renal replacement ...

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Impianto cocleare robotizzato per l'accesso cocleare diretto

Robot-assisted systems offer great potential for gentler and more precise cochlear implantation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of ...