Name: real-time fmri brain mapping in animals
Uploaded: 2020-09-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

We bedanken Dr. D. Chen en Dr. C. Yen voor het delen van het AFNI-script om de real-time fMRI voor PV 5 in te stellen en het AFNI-team voor de softwareondersteuning. Dit onderzoek werd ondersteund door NIH Brain Initiative-financiering (RF1NS113278-01, R01 MH111438-01) en de S10-instrumentsubsidie (S10 RR023009-01) aan Martinos Center, German Research Foundation (DFG) Yu215/ 3-1, BMBF 01GQ1702 en de interne financiering van Max Planck Society.

Deze studie werd uitgevoerd in overeenstemming met de Duitse dierenwelzijnswet (TierSchG) en de Dierenwelzijnsdierverordening (TierSchVersV). Het hier beschreven experimentele protocol werd beoordeeld door de ethische commissie (§15 TierSchG) en goedgekeurd door de overheidsinstantie (Regierungspräsidium, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Duitsland).
1. Voorbereiding van de BOLD-fMRI proefopstelling voor onderzoek bij kleine dieren
<ol><li>Schakel de consolesoftware in om beeldparameters te r...

<ol>
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Q., Ress, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-based+method+for+retrospective+correction+of+physiological+motion+effects+in+fMRI:+RETROICOR.">Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR.</a> Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 44 (1), 162-167 (2000).</li><li>Chang, C., Cunningham, J. P., Glover, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+heart+rate+on+the+BOLD+signal:+The+cardiac+response+function.">Influence of heart rate on the BOLD signal: The cardiac response function.</a> Neuroimage. 44 (3), 857-869 (2009).</li><li>Birn, R. M., Diamond, J. B., Smith, M. A., Bandettini, P. 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B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+animal+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging+and+its+application+to+neurophamacological+studies.">Real-time animal functional magnetic resonance imaging and its application to neurophamacological studies.</a> Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 26 (9), 1266-1272 (2008).</li><li>Cox, R. W., Jesmanowicz, A., Hyde, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Magnetic Resonance Medicine. 33 (2), 230-236 (1995).</li><li>Lee, C. C., Jack, C. R., Rossman, P. J., Riederer, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+reconstruction+and+high-speed+processing+in+functional+MR+imaging.">Real-time reconstruction and high-speed processing in functional MR imaging.</a> American Journal of Neuroradiology. 19 (7), 1297-1300 (1998).</li><li>Voyvodic, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+fMRI+paradigm+control,+physiology,+and+behavior+combined+with+near+real-time+statistical+analysis.">Real-time fMRI paradigm control, physiology, and behavior combined with near real-time statistical analysis.</a> Neuroimage. 10 (2), 91-106 (1999).</li><li>Cohen, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Methods. 25 (2), 201-220 (2001).</li><li>Posse, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+approach+to+measure+single-event+related+brain+activity+using+real-time+fMRI:+Feasibility+of+sensory,+motor,+and+higher+cognitive+tasks.">A new approach to measure single-event related brain activity using real-time fMRI: Feasibility of sensory, motor, and higher cognitive tasks.</a> Human Brain Mapping. 12 (1), 25-41 (2001).</li><li>Decharms, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reading+and+controlling+human+brain+activation+using+real-time+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Reading and controlling human brain activation using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 11 (11), 473-481 (2007).</li><li>Bruhl, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Making+Sense+of+Real-Time+Functional+Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging+(rtfMRI)+and+rtfMRI+Neurofeedback.">Making Sense of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rtfMRI) and rtfMRI Neurofeedback.</a> International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 18 (6), (2015).</li><li>Cox, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AFNI:+Software+for+analysis+and+visualization+of+functional+magnetic+resonance+neuroimages.">AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages.</a> Computers and Biomedical Research. 29 (3), 162-173 (1996).</li><li>Liou, W. W., Goshgarian, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+the+effect+of+chronic+phrenicotomy+on+the+induction+of+the+crossed+phrenic+phenomenon.">Quantitative assessment of the effect of chronic phrenicotomy on the induction of the crossed phrenic phenomenon.</a> Experimental Neurology. 127 (1), 145-153 (1994).</li><li>Shih, Y. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra+high-resolution+fMRI+and+electrophysiology+of+the+rat+primary+somatosensory+cortex.">Ultra high-resolution fMRI and electrophysiology of the rat primary somatosensory cortex.</a> Neuroimage. 73, 113-120 (2013).</li><li>Masamoto, K., Kim, T., Fukuda, M., Wang, P., Kim, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+between+neural,+vascular,+and+BOLD+signals+in+isoflurane-anesthetized+rat+somatosensory+cortex.">Relationship between neural, vascular, and BOLD signals in isoflurane-anesthetized rat somatosensory cortex.</a> Cerebral Cortex. 17 (4), 942-950 (2007).</li><li>van Alst, T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthesia+differentially+modulates+neuronal+and+vascular+contributions+to+the+BOLD+signal.">Anesthesia differentially modulates neuronal and vascular contributions to the BOLD signal.</a> Neuroimage. 195, 89-103 (2019).</li><li>Wu, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+isoflurane+anesthesia+on+resting-state+fMRI+signals+and+functional+connectivity+within+primary+somatosensory+cortex+of+monkeys.">Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on resting-state fMRI signals and functional connectivity within primary somatosensory cortex of monkeys.</a> Brain and Behavior. 6 (12), 00591 (2016).</li><li>Liu, X., Zhu, X. 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Real-time monitoring van het fMRI-signaal helpt experimentatoren de fysiologie van dieren aan te passen om functionele mapping te optimaliseren. Bewegingsartefacten bij wakkere dieren, evenals het verdovingseffect, zijn belangrijke factoren die de variabiliteit van fMRI-signalen bemiddelen, waardoor de biologische interpretatie van het signaal zelfwordt verstoord 31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38 </...

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is een niet-invasieve methode om de hemodynamische responsen 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 te meten, bijvoorbeeld het bloed-zuurstofniveau-afhankelijk (BOLD), cerebraal bloedvolume en stroomsignaal, geassocieerd met neurale activiteit in de hersenen. In dierstudies kunnen hemodynamische signalen worden beïnvloed door anesthesie10, het stressniveau van wakkere dieren11, evenals de potentiële niet-fysiologische artefacten, bijvoorbeeld hartpulsatie en ademhalingsbewegingen 12,13,14,15. Hoewel veel nabewerkingsmethoden zijn ontwikkeld om een retrospectieve analyse van het fMRI-signaal te bieden voor de taakgerelateerde en rusttoestand functionele dynamica en connectiviteit mapping 16,17,18,19, zijn er weinig technieken om een real-time oplossing voor het in kaart brengen van de hersenfunctie en onmiddellijke uitlezingen in de dierlijke hersenen te bieden 20 (waarvan de meeste voornamelijk worden gebruikt voor het in kaart brengen van de menselijke hersenen21, 22,23,24,25,26,27). Met name dit soort real-time fMRI-mappingmethode ontbreekt in dierstudies. Het is noodzakelijk om een fMRI-platform op te zetten om het onderzoek van real-time hersentoestandafhankelijke fysiologische stadia mogelijk te maken en om real-time biofeedback-stimulatieparadigma te bieden voor functionele studies van dierlijke hersenen.
In het huidige werk illustreren we een real-time fMRI-experimentele opstelling met de aangepaste macrofuncties van de MRI-consolesoftware, die real-time monitoring van de opgeroepen BOLD-fMRI-responsen in de primaire voorepaw somatosensorische cortex (FP-S1) van de verdoofde ratten demonstreert. Deze real-time opstelling maakt de visualisatie mogelijk van de voortdurende hersenactivatie in functionele kaarten, evenals individuele tijdscursussen op een voxel-wijze manier, met behulp van de bestaande neurobeeldanalysesoftware, Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI)28. De voorbereiding van de real-time fMRI-proefopstelling voor het dieronderzoek is beschreven in het protocol. Naast de dierenopstelling bieden we gedetailleerde procedures voor het opzetten van de visualisatie en analyse van de real-time fMRI-signalen met behulp van de nieuwste consolesoftware parallel aan de beeldverwerkingsscripts. Samenvattend is de voorgestelde real-time fMRI-opstelling voor dierstudies een krachtig hulpmiddel voor het monitoren van de dynamische fMRI-signalen in de dierenhersenen met behulp van het MRI-consolesysteem.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>14.1T Bruker MRI system</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A365 Stimulus Isolator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AcqKnowledge Software</td>
			<td>Biopac</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_014279, http://www.biopac.com/product/acqknowledge-software/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AFNI</td>
			<td>Cox, 1996</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_005927, http://afni.nimh.nih.gov</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2SMO (ETCO2/SpO2 Monitor), Model 7100</td>
			<td>Novametrix Medical Systems Inc</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>CP-Pharma</td>
			<td>Cat# 1214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Master-9</td>
			<td>A.M.P.I</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoliter Injector</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>Cat# NANOFIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pancuronium Bromide</td>
			<td>Inresa Arzneimittel</td>
			<td>Cat# 34409.00.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ParaVision 6</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_001964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat: Sprague Dawley rat</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>Crl:CD(SD)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SAR-830/AP Ventilator</td>
			<td>CWE</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-chloralose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat# C0128-25G;RRID</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time fmri brain mapping in animals

Dynamische fMRI-responsen variëren grotendeels afhankelijk van de fysiologische omstandigheden van dieren, hetzij onder anesthesie of in wakkere toestanden. We hebben een real-time fMRI-platform ontwikkeld om experimentatoren te begeleiden om fMRI-responsen onmiddellijk te monitoren tijdens acquisitie, die kan worden gebruikt om de fysiologie van dieren te wijzigen om de gewenste hemodynamische reacties in dierlijke hersenen te bereiken. De real-time fMRI-opstelling is gebaseerd op een 14,1T preklinisch MRI-systeem, waardoor dynamische fMRI-responsen in de primaire voorepaw somatosensorische cortex (FP-S1) van verdoofde ratten real-time in kaart kunnen worden gebracht. In plaats van een retrospectieve analyse om verstorende bronnen te onderzoeken die leiden tot de variabiliteit van fMRI-signalen, biedt het real-time fMRI-platform een effectiever schema om dynamische fMRI-responsen te identificeren met behulp van aangepaste macrofuncties en een gemeenschappelijke neuroimage-analysesoftware in het MRI-systeem. Het biedt ook onmiddellijke probleemoplossing en een real-time biofeedback-stimulatieparadigma voor hersenfunctionele studies bij dieren.

Figuur 3 en figuur 4 tonen een representatieve real-time voxel-wise BOLD-fMRI tijdskoers en functionele kaarten met elektrische voorpootstimulatie (3 Hz, 4 s, pulsbreedte 300 us, 2,5 mA). Het fMRI-ontwerpparadigma bestaat uit 10 pre-stimulatiescans, 3 stimulatiescans en 12 interstimulatiescans met in totaal 8 tijdperken (130 scans). De totale scantijd is 3 min 15 sec (195 sec). Figuur 3 toont de voxel-wise tijdskoers (zwarte lijn) v...

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Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

Functionele mapping van dierlijke hersenen kan profiteren van de real-time functionele magnetische resonantie beeldvorming (fMRI) experimentele opzet. Met behulp van de nieuwste software die is geïmplementeerd in het MRI-systeem voor dieren, hebben we een real-time monitoringplatform voor fMRI voor kleine dieren opgezet.

Real-time fMRI Brain Mapping bij dieren

Dynamic fMRI responses vary largely according to the physiological conditions of animals either under anesthesia or in awake states. We developed a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

Gelijktijdig fMRI en elektrofysiologie bij knaagdieren Brain

To examine the neural basis of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal, we have developed a rodent model in ...

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

De combinatie van Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation en fMRI om de standaard-modus Netwerk Onderzoek

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Recording Human Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Het opnemen van de Mens electrocorticografische (ECOG) Signalen voor neurowetenschappelijk onderzoek en Real-time Functioneel Cortical Mapping

Neuroimaging studies of human cognitive, sensory, and motor processes are usually based on noninvasive techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), ...

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

Ontwerp en Montage van een Ultra-light Gemotoriseerde Microdrive voor Chronische Neurale Opnamen in Kleine Dieren

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Functionele Beeldvorming van de auditieve cortex in volwassen katten met behulp van High-field fMRI

Current knowledge of sensory processing in the mammalian auditory system is mainly derived from electrophysiological studies in a variety of animal ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Deep Brain Stimulation met gelijktijdige fMRI in Knaagdieren

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Rapid Genotyping of Animals Followed by Establishing Primary Cultures of Brain Neurons

Snelle Genotypering van dieren Gevolgd door Vaststelling Primaire culturen van neuronen in de hersenen

High-resolution analysis of the morphology and function of mammalian neurons often requires the genotyping of individual animals followed by the analysis ...

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Een<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model Mechanismen van axonale degeneratie Beoordeel in real-time

Injured CNS axons fail to regenerate and often retract away from the injury site. Axons spared from the initial injury may later undergo secondary axonal ...

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Een Protocol voor de administratie van Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control ...

Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space

Real-time iontophorese met tetramethylammonium om volume-fractie en tortuositeit van de extracellulaire ruimte van de hersenen te kwantificeren

This review describes the basic concepts and protocol to perform the real-time iontophoresis (RTI) method, the gold-standard to explore and quantify the ...