Name: real-time fmri brain mapping in animals
Uploaded: 2020-09-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

我们感谢陈D.博士和颜C.博士分享AFNI脚本，为PV 5设置实时fMRI，并感谢AFNI团队提供软件支持。这项研究得到了NIH脑计划资助（RF1NS113278-01，R01 MH111438-01）和S10仪器资助（S10 RR023009-01）的支持给Martinos中心，德国研究基金会（DFG）Yu215 / 3-1，BMBF 01GQ1702，以及马克斯普朗克学会的内部资助。

这项研究是根据德国动物福利法（TierSchG）和动物福利实验动物条例（TierSchVersV）进行的。此处描述的实验方案由伦理委员会（§15 TierSchG）审查，并由国家当局批准（Regierungspräsidium，图宾根，巴登 - 符腾堡州，德国）。
1. 为小动物研究准备BOLD-fMRI实验装置
<ol><li>打开控制台软件以控制成像参数并获取MRI数据。 注意：建议的实时功能磁共振成像设置是利用控制台软件（版...

<ol>
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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AFNI:+Software+for+analysis+and+visualization+of+functional+magnetic+resonance+neuroimages.">AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages.</a> Computers and Biomedical Research. 29 (3), 162-173 (1996).</li><li>Liou, W. W., Goshgarian, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+the+effect+of+chronic+phrenicotomy+on+the+induction+of+the+crossed+phrenic+phenomenon.">Quantitative assessment of the effect of chronic phrenicotomy on the induction of the crossed phrenic phenomenon.</a> Experimental Neurology. 127 (1), 145-153 (1994).</li><li>Shih, Y. 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功能磁共振成像信号的实时监测有助于实验者调整动物的生理机能，以优化功能映射。清醒动物的运动伪影以及麻醉作用是介导fMRI信号变异性的主要因素，混淆了信号本身的生物学解释31，32，33，34，35，36，37，38...

功能磁共振成像（fMRI）是一种非侵入性方法，用于测量与大脑神经活动相关的血流动力学反应1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，例如血氧水平依赖性（BOLD），脑血容量和流量信号。在动物研究中，血流动力学信号可受到麻醉10、清醒动物11的应激水平以及潜在的非生理伪影（例如心脏搏动和呼吸运动12、13、14、15）的影响。尽管已经开发了许多后处理方法来为任务相关和静息状态功能动力学和连接映射提供fMRI信号的回顾性分析16，17，18，19，但很少有技术可以提供实时脑功能映射解决方案和动物大脑中的瞬时读数20（其中大部分主要用于人脑映射21， 22，23，24，25，26，27）。特别是这种实时功能磁共振成像成像方法在动物研究中是缺乏的。有必要建立一个功能磁共振成像平台，以实现实时脑状态依赖性生理阶段的研究，并为动物脑功能研究提供实时生物反馈刺激范式。
在本工作中，我们说明了使用MRI控制台软件的定制宏功能的实时fMRI实验设置，展示了对麻醉大鼠初级前爪体感皮层（FP-S1）中诱发的BOLD-fMRI反应的实时监测。这种实时设置允许使用现有的神经图像分析软件功能神经图像分析（AFNI）28，在功能图中可视化正在进行的大脑激活，以及以体素方式显示单个时间过程。用于动物研究的实时fMRI实验装置的制备在协议中描述。除了动物设置外，我们还提供详细的程序，使用最新的控制台软件和图像处理脚本来设置实时fMRI信号的可视化和分析。总之，拟议的用于动物研究的实时功能磁共振成像设置是使用MRI控制台系统监测动物大脑中动态功能磁共振成像信号的有力工具。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>14.1T Bruker MRI system</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A365 Stimulus Isolator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AcqKnowledge Software</td>
			<td>Biopac</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_014279, http://www.biopac.com/product/acqknowledge-software/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AFNI</td>
			<td>Cox, 1996</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_005927, http://afni.nimh.nih.gov</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2SMO (ETCO2/SpO2 Monitor), Model 7100</td>
			<td>Novametrix Medical Systems Inc</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>CP-Pharma</td>
			<td>Cat# 1214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Master-9</td>
			<td>A.M.P.I</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoliter Injector</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>Cat# NANOFIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pancuronium Bromide</td>
			<td>Inresa Arzneimittel</td>
			<td>Cat# 34409.00.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ParaVision 6</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_001964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat: Sprague Dawley rat</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>Crl:CD(SD)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SAR-830/AP Ventilator</td>
			<td>CWE</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-chloralose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat# C0128-25G;RRID</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time fmri brain mapping in animals

动态功能磁共振成像反应在很大程度上取决于动物在麻醉或清醒状态下的生理状况。我们开发了一个实时fMRI平台，指导实验者在采集过程中即时监测fMRI反应，可用于修改动物的生理机能，以实现动物大脑中所需的血流动力学反应。实时功能磁共振成像设置基于14.1T临床前MRI系统，能够实时映射麻醉大鼠初级前爪体感皮层（FP-S1）中的动态fMRI反应。实时fMRI平台不是回顾性分析来研究导致fMRI信号变异性的混杂来源，而是提供了一种更有效的方案，使用定制的宏功能和MRI系统中的通用神经图像分析软件来识别动态fMRI反应。此外，它还为动物的大脑功能研究提供了即时故障排除可行性和实时生物反馈刺激范式。

图 3 和图 4 显示了具有电前爪刺激（3 Hz，4 s，脉冲宽度 300 us，2.5 mA）的代表性实时体素 BOLD-fMRI 时间过程和功能图。fMRI设计范式包括10次刺激前扫描，3次刺激扫描和12次刺激间扫描，总共8个时期（130次扫描）。总扫描时间为 3 分 15 秒（195 秒）。图3显示了实时采集格式中对侧FP-S1的体素时间过程（黑线），对应于块设计范式（红...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

动物大脑功能映射可以从实时功能磁共振成像（fMRI）实验设置中受益。利用动物MRI系统中实施的最新软件，我们建立了小动物功能磁共振成像的实时监测平台。

动物实时功能磁共振成像大脑映射

Dynamic fMRI responses vary largely according to the physiological conditions of animals either under anesthesia or in awake states. We developed a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

同时在啮齿动物脑功能磁共振成像和电

To examine the neural basis of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal, we have developed a rodent model in ...

科研

神经科学

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

结合经颅磁刺激和功能磁共振成像检查默认模式网络

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Recording Human Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

神经科学的研究和实时功能皮层映射记录人力Electrocorticographic（ECOG）信号

Neuroimaging studies of human cognitive, sensory, and motor processes are usually based on noninvasive techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), ...

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

设计和组装的超轻型电动微型硬盘（Microdrive）慢性神经录音的小动物

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

听觉皮层在成年猫用高场磁共振成像功能成像

Current knowledge of sensory processing in the mammalian auditory system is mainly derived from electrophysiological studies in a variety of animal ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

深部脑刺激与同步功能磁共振成像在鼠害

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Rapid Genotyping of Animals Followed by Establishing Primary Cultures of Brain Neurons

动物的基因分型快速其次是建立大脑神经元原代培养

High-resolution analysis of the morphology and function of mammalian neurons often requires the genotyping of individual animals followed by the analysis ...

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

一个<em&gt;离体</em&gt;激光诱导脊髓损伤模型，以评估轴索变性的机制在实时

Injured CNS axons fail to regenerate and often retract away from the injury site. Axons spared from the initial injury may later undergo secondary axonal ...

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

实时 fMRI 神经训练管理协议

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control ...

Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space

用四甲基铵进行实时离子电渗疗法，以量化体细胞分数和脑细胞外空间的变性

This review describes the basic concepts and protocol to perform the real-time iontophoresis (RTI) method, the gold-standard to explore and quantify the ...